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magnification
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The act of expanding something in apparent size
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The act of expanding something in apparent size
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The act of expanding something in apparent size
• Magnification: The act of expanding something in apparent size.– The object doesn’t change in size.
DE-MAGNIFICATION To make something smaller in
appearance
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
DE-MAGNIFICATION To make something smaller in
appearance
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
DE-MAGNIFICATION To make something smaller in
appearance
How is magnification useful?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Magnifying glass
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Eye glasses
To see very small things
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Surgical and medical applications
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Crime investigation– Two different bullets shot from the same
gun shown below.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Crime investigation– Two different bullets shot from the same
gun shown below.
Which of the bills below is counterfeit?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Which of the bills below is counterfeit?
Military use
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• Space exploration (telescope)
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• The Movies
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• Cameras and recording devices.
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Magnification works because of light. Without light, you would not be able to
see any image, magnified or not
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Hand Lens– Use a hand lens to practice focusing on a US $1
dollar bill. Record two pictures of neat things that you find.
– Try and find the hidden owl.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Picture of microprint on 20$ Bill.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Convex lens: A convex lens bends the light that goes through it toward a focal point. The light spreads out again past this focal point.
e e
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Convex lens: Image is reversed
e e
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Although magnification is possible with only one lens, it also can be achieved by using
more than one.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Magnifying lens uses a single lens to magnify the specimen. Focusing can occur by
moving the object or your eye.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Which microscope should be used to view a bumble bee, living cell, and deep into a
dead cell?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Which device should we use to look at the specimen on the
left?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The device in the middle, called a stereoscope is used
for large objects?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Which device should we use to look at the specimen on the
left?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The microscope on the right is a compound light microscope and is used for very small specimens that light can
pass through.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• It looks at things in which light cannot pass through (e.g. a bumble bee)
• Lets you see the image in 3D
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
STEREOSCOPIC MICROSCOPE
It lets you magnify images that light can pass through.
Uses a glass slide and cover slip.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
LIGHT COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
You do not put large objects under a light microscope such a rock, pencil, finger, etc. !
Specimens need to be incredibly thin and light must pass through. Uses Slides!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
It can magnify specimens much smaller than a light, or stereoscope
It doesn’t usually view live cells or specimens
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ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Scanning Electron Microscope
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SEM
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TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Head of a flea
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Stapled paper
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Diatom (Protista) Shell made of glass.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Cross section of a leaf.
Eye of a fruit fly.
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Variety of Pollen Grains.
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Human hair.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Electric Guitar String
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Avian Flu Virus
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Nylon stockings
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Microorganisms on a sheet of paper.
Aquatic skin parasites on fish.
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Microscopic Spider
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Dust mite. If you are allergic to dust, it is most likely the feces of the dust mite.
Porcupine quill
Claw of Black Widow Spider
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
An atomic force microscope lets you see all the way to the atom.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
When carrying a microscope, carry it by the arm, and have one hand under the base.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Watch out for cords that hang off of the table waiting to be stepped on and pulling the microscope to the ground.Wrap the cord around arm for storage.
• Always lower the stage after use so the gears are not strained.
– Remove any slide as well.– The finely tuned gears are what make
microscopes expensive.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Remember dust cover for proper storage.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The eyepiece lens is 10x – That means it magnifies the object ten times
Low power is usually 4x Medium power is usually 10x High power is usually 40x
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
How many times larger is an image magnified under low power.
Eye Piece x Low Power Lens =
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
How many times larger is an image magnified under low power.
Eye Piece x Low Power Lens = 10 x 4 =
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
How many times larger is an image magnified under low power.
Eye Piece x Low Power Lens = 10 x 4 = 40 magnification
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
How many times larger is an image magnified under medium power and high
power.Eye Piece x Medium Power Lens = 100
times magnification
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
How many times larger is an image magnified under medium power and high
power.Eye Piece x High Power Lens = 400 times
magnification
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Create three circles using a Petri-dish.Label the circles, low, medium and high power
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
To focus the microscope… place the slide under the stage clips and
adjust the diaphragm so light passes through.
oTurn revolving nose piece to the low power lens.
High Power
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
To focus the microscope… With the low power lens, gently turn the coarse focus until the image comes
into focus.oOnce in focus, you can now use the revolving
nosepiece to move the medium power lens into position.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
To focus the microscope… With the low power lens, gently turn the coarse focus until the image comes
into focus.oOnce in focus, you can now use the revolving
nosepiece to move the medium power lens into position.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
With the medium power lens, gently turn the coarse adjustment until the image comes into focus.
oOnce in focus, you can now use the revolving nosepiece to move the high power lens into position.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
With the high power lens, gently turn the fine adjustment until the image comes into focus.
Do not use the coarse adjustment when the microscope is using the high power
lens. This can break the glass slide and damage
the microscope.
Using the microscope1. Please place the letter e on a slide and put a cover
slip on.2. Sketch the letter e on low, medium, and high power.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Practice your skills with prepared slides.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Pull out a hair and put it under the microscope with a
cover slip. Sketch your image.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Using a depressed slide.– Add one drop of pond water to the depression in
the slide, add a cover slip.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy