Census of India 2011

PUDUCHERRY

SERIES-35 PART XII-A

DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK

MAHE

VILLAGE AND TOWN WISE

PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (PCA)

DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS

PUDUCHERRY

From Thalassery

To Kuttiyadi

From Thalassery

From Thalassery

To Kozhikode

To Kozhikode

To Kozhikode

K

E

RA

L

A

From

Thalass

ery

To Panur

NH

17

K E R A L A

Mahe R

iver

A R A B I A NS E A

Era

nholi Puzh

a

District Headquarters is also the Taluk Headquarters.

I N D I A

!

M A H E

M A H E

MAHE

Kilometres

01 1

PUDUCHERRY

MAHE DISTRICT

Area in Sq.Km. 9

No. of Taluks 1

No. of Towns 1

No. of Villages Nil

Boundary, State / U.T./ District / Taluk.........................

Headquarters: District..................................................

National Highway.........................................................

Important Metalled Road.............................................

NH 17

Railway line, Broad Gauge..........................................

River and Stream.........................................................

Urban area with Population size: III............................. !

Degree College ...........................................................

Hospital ........................................................................

C o n t e n t s

pages

Foreword IX

Preface XI

Acknowledgement XIII

History and scope of the District Census Handbook XIV

Brief history of the district XVI

Analytical Note 1-22

i. Physical features

a. Location and Size 1

b. Physiography 1

c. Drainage 2

d. Climate and Rainfall 2

e. Natural Resources-Flora and Fauna 3

f. Agriculture 5

g. Animal Husbandry 9

h. Education 11

i. Health 12

j. Electricity and power 13

k. Industry 14

l. Transport and Communication 15

m. Banks and Credit Societies 18

n. Social Welfare 18

o. Major Social and Cultural Events in Mahe District 19

VII

p. Brief Description of places of Religious, Historical and 21 Archaeological importance and places of tourist interest

q. Major Characteristics of Mahe district 21

ii. Census - Definitions and Concepts 23

iii. Non Census Concepts 28

iv. 2011 Census findings 30

v. Brief Analysis of Primary Census Abstract – Table 1 – 35 32

vi. Brief Analysis of Town Directory Data – Table 36 – 45 46

vii Scope of Village and Town Directory 50

Town Directory

a. Brief Note on Town Directory – Abbreviations used in Town Directory 61

b. Map of Mahe Municipality 65

c. Statement I – Status and Growth History 68

Statement II – Physical aspect and location of towns 2009 70 Statement III – Civic and other amenities 2009. 72

Statement IV – Medical facilities 2009. 74

Statement V – Educational, Recreational and cultural facilities 2009 76 Statement VI – Industry and banking 2009 80

Statement VII – Civic and other amenities in slums 2009 82 Appendix – Towns showing their outgrowth with population 84

VIII

ANALYTICAL NOTE

1

A n a l y t i c a l N o t e

Physical Feature Location and Size

Mahe district is one of the four districts of the Union Territory of Puducherry which is situated 653 Km away from Puducherry. It is the smallest district with a total geographical area of 9 Sq. km lying in the armpits of Kannur and Kozhikode districts of Kerala. It lies approximately between 11041’ North and 11046’ North latitudes and 75031’ East and 75054’ East longitude on the west coast in Kerala. It is bounded by Kannur district on the north, Kozhikode on the south, Kannur and Kozhikode on the east and Arabian Sea on the west. Physiography

Mahe District is not a contiguous land but lies in two parts. It is a coastal region with undulating terrain of low elevations with an exception of the Chalakkara hill which is 60m above mean sea level. It slopes towards Arabian Sea in the West and has small hills of varying heights. The rocky hill at a height of 46m is seen near the confluence of River.Mahe, slopes towards the river. Rocky cliffs have been seen all along the coast. Mayyazhi Puzha (River Mahe) flowing westward is the main drainage of Mahe.

It may be seen from the physiographic regions of India that Mahe district is situated in region No. 4.2.4. This means it lies in Macro region of Coastal Plains and Islands(4), Meso region of Western Coastal Region(2) and micro region of North Kerala Coast(4).

The geology of Mahe district belongs to the ancient rocks of Archaean age in its northern portion and deposits of alluvium of recent period in its southern portion. To the north of Palloor, the rocks are of Amphibolites and oldest type of rock. The rock is well foliated and dark in colour. It is composed of coarse primes of hornblende with a small amount of plagioclase and quartz. The southern portion of Mahe is laterite capping the crystalline rocks known as biotite gneiss. This rock is hard and compact. These are intruded by basic dykes in some areas. Soils are recently formed sandy hydromorphic and coastal alluvial in most of the places. Along the coastal it is sandy loam and in other parts clayey loams (Orthents-Psamments-Aquents). Mahe consists of two geological plain, viz. Mahe Coastal Plain and Mahe Rolling Plain.

Mahe coastal plain is composed of ancient rocks of Archaean age in its major part but recent deposits of alluvium is also seen in the coastal area. It is mainly occupied by laterite over crystalline rocks known as biotite gneiss. These are intruded by basic dykes in some areas. These rocks are compact and hard in nature. Soils are recently formed sandy hydromorphic and coastal alluvial in most of the places. Along the coastal it is sandy loam and in other parts clayey loams (Orthents-Psamments-Aquents).

The soils are a mixture of recently formed sandy soils, hydromorphic soils, coastal alluvial soils (Orthents-Psamments-Aquents) and laterite soils. The soil

2

along the coast is sandy loam and in some places it is clayey loam. The nutrient contents of nitrogen and phosphate are low and those of potash are medium. The district has Orthents-Psamments-Aquents soil sub-order association (Recent-Sandy soils), recently formed hydromorphic soils, coastal alluvial soils. These soils are good for the cultivation of Coconut. There is no mineral worth mentioning in this district. Drainage Mahe is a tiny land with low mounds and hills having numerous storm water drainages. The main river in the district is River Mahe flowing towards west and emptied at Arabian Sea. Earenholipuzha is the other notable river flowing towards west forming the northern boundary of the district also joins the Arabian Sea. Mahe River is used for navigation and fishing purpose. River Mahe The River Mahe gathering the flows around Velliyod, Naripatta and Kavilumpara – amsams in Kerala adjoining the Western Ghats, runs a distance of about 55 Km towards the west emptying itself into the sea, north of the hill by the side of the Mahe Administrator’s residence. The river forms the northern boundary of Mahe town, separating it from the enclaves of Kallayi and Naluthara on the north. Though not useful for the purpose of irrigation it is navigable in all seasons up to Parakkadavu in Kerala, some19 Km further upstream. During summer it is not navigable beyond Parakkadavu. The length of Poduvacherry River is 0.90 Km, Pandakkal River is 1.90Km, Pallur River is 1.70 Km and Ponniam River is 1.0Km length are the other rivers in Mahe district. Climate and rainfall Mahe is comparatively cooler than the other districts of the Union Territory due to its geographical location. Around 77 per cent of the rainfall is received during the south-west monsoon because of its location in the windward side of the Western Ghats. The South- west monsoon sets in early June and ends in September. The monsoon and season wise rainfall in Mahe District during the last 10 years may be seen in the table given below.

Sl. No

Years (June to May)

Sou

th-W

est

mon

soon

pe

riod

(Ju

ne

to

Sep

tem

ber)

Nor

th-E

ast

Mon

soon

pe

riod

(Oct

ober

to

Dec

embe

r)

Win

ter

peri

od

(Jan

uar

y to

Fe

bru

ary)

Hot

Wea

ther

pe

riod

(Mar

ch

to M

ay)

Tota

l

(in mm) (in mm) (in mm) (in mm) (in mm)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2000-01 2,043.6 515.6 5.0 696.7 3,260.9 2 2001-02 1,976.7 260.3 43.0 428.6 2,708.6 3 2002-03 1,752.2 904.5 24.0 124.2 2,804.9 4 2003-04 2,268.5 210.2 - 829.1 3,307.8 5 2004-05 1,967.0 353.2 21.0 144.2 2,485.4 6 2005-06 2,196.0 430.6 10.2 784.2 3,421.0 7 2006-07 2,404.2 409.8 - 466.7 3,280.7 8 2007-08 3,476.8 311.2 3.2 453.0 4,244.0 9 2008-09 2,036.0 485.6 0.0 272.8 2,794.4

10 2009-10 2,694.0 519.6 30.0 391.2 3,634.8 Source: Abstract of Statistics- 2002--11, Dept. Of Economics and Statistic, Puducherry

3

During the south-west monsoon season from June-September the average maximum temperature is about 290C and the minimum temperature is about 240C. April and May are the hottest period. The temperature decreases from November onwards and during January it is the lowest around 160C. The average minimum temperature of the district is about 220C. Natural Resources : There are no minerals worth mentioning in the district. Flora From the floristic point of view, Mahe is situated in the occidental floral domain more particularly in the Malabar sector. The ecology of this domine with its hot and humid bio-climates facilitates the development of beautiful dense forests, semi evergreen or practically evergreen. But there are no natural vegetation types in this region. The spontaneously growing species are found along the routes, in the fallow grounds, on the coast and also along the course of slightly brackish water, particularly in Pandakkal. Spontaneous Flora It consists of two vegetation groups. One group characteristics of the western humid regions and the other one is common in the plains and the littoral regions of the East and the West. The more remarkable species of the first group are the following:

1. Ampelocissus arnottiana (Mal.Semparavalli) 2. Ervatamia heyneana (Mal.Kundalapala) 3. Holigarna arnottiana (Mal.Chera) 4. Jasminum malabaricum . 5. Kaempferia 6. Leea sambucina (Mal. Nyeru, Maniporandi) 7. Osbeckia wynaadensis 8. Parsonsia spiralis

Spontaneous vegetation of wide distribution 1. Alternanthera sessilis (Mal.Kozhuppa 2. Aristida sectacea 3. Barringtonia acutangula (Mal.Nir Perzha) 4. Blumea membranaceae 5. Blumea wightiona 6. Centella asiatica (Mal.Kodangal) 7. Clerodendrum infortunatum (Mal. Paragu, Vatta perivelam) 8. Clerodendrum thomsonae 9. Coldenia procumbens

