MAHAMAYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

NOIDA

M.TECH. FIRST YEAR COURSES

Syllabus

FOR

1. Electronics and Communication Engineering.

2. Digital Communication.

3. Telecommunication Engineering.

4. Electronic Circuits and Systems Design.

5. Communication and Information Systems.

[Effective from the Session : 2012-13]

STUDY AND EVALUATION SCHEME M. TECH (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Semester I

S No

Sub code Subject name L T P

Evaluation Scheme Sessional End Sem

Subject Total Credits

CT AT TA TOT P TH P

1 EC-910 Digital Communication (Discrete Time Approach) 3 0 3 30 10 10 50 20 100

30 200 4

2 EC-911 Digital Signal Processing & Applications 3 0 3 30 10 10 50 20 100

30 200 4

3 EC-912 Detection and Estimation 3 1 0 40 15 15 70 - 130 - 200 4

4 EC-913 Advanced Engineering Mathematics 3 1 0 40 15 15 70 - 130 - 200 4

5 EC-91? Elective -I 3 0 0 30 10 10 50 - 100 - 150 3

6 EC-918 Field Work/Industrial visit/Minor Project - - - - - - - 50 - - 50 1

Total 15 2 6 1000 20 CT: Class Test AT: Attendance TA: Teacher’s Assessment TOT: Total P: Practical TH: Theory L: Lecture T: Tutorial

NOTE:

1. Wherever the question is of 130 marks, 15 short answer questions of 2 marks each

shall be asked in the question paper.

2. A student shall be offered any one of the elective subjects given at the end depending

upon the availability of the faculty member in the College / Institute.

3. An elective subject offered once in a semester shall not be repeated during the entire

M. Tech. programme.

4. Minimum number of students required to run an elective subject is 8.

MAHAMAYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, NOIDA SCHEME OF EVALUATION

M. TECH (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Semester II

S No

Sub code

Subject name

L T P

Evaluation Scheme Sessioal End Sem

Subject Total

Credits

CT AT TA TOT P TH P 1 EC920 Antenna Theory and Design 3 - 3 30 10 10 50 30 100 30 200 4 2 EC921 Communication System

Modeling and Simulation 3 - 3 30 10 10 50 30 100 30 200 4

3 EC922 Wireless and Mobile Networks

3 1 - 30 20 20 70 - 130 - 200 4

4 AS920 Research Methodology 2 - - 30 10 10 50 50 100 2 5 EC92? Elective -II 3 1 - 30 20 20 70 - 130 - 200 4 6 EC927 Seminar - - 3 - - - - 50 50 1 7 EC928 Field Work/Industrial

visit/Minor Project - - - - 50 50 1

Total 14 2 9 1000 20

CT: Class Test AT: Attendance TA: Teacher’s Assessment TOT: Total P: Practical TH: Theory L: Lecture T: Tutorial

NOTE: 1. Wherever the question is of 130 marks, 15 short answer questions of 2 marks each shall be asked in the question paper. 2. A student shall be offered any one of the elective subjects given at the end depending upon the availability of the faculty member in the College / Institute. 3. An elective subject offered once in a semester shall not be repeated during the entire M. Tech. programme. 4. Minimum number of students required to run an elective subject is 8.

ELECTIVE-I

EC-914: Error Control and Coding EC-915: Optical Communication and Networks EC-916: Data Structure using C EC-917/VL-912: Embedded System Design Elective-II EC 923 RF Engineering and Planning EC 924 RF Circuit Design and Simulation EC 925 Radar Engineering and Signal Processing EC 926 Analog Filter Design

EC-910: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (Discrete Time Approach) 3 0 3

UNIT CONTENT REFERENCE No of Hrs

I

Review Signals and Systems Continuous and discrete time signals Relationship between discrete time and continuous time systems Multirate Signal Processing, Discrete time filter Design Probability Multivariate Gaussian Random Variables, Random Sequences, AWGN

II Linear Modulation I Signal spaces, M-ary Baseband continuous and discrete time PAM, QAM Multiple carrier modulation, Maximum Likelihood Detection

III Linear Modulation II Performance of PAM, QAM and their comparison Link budgets White noise on orthogonal basis set

IV Synchronization: Carrier Phase synchronization QPSK, BPSK, MQAM, OQAM Symbol Timing synchronization: Continuous time and Discrete time techniques for M-ary PAM, MQAM

V System Components: The continuous and discrete time interface Discrete time oscillators, Resampling filters, AGC System Design: Advanced discrete time architectures Channelisation

Text/Reference Books

1. Michael Rice “Digital Communications – A Discrete Time Approach” Pearson Publication 2012 2. Ha Nguyen and Ed Shwedyk, “ A First Course in Digital Communications” CUP 2011 3. Tri T HA “Theory and Design of Digital Communication Systems” CUP 2011 4. B SKLAR “Digital Communication” Pearson Education 2009 5. http://ocw.usu.edu/electrical_and_computer_engineering/communication_systems_i/Syllabus.html 6. http://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/educator/product/Digital-Communications-A-DiscreteTime-

Approach-International-Edition/9780138138226.page 7. http://www.ece.utah.edu/~npatwari/ece5520/syllabus-ece5520-spring2009.pdf 8. NPTL video lectures on the subject

EC-910P: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB 0 0 3

Course Objective:

To design and test digital modems and communication systems using MATLAB, SIMULINK, COMMUNICATIONS TOOLBOX and BLOCKSET. Design exercises will help to learn the fundamentals of digital communications and the ability to apply theory to design. Course Pre requisites:

Signals and Systems course MATLAB and SIMULINK

Course Content:

1. Binary Baseband Signalling 2. 8-ary Baseband Signalling 3. Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) 4. Quaternary Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) 5. M-ary Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) 6. M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MQAM) 7. Offset Quaternary Phase Shift Keying (OQPSK) 8. The Phase Lock Loop 9. Carrier Phase Synchronization for BPSK Using the Unique Word 10. Carrier Phase Synchronization for BPSK Using Differential Encoding 11. Carrier Phase Synchronization for QPSK Using the Unique Word 12. Carrier Phase Synchronization for QPSK Using Differential Encoding 13. Carrier Phase Synchronization for Offset QPSK 14. Symbol Timing Synchronization for Binary Baseband PAM 15. Symbol Timing Synchronization for BPSK 16. Symbol Timing Synchronization for QPSK 17. Putting it all Together: A Complete QPSK System 18. Simulating the Bit Error Rate Performance of QPSK

Reference: 1. Rice, Digital Communications: A Discrete-Time Approach, Prentice-Hall, 2. Simulink Exercises: http://ricesimulink.groups.et.byu.net/index.phtml

Software required:

MATLAB, Simulink, Communications Block set, Communications Toolbox

EC-911: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS 3 0 3 Objective is to provide students with:

• Understanding of the theory of A/D and D/A signal conversion, digital filtering and spectral analysis.

• Experience in the design and implementation of digital filters and spectral analyzers, and in their application to real signals (e.g., speech, images).

• Broad overview of the use of digital signal processing in consumer and business products

Discrete Time Signals: Sequences; representation of signals on orthogonal basis; Sampling and Reconstruction of signals. Discrete systems: attributes, Z-Transform, Analysis of LSI systems, Frequency Analysis, Inverse Systems, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Fast Fourier Transform algorithm, Implementation of Discrete Time Systems. Design of FIR Digital filters: Window method, Park-McClellan's method. Design of IIR Digital Filters: Butterworth, Chebyshev and Elliptic Approximations; Low pass, Band pass, Band stop and High pass filters. Effect of finite register length in FIR filter design. Parametric and non-parametric spectral estimation. Introduction to multirate signal processing. Application of DSP to Speech and Radar signal processing. Text books/Reference books:

1. Proakis & Manolakis, “Digital signal processing”, Pearson Education 2. Emmanuel Ifeachor, Barrie W.Jervis, “Digital signal processing - A practical approach” -2nd Ed,

Pearson Education. 3. A.V. Oppenheim and Schafer, “ Discrete Time Signal Processing,” Prentice Hall, 1989. 4. L.R. Rabiner and B. Gold,” Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing, “Prentice Hall,

1992. 5. J.R. Johnson, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1992. 6. Mrinal Mandal and Amir Asif, “Continous and Discrete time Signals and Systems” Cambridge

University Press 7. Dr Shaila D Apte, “Digital signal Processing”, 2nd Edition, Wiley India . 8. Sanjit K Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing –A Computer based approach” 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill

. 9. http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-6-008-digital-signal-processing-spring-2011/ 10. http://www.peterindia.net/DigitalSignalProcessing.html 11. http://www.squidoo.com/basicconceptsindigitalsignalprocessing 12. www.dspguru.com 13. NPTL video lectures on the subject

EC-911P: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB 0 0 3

Course Objective:

The main objectives of this lab are: • Enhanced understanding of DSP Theory • Real time DSP implementation • Open ended design experience in an advanced DSP application

Course Pre requisites: 1. Signals and Systems course , DSP course 2. MATLAB

Course Content:

PART- A. List of experiments using MATLAB

1. Verification of sampling theorem. 2. Impulse response of a given system. 3. Linear convolution and Circular convolution of two given sequences. 5. Autocorrelation and Cross correlation of given sequence and verification of their properties. 6. Design and implementation of FIR filter to meet given specifications. 7. Design and implementation of IIR filter to meet given specifications. PART- B. List of experiments using DSP processor

8. Realization of an FIR filter (any type) to meet given specifications .The input can be a signal from function generator. 9. Audio applications such as to plot time and frequency (Spectrum) display of Microphone output plus a cosine using DSP. Read a .wav file and match with their respective spectrograms 10. Noise Removal: Add noise above 3 kHz and then remove; Interference suppression using 400 Hz tone. 11. Impulse response of first order and second order system 12. Mini project in an advanced DSP application Reference Books: 1. Sanjeet Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing using MATLAB”, TMH, 2001 2. J. G. Proakis & Ingale “Digital Signal Processing using MATLAB”, McGrawHill, 2000 3. B. Venkataramani and Bhaskar, “Digital Signal Processors”, TMH, 2002 Software and Hardware required:

MATLAB, Signal Processing Toolbox, DSP Kit 320 series

EC-912: DETECTION AND ESTIMATION 3 1 0

Classical Detection and Estimation Theory: Introduction, simple binary hypothesis tests, M Hypotheses, estimation theory, composite hypotheses, general Gaussian problem, performance bounds and approximations. Representations of Random Processes: Introduction, orthogonal representations, random process characterization, homogenous integral equations and eigen-functions, periodic processes, spectral decomposition, vector random processes. Detection of Signals – Estimation of Signal Parameters: Introduction, detection and estimation in white Gaussian noise, detection and estimation in nonwhite Gaussian noise, signals with unwanted parameters, multiple channels and multiple parameter estimation. Estimation of Continuous Waveforms: Introduction, derivation of estimator equations, a lower bound on the mean-square estimation error, multidimensional waveform estimation, nonrandom waveform estimation. Linear Estimation: Properties of optimum processors, realizable linear filters, Kalman-Bucy filters, fundamental role of optimum linear filters. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Harry L. Van Trees, “Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory”, Part I, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2001. 2. M.D. Srinath, P.K. Rajasekaran and R. Viswanathan, "Introduction to Statistical Signal Processing with Applications,” Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd. /Prentice Hall of India, 2003. 3. Steven M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing," Volume I: "Estimation Theory", Prentice Hall, USA, 1998; 4. Steven M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, "Volume II: "Detection Theory”, Prentice Hall, USA, 1998. 5. K Sam Shanmugam, Arthur M Breipohl, “Random Signals: Detection, Estimation and Data Analysis”, John Wiley & Sons, 1998 6. http://www.higheredspace.com/index.php/courses/coursedetail?courseid=854 7. NPTL video lectures on the subject

EC-913: ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 3 1 0 Main Objective of the course is to provide basics of linear algebra, probability and stochastic process needed as input to various courses to be studied. Unit I Vector Space Binary operations on a set, Group and Field-definition; Definition and properties of vector space; Definition and properties of vector sub-space; Algebra of subspaces; basis of a vector space; finite dimensional vector space; homomorphism of vector space; Isomorphism of vector space; Disjoint subspaces. Linear Transformations Linear transformation, operator; range and null space of a linear transformation; rank and nullity of a linear transformation; Linear transformations as vectors; product of linear transformations; Invertible linear transformation; Singular and non-singular transformation; Matrices- definition, representation by transformation, trace of a matrix, trace of a linear matrix; Determinant of a linear transformation. Unit II Inner Product Spaces Definition, Euclidean and unitary space; Schwartz’s inequality; Orthogonally; Orthonormal set; Complete orthonormal set; Gram-Schmit orthogonalization; linear functionals and adjoint; self-adjoint transformation. Bilinear transform Bilinear forms-definition, bilinear forms as vectors, matrix as bilinear forms, symmetric bilinear forms; Decomposition theorems and eigen-analysis. Quadratic forms. Perron-Frobenius theorems. Unit III Queuing Theory Single and Multiple server Markovian queuing models - customer impatience - Priority queues - M/G/1 queuing system - queuing applications. Unit IV Probability Definition, sample space, conditional probability, Baye’s theorem, Bernoulli’s trials, Asymptotic theorems, Poison’s theorem and random points. Random Variable Definition, Continuous and discrete random variable, distribution and density functions; Conditional distribution; One random variable- Mean, variance, moments, characteristic functions; Two random variables- Mean, variance, moments, characteristic functions; Moments and conditional statistics; Transformation of random variables; Random process; Mean, Correlation and Covariance; Stationarity; transmission of a random process through a linear filter, power spectral density, Gaussian process. Unit V: Stochastic Process Definition, first and second order statistics, Mean, Correlation and Covariance; Ergodic process; Spectral Representation of Stochastic process; Random walk, Brownian motion, Thermal noise, Poisson point, Shot noise, Modulation, Cyclostationary Process, Band limited Process; Estimation Spectral Estimation, Extrapolation and system identification, mean square estimation, prediction, filtering and prediction; Kalman Filters.

Suggested reading 1. K. Hoffman and R. Kunze, “Introduction to Linear Algebra”, PHI. 2. Gilbert Strang “Introduction to Linear Algebra”, Wellesley Cambridge Press. 3. R. Horn and C. Johnson, “Matrix Analysis”, Cambridge UP 4. A. Papoulis, “Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Process”, McGraw-Hill; 5. H. Stark and J.W. Woods, “Probability, Random Variables and Estimation Theory for Engineers” PHI 6. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-06-linear-algebra-spring-2010/ 7. http://mathdl.maa.org/mathDL/4/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=560 8. http://www.mhhe.com/engcs/electrical/papoulis/ 9. http://web.mit.edu/6.555/www/resources.html

ELECTIVE 1

EC-914: ERROR CONTROL CODING 3 0 0 Introduction to Algebra: Groups, Fields, Binary Field Arithmetic, Construction of Galois Field GF (2m) and its basic properties, Computation using Galois Field GF (2m) Arithmetic, Vector spaces and Matrices. Linear Block Codes: Generator and Parity check Matrices, Encoding circuits, Syndrome and Error Detection, Minimum Distance Considerations, Error detecting and Error correcting capabilities, Standard array and Syndrome decoding, Decoding circuits, Hamming Codes, Reed – Muller codes, The (24, 12) Golay code, Product codes and Interleaved codes. Cyclic Codes: Introduction, Generator and Parity check Polynomials, Encoding using Multiplication circuits, Systematic Cyclic codes – Encoding using Feed back shift register circuits, Generator matrix for Cyclic codes, Syndrome computation and Error detection, Meggitt decoder, Error trapping decoding, Cyclic Hamming codes, The (23, 12) Golay code, Shortened cyclic codes. BCH Codes: Binary primitive BCH codes, Decoding procedures, Implementation of Galois field Arithmetic, Implementation of Error correction. Non – binary BCH codes: q – ary Linear Block Codes, Primitive BCH codes over GF (q), Reed – Solomon Codes, Decoding of Non – Binary BCH and RS codes: The Berlekamp - Massey Algorithm. Majority Logic Decodable Codes: One – Step Majority logic decoding, one – step Majority logic decodable Codes, Two – step Majority logic decoding, Multiple – step Majority logic decoding. Convolutional Codes: Encoding of Convolutional codes, Structural properties, Distance properties, Viterbi Decoding Algorithm for decoding, Soft – output Viterbi Algorithm, Stack and Fano sequential decoding Algorithms, Majority logic decoding Concatenated Codes & Turbo Codes: Single level Concatenated codes, Multilevel Concatenated codes, Soft decision Multistage decoding, Concatenated coding schemes with Convolutional Inner codes, Introduction to Turbo coding and their distance properties, Design of Turbo codes. Burst – Error – Correcting Codes: Burst and Random error correcting codes, Concept of Inter – leaving, cyclic codes for Burst Error correction – Fire codes, Convolutional codes for Burst Error correction.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Shu Lin & Daniel J. Costello, Jr. “Error Control Coding” Pearson / Prentice Hall, Second Edition,

2004. (Major Reference) 2. Blahut, R.E. “Theory and Practice of Error Control Codes” Addison Wesley, 1984 3. http://ocw.usu.edu/electrical_and_computer_engineering/error_control_coding/index.html

EC-915: OPTICAL COMMUNICATION & NETWORKS 3 0 0

Overview of basic fiber optic communication system: optical fibers, optical sources & optical detectors. Wave propagation through optical fibers, optical link design & calculation of various loses. Optical receiver design. Modulation formats for analog optical communication system, Digital system design. Optical Amplifiers & Fiber Components: Direction Couplers, beam splitters, switches, connectors, Star couplers, polarizer, polarization controllers, optical amplifiers, Raman Amplifiers, EDFA, System Applications, MEMS switches, polarizing beam splitter, fiber optic isolator etc. Fiber optics sensors: Pressure, temperature, strain, Magnetic & Electric field sensors based on characteristics like intensity, phase, polarization, frequency and wavelength of light wave. Fiber optic instruments & measurements: Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, Optical low Coherence Reflectometer, Optical Spectrum Analyzer, Optical power and energy meter. Measurement of Reflective Index Profile, Numerical Aperture, total Attenuation, Scattering Loss and differential mode loss, cut-off Wavelength, Non-destructive loss Measurement (OTDR), Transmission Bandwidth and dispersion, Bandwidth of Jointed fiber, Differential Mode Delay (DMD). Application and Latest trends: Advanced Multiplexing Strategies, Optical TDM, Subscriber multiplexing (SCM), WDM and Hybrid multiplexing methods. Optical Networking Data communication networks, network topologies, MAC protocols, Network Architecture- SONET/TDH, optical transport network, optical access network, optical premise network. Text books /Reference books

1. Gerd Keiser, “ Fibre Optic communication,” TMH 4th Ed. 2. John M Senior, “ Optical Fiber Communications – Principles and Practice” 3rd Ed Pearson. 3. J.E. Midwinter, “Optical fibers for transmission,” John Wiley, 1979. 4. T. Tamir, Integrated optics, “(Topics in Applied Physics Vol.7),” Springer-Verlag, 1975. 5. J Gowar, Optical communication systems, Prentice Hall India, 1987. 6. S. E. Miller and A.G. Chynoweth, eds., “Optical Fibres Telecommunications,” Academic Press,

