maewei_maela_jt0308[1]

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Mae Wei Micro HydroJanuary 28 February 8 2008

Presentation to ESP School29 February 2008

Prepared byJennifer Tracy


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About this Project

This project came about following the approval ofa UNDP grant application. This is not an easyprocess.

BGET's director Salinee Tavaranan wrote thesuccessful grant application last year.

The UNDP grant provides for three projectsbetween 2007-2009. A Bio-Digester installed in

Pa Dae May 2007. A Solar Electrification projectthat will take place at the end of this year. Andone micro-hydro power systems just installed inJanuary in Mae Wei.

B G E TBORDER GREEN ENERGY TEAM

B G E TG E TBORDER GREEN ENERGY TEAM


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Past Mico-hydro Projects In 2006 and 2007 Watit Hathaipassorn

(TOPS, BGET, KNCE, Director TBCAF)wrote a successful grant application.

The UNDP grant provided for two micro-

hydro power systems. The first took placein Huai Kra Thing in January 2006. The

second install took place in Mor Ti Htavillage in January 2007.


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UNDP Who they are.

UNDP is the UN's global developmentnetwork, advocating for change and

connecting countries to knowledge,experience and resources to help

people build a better life.

http://www.undp.or.th/about/index.html


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Huay Kra Thing Village:

2006 installed micro-hydro power system

Phra Taat sub-

district, Mae RaMat district, Tak

Province

School:kindergarten to

3rd grade, 48students, 2 teachers


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Mor Ti Hta Village:


Mae U Su sub-district, Tha Song Yangdistrict, Tak Province

School: 1st

to 6rd

grade, 60 students, 4

teachers


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Mae Wei Village:


Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province

School: Kindergarten to 6th grade 105 students, 10-15 teachers


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Mae Wei Project Partners

KNCE

Green Empowerment Palang Thai

TOPS TBCAF

ZOA

Engineering Study Program,Mae La Camp, Zone B

Spring Street School (USA)


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Micro Hydro in Tak Province

This is the 6th system in Tak Province installed by

the listed project partners. There are at least two pico hydro projects in

Nupoe camp.

There are probably more systems in the provinceas available water resources are many, we are justnot aware of them.


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Pico Hydro Nupoe Camp


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What is Micro Hydro Power Producing power from falling water.

The term Micro depends on the country in

which it is applied. General rule of thumbis less than 300kW (SEI August 2004). In Thailand

micro hydro refers to sites less than 200kW.

The Micro Hydro project at Mae Wei can

produce up to 3.5kW... although given thewaterfall height and the resource, more

can certainly be produced.


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Other Hydro Sights in Thailand (DEDE)

http://www.dede.go.th/dede/fileadmin/usr/bers/gasohol_document/Table_for_Microhydro_Webpage.pdf


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Project Goals

Overall: The power production system will operate in a long term,sustainable, ecologically sound, and useful manner for the community.

Technical: The system components will continue to operate in a longterm sustainable and safe manner.

Environment: The system will minimally impact the environment and beecologically sound year round.

Community: The system will meet community needs and grow alongwith the community needs in a healthy manner. The community will beresponsible for all above goals.

Evaluation: BGET and KNCE will continue to learn from this installation

and apply knowledge gained to all future energy projects.

Grant: All portions of UNDP grant will be met.


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Micro Hydro Power Revisited

Power (Watts) = Flow (Q) in Pipe x Height (H) x Density of Water () xGravity (g) x Overall Efficiency Factor (E)

Density of Water () = 1 kg/literGravity (g) = 9.81 m/s^2

Newton = (kg * m)/s^2 , Watt = Newton * m/s, 1 m^3 = 1000 liters, 1Newton meter = 1 Joule

Rule of Thumb-> Power (Watts) = Flow (Q) in Pipe x Height (H) x 5

Power (Watts) Work done per unit of time.

Flow (liters/s) is the amount of water moving through the Micro-Hydro system at any giventime.

Height (m) in the above equation is the gross head or available head before we account for

friction in the pipe which will mean less usable head.

Rule of Thumb (an method used by folks to make a simple and fairly accurateestimate for something usually requiring a more complicated equation): The rule ofthumb for MH power estimation is basically the same equation with the last few terms

squished into a simple number. The 5 in this equation takes friction, gravity, turbineefficiency, generator efficiency, and expected transmission losses (overall efficiency factor of.5) into account.


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Maximum amount of flow that can becaptured year round and deliveredcontinuously to the turbine.

_______ Liters/Second

Flow (Q)

Maximum head orheight differencebetween pipe inletand the turbine.

H = ____ m

H

Turbine

Micro Hydro

Power

Rule of ThumbPower = Flow (Q) x Head (H) x 5

Head (H)


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Engineering/Project Steps

Find Appropriate Sites (Site Survey)

Determine the best site (not always based on

resource and best site from an technicalstandpoint, but based on need, ... and politics)

Make sure funding is secured!

Undertake a design survey (optional) and getfull community support

Design System and Design Review Build the system with community involvement

Insure continued system maintenance.


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Introducing Mae Wei

Primary SchoolClassrooms

Fathers House

Dorms

MothersHouse

Bathroom


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The Waterfall at Mae Wei

Top / Dam AreaFlow 35 l/s(not visible)

ApproximatePowerhouseLocation

50m = verticaldrop from intake

to PH

Height of entirewaterfall = ~98m


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Design Considerations

Stream Health - are the system removing too much water for the stream, its inhabitants, and itsdependents to stay healthy?

Erosion Will the civil works we build for the micro hydro power system be sustainable through all seasonand will they effect the geography of the stream in the long term? Look at the intake structure, and the

outflow (tailrace) from the turbine.

Seasonal variation Not only must the system be sustainable through all seasons, the expected flow atthe turbine must be constant in all seasons as well.

Maintenance The system should be designed with system maintenance in mind. Cleaning the dam areashould be done regularly.

Practical ConsiderationsLength of the penstock (L), penstock material (PVC, concrete, metal), anddiameter of the pipe must be included in our practical system considerations. All affect our overall systemefficiency and the final available power.

Power Transmission and Voltage Loss How far is the turbine from the end user (D)? Voltage is lost

with every meter of transmission cable. If the voltage is too low by the time it reaches the farthest load, itwill not be usable (lights expecting to see 220V will not run on 150V.

Community needs and politics Are we really providing the best solution for the communities needs? Arethere any other factors that need to be considered when choosing a project site?

Maximum amount of flow that can be


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Flow at Intake Location

Q = 35 Liters/Second

Maximum amount of flow that can becaptured year round and diverted intothe tank!!

TO BE DETERMINED!

Available Flow

Usable Flow

School

Maximum head orheight differencebetween tank outlet

and turbine.

H = ~50m

HEAD

H L

4.Length of pipe betweenintake pipe and turbine.

L = ~160 m

Turbine

D

5.Distance between Turbineand School.

D = ~1.2 km

MW Micro Hydro SurveySheet (Before Install)


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Turbine Design Survey MTH

Design Considerations1. Limited budget.2. Desire to maximize the water we leave inthe stream bed for critters3. The fact that the weirs we build leak

substantially4. Difficulty of the site (steep slopes)5. Actual power needs of the school6. Site head (50 m) and flow measurements

(35 liters/sec)

Centrifugal pump runningin reverse- an excellentoption: low cost, sold inThailand and easy to repair

Waterfall #1

Head 50 m

Flow 35 l/s

Gravity 10 m/s^2

Density H2O 1 kg/l

Efficiency 0.5

Power 8.5 kW


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MW Power Circuit Survey and Design

Electrical Loads Notes

Details W

25 x20 Watt fluorescent light 500 School, dormitory, Mother's house, Father's house

1 Television 100

1 VCD Player 30

Total 630

Future loads: Computers, community lighting, other educational

electrical equipment


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Mae Wei Schematic


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Functional design: pipes &

pump as turbine at Mae Weiweir

4 PVC

valve should bescrew type thatcloses slowly toprevent waterhammer. (not type

that requires only 90degree turn).

4 or greater PVC.

Sufficient drainage toensure that water willnot flood outletMounted level on concrete base 6 thick with sunk bolts to match

pump mounting brackets.

SchoolTo village loads


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Mae Wei

Wiring Diagram

power lines: single phase 240 vac to village. 2 @25 mm Al

Capacitor box (70 microfarad & 140 microfarad)

Volt-meter (0-500 volt)V

AAmmeter 30 amp

A

V

Knife switch

Volt-meter (0-500 volt)

Ammeter 10 amp

Leonics controller Ballast load

Three phase 240 vac delta

Powerhouse

SchoolTo village loads


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Now to build the thing!

We want Pictures!


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Dam


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This is easy!!My back hurts


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Wiring


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Power House


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Voltage at power house


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Capacitors at the power house


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Ballast load and Leonics

controller


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The Pump


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Wiring the school


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Celebration!!


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Faces to Remember


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Goodbye! Mae Wei

ESP Post Survey


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ESP Post SurveyNext Time Improvements for Install

1) Improve English for better communication among participants

2) Bring more tools so more people can work

3) Take more precise site measurements prior to installation

ESP Post Survey


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ESP Post SurveyNext time for ESP

1) Bring a chaperone

2) Safely secure valuables

3) Divide meals more equally

Thefoodthisyearismuchbetter


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Highlights

1. Soccer tournament

2. Tasty food

3. New friends

4. Seeing a 6 foot snake killed by a villager

5. Bathing in the river

6. Closing ceremony performances

BGET F ll U d


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BGET Follow Up and

Maintenance Fix All Install Problems!!

Villager maintenance of system Leaves and debris from damn

Turbine/Generator Maintenance Weekly/Monthly monitoring of System

More training of local technicians


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