10. Datura fastuosa 11. Derris scandens (Mal.Ponnamvalli) 12. Dryndria quercifolia 13. Euphorbia thymifolia (Mal. Chitrapala) 14. Heliotropium indicum (Mal. Thekkada, Ven-pacha) 15. Lagerstroemia speciosa (Mal. Manimaruthu) 16. Melanthesa rhamnoides (Mal.Kattuniruri) 17. Micrococca mercurialis (Mal.Kunuku-thooki) 18. Mimosa pudica (Mal.Thotta vadi) 19. Oldenlandia corymbosa

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20. Polycarpon tetraphyllum 21. Premna latifolia (Mal.Knappa) 22. Stachytarpheta indica (Mal. Katapunuttu) 23. Stachytarpheta mutabilis 24. Triphasia aurantiola 25. Vitex altissima (Mal. Mayilai)

Cultivated Flora

Mahe is richly endowed with an extraordinary density of the woody vegetation in the gardens and in the fields. From a purely floristic point of view it may be noted that many trees of Mahe are also present in Puducherry; Cocos nucifera (Mal.Tenga), Artocarpus integrifolia (Mal.Pila), Areca catech (Mal.Adakka) are some of the example.

Fauna The fauna of Mahe is more or less the same as that of the adjoining Malabar tract of Kerala. Following animals and birds are commonly found in the district.

1. Suncus murinus Linnaeus (House Shrew) 2. Rousettus leschenaulti Desmarest (Fulvous Fruit Bat) 3. Cynopterus sphinx Vahl (Short nosed Fruit Bat) 4. Pteropus giganteus Briinnich (Indian Flying Fox) 5. Taphozous melanopogon Temminck (Blackbearded Tomb Bat) 6. Megaderma spasma Linnaeus (Malay False Vampire) 7. Megaderma Iyra Geoffroy(Indian False vampire) 8. Rhinlophus rouxi Temminck (Horse shoe Bat) 9. Hipposideros fulvus Gray (Indian Bicoloured Leaf nosed Bat)

10. Hipposideros speoris Schneider (Schneider’s Leaf nosed Bat) 11. Tadarida plicata Buchanan (Wrinkled lipped Bat) 12. Pipistrellus mimus Wroughton ( Indian Pygmy Pipistrelle) 13. Pipistrellus coromandra Gray (IndianPipistrelle) 14. Pipistrellus ceylonicus Kelaart (Kelaarti’s Pipistrelle) 15. Scotophilus kuhli Leach (Lesser Yellow Bat) 16. Kerivoula picta Pallas (Painted Bat) 17. Macaca radiata Geoffroy (Bonnet Monkey) 18. Presbytis entellus Dufresne (Langur) 19. Canis aureus Linnaeus (Asiatic Jackal) 20. Vulpes bengalensis Shaw (Bengal Fox) 21. Paradoxurus jerdoni Blanford (Jerdon’s Palm Civet) 22. Herpestes edwardsi Geoffroy (Indian Grey Mongoose) 23. Tragulus meminna Erxleben (Mouse Deer) 24. Axis axis Erxleben (Spotted Deer) 25. Cervus unicolor Kerr (Sambar) 26. Tetracerus quadricornis Blainville (Four Horned Antelope) 27. Lepus nigricollis Cuvier (Indian Hare) 28. Funambulus palmarum Linnaeus (Indian Palm Squirrel) 29. Funambulus tristatus Waterhouse (Jungle Striped Squirrel) 30. Ratufa indica Erxleben (Indian Giant Squirrel) 31. Millardia meltada Gray (Soft furred Field Rat)

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32. Rattus rattus Linnaeus (House Rat) 33. Mus musculus Linnaeus (House Mouse) 34. Mus cervicolor Hodgson (Fawn coloured Mouse) 35. Bandicota bengalensis Gray (Lesser Bandicoot Rat) 36. Bandicota indica Bechstein (Large Bandicoot Rat)

Following reptiles are commonly seen in the district. 1. Chelonia mydas (Green Turtle) 2. Hemidactylus brooki (House Lizard) 3. Calotes versicolor (Garden Lizard or BloodSucker) 4. Mabuya Carinata (Skink) 5. Lycodon aulicus (Wolf Snake) 6. Cerberusrhynchops (Dog faced Snake) 9. Natrix stolata (Striped Keelback)

10. Ptyas mucosus (Rat Snake) 11. Bungarus Caeruleus (Krait) 12. Naja naja (Cobra) 13. Enhydrina schistosa (Beaked Sea Snake)

Following amphibian species are also found in Mahe district. 1. Rana cyanophylctis (Skipping Frog) 2. Rana hexadactyla (South Indian Frog) 3. Rana limnaocharis limnocharis (Paddy Field Frog) 4. Rana tigrina (Bull Frog) 5. Bufo melanosticus (Common Indian Toad)

Agriculture & Land use The total geographical area of Mahe district is 9 sq. km as per the Surveyor

General of India. Agricultural activities are very less in the district. Out of 870 hectares of land around 40 hectares are only used for cultivation purpose. Every household in the district is maintaining garden within their house premises. Perennial crops like Coconut, betelnut, pepper, Tapioca, mango and plantain etc., are grown in the gardens. Garden areas are also treated as agricultural land and hence 593 hectares of land out of the total area of 870 hectares are shown as available for cultivation in the district. A total of 277 hectares are used for non-agricultural and other uses.