1979. 7. G. Agrawal, “ Nonlinear Fibre Optics,” Academic Press, 2nd Ed. 1994. 8. G. Agrawal, “Fiber optic Communication Systems,” John Wiley and sons, New York, 1992 9. F. C. Allard, ”Fiber Optics,- Handbook for engineers and scientists,” McGraw Hill, New York

(1990). 10. R. Ramaswami, & K. N. Sivarajan, “Optical Networks a Practical perspective”, Morgan Kaufmann

Publishers, 3rd Ed. 11. http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/nptel/Electrical%20&%20Comm%20Engg/Optical%20Communication/Co

urse%20Objective.htm 12. http://www.photonics.cusat.edu/links_optical_communications.html

EC-916: DATA STRUCTURES USING C 3 0 0

Unit Topic Text

Book Lectures

I. Introduction: Time and Space analysis of Algorithms - Order Notations. Linear Data Structures - Sequential representations - Arrays and Lists, Stacks, Queues and De-queues, strings, Application.

8

II.

Linear Data Structures, Link Representation - Linear linked lists, circularly linked lists. Doubly linked lists, Application. Recursion -- Design of recursive algorithms, Tail Recursion, When not to use recursion, Removal of recursion.

8

III.

Non-linear Data Structure: Trees - Binary Trees, Traversals and Threads, Binary Search Trees, Insertion and Deletion algorithms, Height-balanced and weight-balanced trees, B-trees, B+ -trees, Application of trees;

8

IV. Graphs - Representations, Breadth-first and Depth-first Search. Sorting & Searching : Sorting and Searching Algorithms- Bubble sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort, Quick Sort, Merge Sort, Heap sort and Radix Sort; Linear Search and Binary Search. Hashing - Hashing Functions, collision Resolution Techniques.

8

V.

Files : File Structures - Sequential and Direct Access. Relative Files, Indexed Files - B+ tree as index. Multi-indexed Files, Inverted Files, Hashed Files.

8

Text books/ References books

1. Tanenbaum, A. S., “Data Structures using ‘C’”, PHI 2. Weiss Mark Allen, “Algorithms, Data Structures, and Problem Solving with C++”, Addison Wesley,

Pearson. 3. Horowitz Ellis & Sartaj Sahni, “Fundamentals of Data Structures”, Galgotia Pub. 4. Aho Alfred V., Hopperoft John E., UIlman Jeffrey D., “Data Structures and Algorithms”, Addison

Wesley 5. Drozdek- Data Structures and Algorithms, Vikas Publication 6. http://archives.evergreen.edu/webpages/curricular/2001-2002/dsa01/dsa-resources.html 7. http://ourcecodemania.com/advanced-data-structures-tutorial-using-cpp/ 8. https://sites.google.com/site/atulkg/courses/es-103-data-structure-and-algorithms-2012

EC-917/VL-912: EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN 3 0 0 Unit Topic Text

Book Lectures

I Typical Embedded System : Core of the Embedded System, Memory, Sensors and Actuators, Communication Interface, Embedded Firmware, Other System Components Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Embedded Systems Hardware Software Co-Design and Program Modelling: Fundamental Issues in Hardware Software Co-Design, Computational Models in Embedded Design, Introduction to Unified Modelling Language, Hardware Software Trade-offs.

8

II

Designing Embedded System with 8 bit Microcontrollers – Factors to be Considered in Selecting a Controller, Why 8051 Microcontroller, Designing with 8051, The 8052 Microcontroller, 8051/52 Variants.

8

III

Embedded Firmware Design and Development: Embedded Firmware Design Approaches, Embedded Firmware Development Languages, Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) based Embedded System Design. Operating System Basics, Types of OS, Tasks, Process and Threads, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Task Scheduling, Threads, Processes and Scheduling: Putting them altogether, Task Communication, Task Synchronization, Device Drivers, How to Choose an RTOS

8

IV The Embedded System Development Environment: The Integrated Development Environment (IDE), Types of Files Generated on Cross-compilation, Disassembler/Decompiler, Simulators, Emulators and Debugging, Target Hardware Debugging, Boundary Scan.

8

V

The Embedded Product Development Life Cycle (EDLC): Introduction, Objectives of EDLC, Different Phases of EDLC, EDLC Approaches. Trends in the Embedded Industry: Processor Trends in Embedded System Embedded OS Trends, Development Language Trends, Open Standards, Frameworks and Alliances, Bottlenecks.

