Madison and Monroe Madison and Monroe (1809-1825)(1809-1825)

James MadisonJames Madison

• Author of the ConstitutionAuthor of the Constitution

• Secretary of State under JeffersonSecretary of State under Jefferson

• Eminently qualified and ready for the jobEminently qualified and ready for the job

War of 1812War of 1812

• British impressing American merchant sailorsBritish impressing American merchant sailors• Kidnapped and enlisted in British NavyKidnapped and enlisted in British Navy

• War Hawks in Congress wanted war for yearsWar Hawks in Congress wanted war for years• Take Canada too!Take Canada too!

• Federalists hate the ideaFederalists hate the idea• Hurt New England shipping, aren’t fond of Hurt New England shipping, aren’t fond of

CanadaCanada

““Mr. Madison’s War”Mr. Madison’s War”

• Congress passes formal war declarationCongress passes formal war declaration

• Madison buckles under the pressure to fightMadison buckles under the pressure to fight

• Nation divided, New Englanders refuse to Nation divided, New Englanders refuse to serveserve

Election of 1812

Canada and BritainCanada and Britainfight backfight back

• Napoleon defeated in 1814Napoleon defeated in 1814• Can focus entirely on America nowCan focus entirely on America now

• Invade Virginia August 1814Invade Virginia August 1814• Burn the the Capitol and White HouseBurn the the Capitol and White House• Blockade BaltimoreBlockade Baltimore

• Attack New OrleansAttack New Orleans

Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans

• America and Britain agree to peaceAmerica and Britain agree to peace• Treaty of Ghent (Dec 24Treaty of Ghent (Dec 24thth, 1814), 1814)

• Andrew Jackson wins Battle of New OrleansAndrew Jackson wins Battle of New Orleans• Jan, 1815Jan, 1815• War is already over!War is already over!

• Andrew Jackson becomes national heroAndrew Jackson becomes national hero

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

Why is the War Why is the War Important?Important?

• America can stand and fight with major America can stand and fight with major powerspowers

• Manufacturing blossomed in AmericaManufacturing blossomed in AmericaPorts blocked, have to make goods instead of Ports blocked, have to make goods instead of buyingbuying

American nationalism solidified American nationalism solidified

National literature, Second National Bank, ArtNational literature, Second National Bank, Art

James MonroeJames Monroe(The era of Good Feelings)(The era of Good Feelings)

• Madison’s Secretary of Madison’s Secretary of StateState

• VirginianVirginian

• MehMeh

• Wins in a landslideWins in a landslide

The American SystemThe American System

• Brainchild of Henry ClayBrainchild of Henry Clay

• First big tariffFirst big tariff• For protectionism, not revenueFor protectionism, not revenue

• Strong national bankStrong national bank

• Roads and Canals (Ohio River Valley)Roads and Canals (Ohio River Valley)• Monroe vetoesMonroe vetoes

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise(1820)(1820)

• Missouri comes in as a slave stateMissouri comes in as a slave state

• Maine comes in as a free stateMaine comes in as a free state

• Balance in Senate is keptBalance in Senate is kept

• Fight over slavery avoidedFight over slavery avoided

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

• Europe is no longer welcome in Western Europe is no longer welcome in Western HemisphereHemisphere

• America will not condone European America will not condone European settlementsettlement

• Stay out of our half of the globe!Stay out of our half of the globe!

• Our policy in regard to Europe, which was adopted at an Our policy in regard to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the wars which have so long agitated that early stage of the wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains the same, quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to consider the government de facto as the of its powers; to consider the government de facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims of every power, submitting to injuries the just claims of every power, submitting to injuries from none.from none.

• It is impossible that the Allied Powers should It is impossible that the Allied Powers should extend their political system to any portion of either extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness. continent without endangering our peace and happiness. Nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left Nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition in any form with indifference.”such interposition in any form with indifference.”

--Monroe Doctrine --Monroe Doctrine