There is no irrigation system in Mahe as it is a hilly area and the rivers flowing in the district are not suitable for irrigation purpose. Few farmers use ponds for irrigation purpose and the total area irrigated is 44 hectares of which 5 hectares are irrigated more than once as per the data available from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Puducherry.

Sl. No.

Source of Irrigation Area (in Hectares)

1 2 3 1 Govt.Canals - 2 Tanks/Lakes - 3 Wells/Tube wells - 4 Water Falls - 5 Other Sources* 30

Total 30 *Spring, Channels, Ponds etc., are included in other sources

6

The classification of area by different types of land use is given below for the year 2008-09:

Sl. No. Classification Area as on

2008-09 (Hectares)

1 2 3 1 Forest 0 2 Area under Non-Agricultural uses 237 3 Barren and Uncultivable land 1 4 Permanent pasture and other grassing land 0 5 land under miscellaneous tree crops etc., 2 6 Cultivable waste land 25 7 Fallow lands other than current fallows 4 8 Current fallows 8 9 Net Area Sown 593 Total Area 870

Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, 2008-09 Puducherry

Cropping Pattern Mahe lies on the coast of Arabian Sea in northern Kerala. The land is an

undulating tract of heaps and hill with rocks. The soil is not suitable for Paddy cultivation. The coconut growing is the main cultivation in Mahe followed by Plantain and Betel Nuts. As there is no canal or tube well irrigation existing, the cultivation wholly depends only on the monsoon showers. Different types of crops produced in the district are as detailed below:

Area under Crops 2008-09 (in Hectares)

Sl. No.

Crop Area Production (Hectares) (M.T.)

1 2 3 4 Plantain 23 308 Mango 7 54 Other fruits 6 N.A. Cashew nut 4 4 Tapioca 6 60 Other Vegetables 3 12 Betal nut 61 79 Pepper 12 8 Tamarind 1 3

Total Food Crops 123 528 II Non-Food Crops Coconut(In 1,000 nuts) 472 4,012 Total Non-Food Crops Grand Total

( Food & Non-Food Crops) 595 528*

* Excluding Coconut Source: Abstract of statistics, 2008-09, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Puducherry

7

In Mahe district the soil is not suitable for cultivation of paddy but it is suitable for other food crops like plantain, fruits, tapioca and vegetables etc., are only grown. Area under different crops irrigated may be seen in the following table.

Area under crops irrigated (in Hectares)

Sl. No Crop 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Food crops 0 0 0 0 0

Other food crops 2 Plantain 21 22 18 23 23 3 Other Fruits 4 Tapioca 17 16 10 6 8

5 Other Vegetables 5 6 5 3 3

Total Other Food Crops 43 44 33 32 34

Total Food Crops 43 44 33 32 34

Grand Total ( Food & non-food crops) 43 44 33 32 34

Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, 2005-06 to 2009-10 Puducherry. Distribution of Holding Lands: (i) Land holding:

The number of operational holdings and area operated during 2000-01 and 2005-06 in Mahe district is given below.

Sl. No.

Item Agriculture Census Year

2000-01 2005-06

1 No. of Operational holding 6,767 6,786

2 Area of operated 643 637

3 Average size(in Hectare) 0.10 0.09

Source: Report on Agriculture Census, 2005-06, Puducherry It may be observed from the above table that Mahe district has reported 6,786 holdings with 637.45 hectares of area operated. The number of holdings and area operated has declined in 2005-06 census as compared to 2000-01 census. The average size of holdings in Mahe has shown a declining trend as compared to 2000-01 census. Mahe district has not reported any scheduled caste holdings in the 2005-06 Census.

8

(ii) Operational holding by type:

According to the Agricultural Census 2005-06, of the total 870 hectares of land in Mahe district, 637.45(73.27%) hectares are used for cultivation. Out of total operational holdings 98.6 per cent of holdings are individual holdings while joint and institutional holdings are 1 per cent and 0.35 per cent respectively. Similarly 97 per cent of areas are operated by individual operators only.

The following table shows the percentage distribution of holdings and Area

operated by type of holding in Mahe for all size groups according to 2005-06 Agriculture Census.

Sl. No.

Item Area (in hectare) /Percentage

1 Total Geographical area 870 2 Area of Operational holdings 637.45 3 Percentage of area of operational holding 73.27 4 No. of holdings (%) (a) Individual 98.60 (b) Joint 1.05 (C) Institutional 0.35 5 Area Operated (%) (a) Individual 96.89 (b) Joint 1.28 (C) Institutional 1.83 Source: Report on Agriculture Census, 2005-06, Puducherry.

According to 2005-06 Agriculture Census, distribution of number of holdings

according to irrigation status in Mahe district is given in the following table. Sl. No.