8

Text books/ Reference books: 1. Shibu K V, “Introduction to Embedded Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private

Limited, 2009. 2. James K Peckol “Embedded Systems – A contemporary Design Tool”, , John Weily, 2008. 3. David E. Simon, “An Embedded Software Primer” by Pearson Education. 4. John Catsoulis, O’reilly “Designing Embedded Hardware”. 5. Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, “Embedded System Design” , John Wiley & Sons. 6. Alan C. Shaw, “Real-time systems & software” John Wiley & sons, Inc. 7. http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/education/lectures/ES/ 8. http://www.ida.liu.se/~TDDI08/LectureNotes/ 9. http://patricklam.ca/teaching/ 10. http://www.learnerstv.com/Free-Engineering-Video-lectures-ltv118-Page1.htm 11. http://microcontroller.com/ 12. http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/

SEMESTER-II

EC 920: ANTENNA THEORY AND DESIGN 3 0 3

Antenna Fundamentals and Definitions: Radiation mechanism - over view, Electromagnetic Fundamentals, Solution of Maxwell’s Equations for Radiation Problems, Ideal Dipole, Radiation Patterns, Directivity and Gain, Antenna Impedance, Radiation Efficiency. Antenna Polarization Resonant Antennas: Wires and Patches, Dipole antennas, Yagi - Uda Antennas, Micro strip Antenna. Arrays: Array factor for linear arrays, uniformly excited, equally spaced Linear arrays, pattern multiplication, directivity of linear arrays, non- uniformly excited -equally spaced linear arrays, Mutual coupling, multidimensional arrays, phased arrays, feeding techniques, perspective on arrays. Broad band Antennas: Traveling - wave antennas, Helical antennas, Biconical antennas, sleave antennas, and Principles of frequency - independent Antennas, spiral antennas, and Log - Periodic Antennas. Aperture Antennas: Techniques for evaluating Gain, reflector antennas - Parabolic reflector antenna principles, Axi -symmetric parabolic reflector antenna, offset parabolic reflectors, dual reflector antennas, Gain calculations for reflector antennas, feed antennas for reflectors, field representations, matching the feed to the reflector, general feed model, feed antennas used in practice. Antenna Synthesis: Formulation of the synthesis problem, synthesis principles, line sources shaped beam synthesis, linear array shaped beam synthesis — Fourier Series, Woodward — Lawson sampling method, comparison of shaped beam synthesis methods, low side lobe narrow main beam synthesis methods Dolph Chebyshev linear array, Taylor line source method. Method of Moments : Introduction to method of Moments, Pocklington’s integral equation, integral equations and Kirchoff’s Networking Equations, Source Modeling Weighted residuals formulations and computational consideration, calculation of antenna and scatter characteristics. CEM for Antennas: Finite Difference Time Domain Method Geometrical Optics Wedge diffraction theory, ray fixed coordinate system, uniform theory of wedge diffraction, E - Plane analysis of Horn antennas. Cylindrical parabolic antenna, radiation by a slot on a finite ground plane, radiation by a monopole on a finite ground plane, equivalent current concepts, multiple diffraction formulation, by curved surfaces, physical optics, method of stationary phase, physical theory of diffraction, cylindrical parabolic reflector antennas. Resources

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. C. A. Balanis: “Antenna Theory Analysis and Design”, John Wiley, 2nd Edition, 1997 2. Kraus: “Antennas”, McGraw Hill, TMH, 3rd/4th Edition. 3. Stutzman and Thiele, “Antenna Theory and Design”, 2ndEd, John Wiley and Sons Inc.. 4. Sachidananda et. el, “Antenna and Propagation”, Pearson Edu.

EC 920P: LAB ANTENNA THEORY AND DESIGN 0 0 3

1. MATLAB / C Implementation to obtain radiation pattern of an antenna 2. Experimental study of radiation pattern of antenna. 3. Significance of pocklington’s integral equation 4. Measurement techniques of radiation characteristics of antenna. 5. Survey on frequency independent antennas 6. Analysis of E plane and H- plane Horns. Project -Design, Simulation and hardware implementation and testing of antenna ( Each individual to be given a separate problem)

EC921: MODELING & SIMULATION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 3 0 3

