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RFID INTHEPOSTALLOGISTICSIng. Radovan Madlek, PhD.doc. Ing. Juraj Vaculk, PhD.

University of ilinaDepartment of Communications

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INTRODUCTION

In the transportation and logistics industries, RFID

is found in a wide array of applications, as more

companies begin conducting new pilots and

implementations.

Even applications within the same market may

differ drastically from one another.

This presentation focuses on the use of RFID in the

area postal services.

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WHATISITRFID ?

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a generic

term that is used to describe a system that

transmits the identity (in the form of a unique serial

number) of an object or person wirelessly, using

radio waves

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TYPESOFRFID

RFID systems consist of three components in twocombinations:

a transceiver (transmitter/receiver) and antenna are usuallycombined as an RFID reader.

A transponder (transmitter/responder) and antenna are combined

to make an RFID tag. An RFID tag is read when the reader emits a radio signal that

activates the transponder, which sends data back to thetransceiver.

There are two types of transponders, which correlate to thetwo major types of RFID tags:

Passivetransponders and RFID tags have no energy source oftheir own, relying on the energy given off by the reader for thepower to respond. Cheaper, passive RFID tags are the mostlikely to be used for consumer goods.

An activetransponder or tag has an internal power source, whichit uses to generate a signal in response to a reader.

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CONCEPTOFRFID

A transponder (a microchip with an antenna) is a

placed on an item and then a reader (a device with

one or more antennas) is used to read data off of

the microchip using radio waves.

The reader passes the information to a computer,

so that the data can be used to create business

value.

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STRUCTUREOFRFID TRASPONDER

Printable face-stock

AdhesiveRFID inlaychip + antenna)

AdhesiveLiner

Antenna

Major driver of read performance Determines how well an RFID label works with a certain product

Chip

Contains data

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POSTALMARKETANDRFID

The potential market for RFID in the postal and courier

service is second only to that for the retail supply chain

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POSTALRFID APPLICATIONMODEL

Postal RFID application model was proposed for the

adoption of RFID technology in postal logistics

environments

The main environments are:

A. Mail Office

B. Mail Collection & Distribution Center

C. Delivery Office

D. Monitoring Center

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RFID APPLICATIONMODELFORPOSTAL

LOGISTICS

A C

B

D

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MAILOFFICEENVIRONMENT

A mail office that can conduct parcel registration through

issuing an RFID tag and label printing sends parcel issue

data such as a postal code and address automatically

using an RFID reader with an Internet connection to a

postal logistics system via a local server.

The mail office also receives mail trace data such as

parcel processing and delivery data from a local server

after the registered parcel has moved to the mail center.

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MAILCOLLECTION& DISTRIBUTION

CENTER

A mail center that can conduct RFID tag recognition atdocks and has a sorting machine for the auto-sorting,sending, and arrival processing of parcels and palletssends RFID tag recognition data of the parcels and

pallets, such as mail center code and parcel processingdata, automatically using an RFID reader with anInternet connection to a postal logistics system via alocal server.

The mail center also receives mail trace data such as

parcel processing and delivery data from the local serverafter the parcels and pallets have moved to the deliveryoffice.

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DELIVERYOFFICEENVIRONMENT

A delivery office that can conduct RFID tag recognitionfor the delivery of parcels and a tag data reset for thereuse preparation of parcel and pallet tags sends RFIDtag recognition data of the parcels and pallets, such as

delivery office code, delivery persons ID, and deliverydata automatically using a hand-held RFID reader withwireless LAN and CDMA connection to a postallogistics system via a local server.

The delivery office also receives processing data such as

parcel registration and sorting data from the local serverafter the sorted parcels have moved to the deliveryoffice.

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MONITORINGCENTERENVIRONMENT

The monitoring center can do a real-time trace andtracking of parcel processing and pallet management viaa local server and postal logistics system.

The monitoring center can also check how many parcels

are registered in real time, how many pallets with parcelshave moved among mail centers, and how many empty

pallets are stored in each mail center.

This is also important for the effective use of parcel andpallet management, customer service parcel upgrades,

and for knowing which mail center has a problem withparcel processing and pallet management.

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EXAMPLEOFRFID USINGINTHEPOSTAL

LOGISTICS

Receive Pallet& Parcelsby Truck

Post Office1

Mail Center2

Send Pallets &Boxes with Registered

Mails& Parcels by Truck

Delivery Office3

Local Server & Platform

Pallet Tag Issuer

Sort of the Registered Mails,and Takeover Boxes

& Pallets

Parcel Auto-Sort System,And Takeover of the sorted

Parcels & Pallets

Receive Pallets& Parcelsby Truck

Parcels to bedeliveried

with RFID PDA

Link Pallet &

Parcel, & Takeover

Send Pallet& Parcelsby Truck

Tag Issue &Label Printfor Parcel

Real TimeMonitoring of

Parcels & Pallet onCenter

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EXAMPLESOFRFID DEVICES

Examples of RFID devices

used in postal logistic systems

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FUTUREOFRFID INPOSTALLOGISTICS

The global market for RFIDsystems, including tags, in thissector will grow extremelyrapidly to be $3 billion

Demand may be much larger if

current efforts to tag individualitems gain widespreadacceptance. In due course, overone trillion postal items will betagged yearly, making this thesecond largest application of

RFID in the world after the retailsupply chain.

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REFERENCIES

1. Peter Harrop: RFID in the Postal and Courier service

2. Jeong-Hyun Park, Jong-Heung Park: Postal RFID

Application Model and Performance

3. Juraj Vaculk: RFID in postal services4. Libor vadlenka: RFID in Postal and Courier Services

5. Radovan Madlek: Optimal model design of postalitems processing technology

6. Lucia Madlekov: Improving of the quality of postalservices by the monitoring transit time