Item Area (in hectares)/ Percentage

1 Wholly irrigated holdings 230(1.2) 2 Partly irrigated holding 458(17.3) 3 Sub-total holding receiving irrigation 688(3.1) 4 Wholly un-irrigated 6029(75.8) Total 6717(22.3)

Source: Report on Agriculture Census, 2005-06, Puducherry (iii) Intensity of cropping: The Intensity of cropping is measured as a ratio of Gross cropped area to net area sown in a year. The Intensity of cropping in Mahe district was 1.002 while it is 1.693 for Puducherry U.T. There is no intensity of cropping in medium and large holding in respect of Mahe region. The following table is showing the intensity of cropping by major size group of holding for all social groups in Mahe district during 2005-06:

9

Sl. No.

Holding size Intensity of cropping (Ratio)

1 Marginal (0.0 to 1.0 ha) 1.002 2 Small(1.0 to 2.0 ha) 1.004 3 Semi-medium(2.0to4.0 ha) 1.000 4 Medium(4.0 to 10.0 ha) 0.000 5 Large(above 10.0 ha) 0.000 Total 1.002

Source: Report on Agriculture Census, 2005-06, Puducherry Animal Husbandry

Agriculture allied activities such as fishing and livestock rearing have an important role in the economy of Mahe district. As per 2007 Livestock Census there were 542 Cattle which include milching and others, 488 dogs and 251 goats. The Census further shows that there were 941 Poultry in Mahe district of which 425 are Hens and 259 are Chickens. When compared to 2003 livestock census, a marginal decrease in poultry farming in Mahe district in 2007. The table below shows the details of the livestock account of Mahe in 2007. The Poultry population in Mahe district as per the Livestock Censuses 2003 and 2007 are given in the following table.

Sl. No.

Livestock Population Year 2003 2007

1 2 3 4 1 Cow (Crossbred) 600 542 2 Cow(Indigenous) 16 N.A. 3 Buffaloes 1 N.A. 3 Goat 136 251 4 Pigs N.A. 36 5 Rabbit 14 22 6 Dogs 429 488 Total Livestock 1196 1339

Source: Livestock Census 2003 and 2007 - Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Welfare, Puducherry. Poultry farming:

Sl. No.

Type of poultry (in numbers)

Livestock Census Years 2003 2007

1 Fowls (a) Cocks 217 164 (b) Hens 994 425 (c) Chickens 5,142 259 2 Ducks (a) Ducks 12 6 (b) Drakes 5 11 (c) Duckling N.A. N.A. 3 Other Poultry N.A. 76 Total 6,370 941

Source: Livestock Census 2003 and 2007 - Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Welfare, Puducherry

10

The production of Milk, Meat and Eggs in Mahe is significantly very low when compared to the other districts of Puducherry UT. Mahe district is depending on the neighboring districts of Kerala for milk, meat and eggs etc. The following table shows the production of Milk, Meat and Eggs in Mahe district during the year 2007-08 and 2008-09.

Sl. No.

Items Year 2007-08 2008-09

1 Milks (in MLs)) 0.421 0.352 2 Egg (in lakh) 1.52 1.57 3 Meat (MTs) (a) Livestock 0.112 0.116 (b) Poultry 0.032 0.043

Fisheries

Among the total Coastal length of 45 km. in the Union Territory of Pondicherry, just 2 km length of Coastal area only is available in Mahe. Fish catch is relatively small and fish available here are mostly of estuarine varieties. The coastline is being a rich fishing belt between Ponnani and Mangalore on the west coast. There is no Inland Water or Brackish Water resource available in the district. However, there is no inland fishing and prawn production in Mahe district. There are 1250 active fishermen in the district. The fishing activities in the district may be understood from the following table.

Sl. No.

Item 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

1 2 3 4 5 1 Total Number of fishing boats 14 14 14 Category I (FRP Mechanised Boat) 3 2 2 Category II (Wooden Mechanised Boat) 11 12 12 Category III (FRP Vallam) 130 128 129

2 Total Number of fishing Nets 274 270 272

3 Fish Production(in tonnes)

a. Inland Production N.A. N.A. N.A. b. Marine Production 3,656 3,038 3,290.1 4 Number of Active fishermen 1,226 1,248 1,250 5 Fishermen/Fisherwomen Primary

Co-operative Societies(number) 2 2 2

6 Membership of fishermen /fisherwomen primary co-operative societies

2,393 2,393 2,464

Source: Department of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, 2009-10, Puducherry,

Among several categories of boats, FRP Vallams are contributing more in fishing activities. The total no. of active fishermen is 1,250 during the year 2009-10 which is higher than the previous year. One 2-ton ice plant –cold storage unit

11

is operated in Mahe, which is producing and selling ice to fisherman at nominal rate. For the transport of fish from the landing center to the nearest market, fisher man can hire the departmental fish van through the society. There are 2 Fishermen Co-Operative Societies functioning for the welfare of Fishermen Community.