1. Introduction Concept of Simulation, System, Model, Types of Model, Univariat & Multivariat Models, Deterministic & Stochastic models, Continuous & Discreet Models, Analog & Digital Simulation, Real Time Simulation, Hybrid Simulation, Advantages & Limitations of Simulation, Steps in Simulation Study 2. Random Number Psedue Random Numbers, Generation of random numbers, properties & testing of random numbers, generation of random variables using common distributions, Bounds and approximations of Random processes. 3. Review of signals and systems, Continuous & discrete LT systems. Simulation of random variables & random processors, Transformation functions, transformations of random processes, sampling & quantization for simulation 4. Modeling of communication system Information sources encoding/decoding, base band modulation and mapping, RF and optical modulation demodulation, Filtering communication channels and models, Noise interference and error, Control coding, Synchronization, Spread spectrum techniques. 5. Simulation and modeling methodology Simulation environment, Modeling consideration, Performance evaluation techniques, Error sources in simulation, design of simulation experiment – length of run, replication, elimination of initial bias, variance reduction techniques. Resources Books Recommended: 1. MC Jeruchim, P Balaban and Sam K Shanmugam, "Simulation of communication Systems: Modeling, Methodology and Techniques", Plenum Press, New York, 2001. 2. William H Tranter, K. Sam Shanmugam, Theodore S Rappaport, K Kurt L Kosbar, "Principles of Communication Systems Simulation", Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt Ltd, 2004. 3. W Turin, "Performance Analysis of Digital Communication Systems", Computer Science Press, New York, 1990. 4 . Geoffrey Gorden, "System Simulation", 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 1992. 5. Averill M Law and W David Kelton, Simulation "Modeling and Analysis", McGraw-Hill Inc., 2000. 6. . Jerry banks and John S. Carson," Discrete Event System Simulation", Prentice Hall of India, 1984. 7. Related IEEE/IEE publications

EC921P: LAB MODELING & SIMULATION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS PSpice Simulation of analog systems using PSpice Case studies Case study of 64-OAM equalized digital radio link in a fading environment and satellite system. MapleSim MATLAB and Simulink

EC 922: WIRELESS AND MOBILE NETWORKS 3 1 0

I. Introduction Technical Background, Transmission Fundamentals, Communication Networks, Protocols and TCP/IP Suite II. Wireless Communication Technology Antennas and Propagation Signal, Encoding Techniques, Spread Spectrum Coding and Error Control III. Wireless Networking Satellite Communications, Cellular Transmission Principles, Cordless Systems and Wireless Local Loop Mobile IP and Wireless access protocol IV. Wireless LANs Wireless LAN Technology, IEEE 802, 11 Wireless LAN standard. CDMA Standards System Architecture for CDMA. Network and Data Link Layers of CDMA. Signalling Applications in CDMA System. Voice Applications in CDMA System. V. RF Engineering and Facilities Wireless Data, Cellular Communication Fundamentals, GSM Architecture and Interfaces. Radio Link Features in GSM, GSM Logical Channels and Frame Structure. Speech Coding in GSM (Messages, Services and Call Flows in GSM). Limitation of 2G GSM systems, Architecture of 3 G systems, UMTS, UTRAN, 3G and beyond : 4G, Long term evaluation, OFDMA/MIMO platform, WiMAX. Resources Books Recommended: 1. V K Garg, K Smolik "Applications of CDMA in Wireless/Personal Communications" Prentice-Hall. 2. V K Garg, " Principles and Applications of GSM" Pearson 1st Ed 3. Stallings, "Wireless Communication and Networks" 4. Schiller, "Mobile Communication" Prentice Hall 5. William C Y Lee, "Mobile Communication Engineering", Mc Graw Hill (TMH) 6. Related IEEE/IEE publication

AS-920: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY L T P

2-0-0

Objectives:

To enable the students to understand: • Some basic concepts of research and its methodologies. • To select and define appropriate research problem and parameters. • The issues involved in planning, designing, executing, evaluating and reporting

research. • The technical aspects of how to do empirical research using some of the main data

collection and analysis of techniques used by researchers. • The meaning and techniques of sampling.

UNIT - I Introduction: Research objective and motivation. Types of research. Research approaches. Significance. Research method vs. methodology. Research process. UNIT - II Formulating a research problem: Literature review. Formulation of objectives. Establishing operational definitions. Identifying variables. Constructing hypotheses. UNIT - III Research design and data collection: Need and characteristics. Types of research design. Principles of experimental research design. Method of data collection. Ethical issues in collecting data. UNIT - IV Sampling and analysis of data: Need of sampling. Sampling distributions. Central limit theorem. Estimation: mean and variance. Selection of sample size. Statistics in research. Measures of central tendency. Dispersion. Asymmetry and relationships. Correlation and regression analysis. Displaying data. UNIT - V Hypothesis testing: Procedure. Hypothesis testing for difference in mean. Variance limitations. Chi-square test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Basic principles and techniques. Writing a research proposal. Text Books:

1. R. C. Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, 2nd edition, New Age International Publisher, 2009

2. Ranjit Kumar, Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, 2nd Edition, SAGE, 2005

References: 1. Trochim, William M. The Research Methods Knowledge Base, 2nd Edition. Internet WWW

page, at URL: <http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/> (version current as of October 20, 2006).

2. (Electronic Version): StatSoft, Inc. (2012). Electronic Statistics Textbook. Tulsa, OK: StatSoft. WEB: http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/. (Printed Version): Hill, T. & Lewicki, P. (2007). STATISTICS: Methods and Applications. StatSoft, Tulsa, OK.