The details of fish and prawn catches in marine and inland during the year

2008-09 are as follows: Sl. No

Item Fishing in M.Tonnes 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Fish Catch

a) Marine 3,835 3,856 3,038 3,290 b) Inland N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 2 Prawn

Catch

a) Marine 410 386 371 289 b) Inland N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Source: Department of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, 2009-10, Puducherry Education

Education plays a pivotal role in the economic, social and cultural development of a country. Apart from moulding characters and values of the citizens, the overall growth of the country solely depends on educational growth. Hence, it enjoys the top priority among all social activities in any development plan.The missionaries from France had started the first primary school in Mahe during 1825 to teach Malayalam and French. This was followed by another girls school opened on 5th July, 1877 by the Sisters of the Congregation of St. Joseph de’ Cluny. There are 53 educational institutions all together are run in the district. As far as the Mahe district is concerned, education is placed in a better position. Among the district of the Union Territory of Pondicherry, Mahe always stands at the forefront in literacy. As per the 2011 census, the literacy rate in Mahe district is 97.9 per cent as against the National average of 73 per cent.

Sl. No.

Census Total / Literacy Rate Years Rural /

Urban Persons Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2011 Total 97.9 98.6 97.3 Rural N.A. N.A. N.A. Urban 97.9 98.6 97.3 2 2001 Total 95.7 97.6 94.0 Rural N.A. N.A. N.A. Urban 95.7 97.6 94.0

Source: Primary Census Abstract 2011, Puducherry

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The number of educational institutions runs by Govt. and private organizations in the district during 2008-09 are given in the following table.

Sl. No. Type of Institutions Number of Institutions Total Govt. Private

1 2 3 4 5 1 Pre-primary school 22 10 12 2 Primary Schools 14 10 4 3 Middle Schools 8 1 5 4 High Schools 6 3 3 5 Higher Secondary Schools 5 5 0 6 College 1 1 0 Total 53 29 24

Source: Directorate of School Education, 2008-09, Puducherry

In addition to the above mentioned educational facilities, there is a Polytechnic college, one I.T.I., one D.T.Ed. College and two B.Ed., colleges are also run in Mahe. Student’s enrollment and strength of teachers in schools has increased marginally in Mahe district. The ratio of teachers - students in the district is 1:22. Percentage of passing in Secondary school level in the district is 99.6 percent and Higher Secondary level is 65.2 percent. The distribution of Teachers-Students in Mahe district is given below.

Sl. No.

Numbers 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

1 2 3 4 5 1 Number of Teachers a. Government 368 377 360 b. Private 198 155 212 2 Number of Students a. Government 8,084 7,794 7,382 b. Private 4,521 4,822 5,158

Source: Directorate of School Education, 2009-10, Puducherry

In 2011 Census Mahe district has attained 97.9 per cent literacy rate from 95.7 per cent in 2001 by improving 2.2 percentage point during the decade of 2001-2011. Health

This district has one General Hospital, Maternity Hospital, T.B. Clinic, Community Health Centre, E.S.I., Primary Health Centre and 3 Primary Health Sub - Centres for taking health care of the local people. Under Indian System of Medicine, one Ayurvedic Unit is also functioning in this district. Medical facilities are well established in the district. A statement showing number of medical facilities during 2008-09 is given below.

13

Sl. No

Type of Medical Facility No. of. Centres

1 2 3 1 Allopathy Hospitals 1 2 Ayurveda 3 3 Siddha 1 4 Homoeopathy 2 5 Community Health Centre 1 6 Primary Health Centre 1 7 Primary Health Sub Centre 4 8 ESI Dispensaries 1

Source: Directorate of Health and Family Welfare Services, 2008-09 – Puducherry

Mahe district has achieved 100 per cent registration of births and deaths. Number of Live births, Still Births and Deaths registered under Civil Registration System during 2006-09 in the district is given below.

Sl. No.

Birth/Death Year

2006 2007 2008 2009

1 2 3 4 5 6

a. Live Birth

Total 1,057 1,574 1,102 898

Male 523 763 568 464

Female 534 811 534 434

b. Death

Total 373 383 344 290

Male 214 227 205 166

Female 159 156 139 124

Source: Local Administration Department, 2006 to 2009, Puducherry Electricity

Electricity is the chief necessity for the economic development. There is no power generation facility in this region. Mahe district is purchasing electricity from Kerala Electricity Board since 1955. All the settlements of Mahe are electrified by March, 1972 itself. Out of the total of 13,778 connections in 2008-09, domestic connections are 8,172 followed by commercial with 2,692 connections and 156 are for industrial purposes.

The details on length of H.T. and L.T. lines and progress in electrification up to 31st March, 2009 are shown below:

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Sl. No Items Unit 2008-09 1 2 3 4 1 Electrified: No. of Villages No. N.A.

In all areas No. of Towns No. 2 Domestic connections a) One light services(free) No. 481

b) Light, fan and small power No. 7,691

3 Commercial connections No. 2,692

4 Agricultural connections No. 3

5 Industrial connections a) H.T.Lines No. 2 b) L.T.Lines No. 154 6 Street Lights No. 2,755

Source: Electricity Department, 2008-09 - Puducherry The main source of lighting in Mahe district is electricity. Out of total urban households, 99.3 per cent households have electricity as the main source. The households by main sources of lighting in Mahe district according to Census of India2011 is shown below Sl. No Main source of lighting No. of households

Total Rural Urban 1 Electricity 7,150 - 7,150 2 Kerosene 42 - 42 3 Solar energy 2 - 2 4 Other oil 2 - 2 5 Any other N.A. - N.A. 6 No lighting 1 - 1

Total Number of households 7,197 - 7,197 Source: Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets 2011, Puducherry Industry

The level of Industrial activity is quite low in this district. Large and medium Industrial Units have only a meagre presence. The only large scale Industry functioning in this district is the Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mill (NTC) engaged in production of cotton yarn. A total of 712 employees are working in the mill. There are 247 registered Small Scale Units in this region providing Industrial employment. These small scale units are engaged in the production of wooden furniture, bakery products, aerated water, maida, rava, atta, gingely oil, coconut oil, readymade garments, steel furniture, fiber glass products, Textile mill spare parts made out of Aluminum etc., Details of different types of Industrial units registered permanently as on 31.03.2010 are given in the following table.

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Sl. No Description of Manufacture

2009-10

No of Units

No of persons employed

1 2 5 6 1 Food Products 57 346 2 Cotton textiles 4 583

3 Wool, Silk and synthetic fibre textiles N.A. N.A.

4 Jute, Hamp & Masta & Textiles N.A. N.A. 5 Hosiery & Garments 39 221 6 Wood products 32 160 7 Paper & Printing 12 40 8 Leather Products 4 17 9 Rubber & Plastics 10 57 10 Chemical & Chemical Products 25 58 11 Non-metallic mineral Products 7 81 12 Metal Products 14 80 13 Machinery & Parts 19 92 14 Transport equipment and parts 1 3 15 Miscellaneous 10 82 16 Personal Services & Hotel Project 13 126 17 Repairing & Services 2 32 Total 249 2018 Source: Directorate of Industries and Commerce, 2009-10, Puducherry

Transport and Communication: Transport and Communication facilities are considered as administrative

necessity as well as public convenience. Moreover; a well-knit transportation system is a pre-requisite for the social and economic development of any district. Mahe has good connectivity to all the neighboring cities with all-weather roads. There is no Railway station and Airport in this region. But a railway station in neighboring village (Azhiyur) of Kerala state is named as Mahe railway station and it is situated at a distance of 2 Kms from Mahe. Airport near to Mahe district is in Calicut International airport, which in Karipur in Malapuram district of Kerala state. It is 93Kms away from Mahe.

i) Transport:

The district has an adequate number of public and private vehicles for meeting the present transportation requirements. Mahe district have frequent bus transport facility. Apart from the bus transport facility, car and auto services are also available for public in the district. The total number of vehicles registered in the Transport Department in Mahe district up to 2008-09 is 6655 of which 623 are transport vehicles and 6032 are Non-Transport vehicles. The Transport Vehicles shown are the vehicles for hire purposes and the Non-Transport Vehicles are used for own purposes. The Number of Motor Vehicles in use as on 31st March 2009 is given in the following table.

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Sl. No

Type of Vehicles Number of vehicles 2008-09

1 2 3 A Transport Vehicles I Multi-axled /Articulated Vehicles 2 II Trucks and Lorries 273 III Light Motor Vehicles ( Goods) a) Four Wheelers 24 b) Three Wheelers 81 Total 105

IV Buses a)Stage carriages 18 b)Contract carriages 3 c) Private Service Vehicles 3 d) Other Buses 1 Total 25

V Taxies a) Motor Cabs 1 b) Maxi Cabs 0 c) Other Taxis 35 Total 36

VI Light Motor Vehicles (Passengers) a) Three Seaters 182 b) Four to Six Seaters 0 Total 182 Grand Total (I - IV) 6,23

B Non-Transport Vehicles 1.Two Wheelers 3,492 2.Cars 2,258 3.Jeeps 152 4. Omni Buses 99 5. Van 5 6.Tractors 3 7.Trailors 5 8.Others 18 Total B 6,032 Grand Total (Transport & Non- Transport Vehicles) 6,655

Source: Transport Department, 2008-09, Puducherry a) Road:

There is a National Highways passing through Mahe for a distance of 1.988 kms, connecting Poozhithala and Mahe Bridge. Out of 131 kms motorable road in Mahe, 105.230 kms length is maintained by Mahe Municipality, while the other 25.695 kms. Length is under the maintenance of state PWD. The information regarding length of roads available in Mahe District as on 31st March 2009 is given in the following table.

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Sl. No

Item/Details Length of Road (in Kms.)