Elective II

EC923: RF ENGINEERING AND 3 1 0

Planning of radio network, Capacity and Coverage considerations for 2G and 3G networks, preliminary and detailed network planning, Digital Terrain Maps Morphology classification, Planning Tools, CW Testing, Link Budget Analysis, Fade Margin, MAPL calculation and cell radius estimation, Parameter Planning for Handover margin etc., Optimization and Drive Test Tool, Frequency Spectrum Overview. Solution to common network problems, EMF radiation and measurement, Regulatory guidelines and compliance. RF Safety (general). RF Power; Bandwidth, dB, Using dB Telecommunication policy, legal and institutional frame work in India Telecommunications Standards (ITU standards) Traffic definition & characteristics, BHCA, Grade of service, Traffic models Interference in electronic systems: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC): Introduction. Noise, disturbances and interferences. Legislative and regulatory situation. EMC testing. Design techniques for EMC: screening, grounding, interconnections and cabling.

Resources

1. www.kambing.ui.ac.id/onnopurbo/library/.../Network%20Planning.pdf 2. www.ehanworld.com/GSM/GSM.html 3. www.telecomsource.net › ... › Wireless Communication › NSN ›LTE 4. Theodore S Rappaport, "Wireless Communication" Pearson 2nd Ed 5. William C Y Lee, " Mobile Communication Engineering" Tata McGraw Hill (TMH) 6. www.illumina.com/Documents//.../technote_coverage_calculation.pdf 7. www.icta.ky/docs/FLLRIC/.../2009_04_09_LIME_Appendix_II.pdf

EC924: RF SYSTEM DESIGN 3 1 0 Purpose To impart the modelling of RF system design in the field of communication system. Instructional Objectives

• RF Filter designing • Study of RF Active components • RF transistor amplifier design • Oscillators and mixers used in RF design

RF Filter Design Basic resonator and filter configurations-special filter realization-filter implementation-coupled filter Active RF Components RF diodes-bipolar junction transistor –RF field effect transistor-high electron mobility transistors-diode models-transistor models-measurement of active devices-scattering parameter device characterization. Matching and Biasing Networks Impedance matching using discrete components-microstrip line matching networks-amplifier classes of operation and biasing networks. RF Transistor Amplifier Design Characteristics of amplifier-amplifier power relations-stability consideration-constant gain-broadband, high power, and multistage amplifiers. Oscillators and Mixers Basic oscillator model-high frequency oscillator configuration-basic characteristics of mixer. Resources: Reference Books 1. Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko, “RF circuit design, theory and applications” Pearson Asia Education, Edition 2001. 2. D Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1998.

3. Bahil and P Bhartia, “Microwave Solid State Circuit Design”, John Willey & Sons, New York, 1998.

EC925: RADAR ENGINEERING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING Unit1

Introduction, Radar Principles, Radar Equation, Radar Block diagram, Radar Frequencies, Applications of Radar, CW and frequency modulated radars Unit 2

MTI and pulse Doppler radar, MTI delay line cancellers, Staggered Pulse repetition frequencies, Doppler filter banks, Digital MTI processing, moving target detector, MTI from moving platform (AMTI), Pulse Doppler Radar. Unit 3

Tracking Radars, Mono-pulse Tracking, Conical scan and sequential lobing, low angle tracking, Automatic tracking with surveillance radars, Electronic scanning radars, beam forming and steering method. Radar clutter, propagation of radar waves, noise Unit 4 & 5

Radar signal processing: Introduction, Doppler and MTI fundamentals, MTI principles and methods, Blind Doppler shifts and PRF stagger, De-staggering and processing, Digital filter fundamentals, MTI and MTD with moving radars and moving clutter, CW, High PRF and medium PRF Doppler processing, MTI testing, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Reference Books:

1. Merrill Skolnik, “Introduction to Radar systems” 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill 2. Byron Edde,” Radar: Principles, Technology, Applications”, Pearson 3. R S Berkowitz, ”Modern Radar”, John Wiley& Sons

EC926: FILTER DESIGN 3 1 0

Instructional Objectives

• Active and passive filter synthesis. • Standard low-pass approximations: • Butterworth, Chebyshev, Inverse Chebyshev, Cauer, Bessel, and frequency transformations. • Active and passive circuit implementations.

Introduction to Filters, Analog Filter Approximation Functions, Analog Low pass, High pass, Band pass, and Band stop Filters Analog Filter Implementation Using Active Filters Introduction to Discrete-Time Systems Infinite Impulse Response Digital Filter Design, Finite Impulse Response Digital Filter Design Digital Filter Implementation Using C, Digital Filtering Using the FFT Resources:

Reference Books

1. Les Thede "Practical Analog and Digital Filter Design" Artech House, Inc. 2004 2. Steve Winder " Analog and Digital Filter Design" Elsevier 2002 2nd Ed 3. R. Schaumann, H. Xiao, and M. van Valkenburg, "Design of Analog Filters", Oxford University Press, 2nd edition