1 Length of Roads (P.W.D) (a) National highways 1.988 (b) State Highways 1.478 (c) Major District Roads & 22.290

Other District Roads (d) Rural Roads 0.000

2 Length of Roads 105.230 (Municipalities)

3 Length of Roads 0.000 (Commune Panchayat)

Source: Public Works Department, 2008-09, Puducherry

ii) Communication A good telecom infrastructure including Postal, Telephone, Mobile and Internet services is established in Mahe district. a) Postal There are 4 Post Offices in Mahe District. Out of 4 one is sub-post office and 3 are Branch post offices. The Postal Index Number (PIN code) of Mahe district is 673 310. The sub post office is located in Mahe town and the Branch post offices are functioning in Naluthara, Pallor, and Pandakal. b) Telephone, Mobile and Internet facility:

Number of Households having Landline phones, Mobile phones and Both as per Census 2011 in the Mahe district are given below:

Sl.No Item Total Rural Urban

1 2 3 4 5

1 Telephone 777 0 777

2 Mobile 2,954 0 2,954

3 Both 3,182 0 3,182 Source: Houses, Household Amenities and Assets, Census of India, 2011, Puducherry.

Number of Households in Mahe district having Computers/Laptops with/without internet and as per Census 2011 is given below:

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Sl. No

Item Number of Households

1 2 3 1 Computer/Laptop a) With internet 574 b) Without internet 910

Source: Houses, Household Amenities and Assets, Census of India, 2011, Puducherry.

Banks and Credit Societies: In Mahe district, 5 Nationalized Banks, 3 Commercial banks and 2 Co-

operative banks serve for the local people. Apart from the commercial banks, there are 2 credit societies and 25 non-credit societies also functioning in the district.

Social Welfare:

Many welfare programmes are being implemented in the district covering different target groups, namely, physically disabled, senior citizens, Adi-Dravidars and women. Special attention is paid on effective implementation of urban poverty alleviation programme. Funds available through the banking sector are also being utilized towards implementation of economic development schemes dovetailed with state subsidy for various downtrodden groups of the society like women, SCs, backward classes and disabled and promotion of self-employment schemes for educated unemployed youths. Implementation of various welfare schemes would also contribute indirectly towards upliftment of many poor families above the poverty line. The details of no. of social welfare homes and inmates of the homes in Mahe district during the year 2008-09 are given in the following table.

Sl. No

Social Welfare Homes No. of Institutions

No. of inmates

1 2 3 4 1 Home for Orthopedically

handicapped - -

2 Observation Home and Special school for Juvenile Delinquents

- -

3 Beggar Home - - 4 Special School for Blind and mutes - - 5 Home for blind - - 6 Home for Aged and Infirm 1 11 7 Hostel for Working women - - 8 Hostel for BC students - - 9 Home for Mentally Retarded - - 10 Voluntary Organizations (licensed) - -

Total 1 11 Source: Directorate of Social Welfare, 2008-09, Puducherry

Government has implemented various welfare schemes to Children of age from 6 months to 6 years, Pregnant Women, Lactating Mothers, Adolescent girls etc.,

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and also provides monthly financial assistance to Old Age Persons, Destitute Women and Physically Handicapped persons. There are 12 Anganwadi centres to cater services for women and children beneficiaries in this district. The number of beneficiaries in Mahe district during the year 2008-09 is given in the following table. Sl. No.

Schemes Year

2007-08 2008-09

1 2 3 4

1 Old Age Pension 1288 1478

2 Widows Pension 1349 1446

3 Unmarried Women 250 273

4 Deserted Women 50 75

5 Eunuchs N.A. N.A.

6 Physically Handicapped 437 462 Source: Dept. of Women & Child Development, 2008-09, Puducherry Major Social and Cultural Events of Mahe district:

Encompassing a total area of 9 sq. km. the district of Mahe bears relics to the glorious French rule of Puducherry. The Mahe district which is a part of Puducherry UT, though a former French position, is an integral part of Kerala State in customs, habits and religious practices. Majority of the population of this district are Hindus followed by Muslims and Christians. Major festivals of Hindus of this district are Vishu and Onam. Muslims celebrate Ramzan, Bakrid, Muharram, Milad-un-Nabi while Christians celebrate Christmas. Apart from the above mentioned major festivals of the Hindu Religious Community of the district celebrate ‘Thira Festival ’ which is conducted in four places – Koyyodan Koroth at Palloor from 15th to 17th of Malayalam month of Makaram (January – February, Mahe Puthalam at Mahe from 22nd to 25th of Kumbham (February – March), Pando Koolam on 30th Meenam and 1st Medam (March, April and Pando Kavu) at the same time. Theyyatam, a corrupt deviation of ‘Deiva Attam’ which in anglicized form is termed the ‘Devil Dance’, is an event peculiar to Malabar Region of Kerala in which Mahe exists. The origin of the Theyyatam also known as Thira Festival is lost in obscurity, but the cultural advancement of the people and the more radical changes in outlook, customs and manners have not been able to completely efface superstition and it is believed from the earliest of times that Thira or Theyyatam is one mode of religious worship in appeasement of demons and devils and as a sort of production against their evil and destructive influence.

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Koyyodan Koroth is an ancient Nayar tarwad and the conduct of this festival has been in existence for a number of years. The deities associated with this Thira are :

1. Kuttichathan, a Vaishnavite deity 2. Gulikan, a Saivite deity 3. Ghasntakarnan, a Saivite deity 4. Uchchitta Bhagavathi , a Vaishnavite Goddess 5. Chamundi 6. Karanavar – a deified ancestor

Mahe Puthalam is a well known tarwad of the Thiyyas. Tholan Moopan of this family is stated to have been the first Administrator of Mahe. The Puthalam Shrine is the first one dedicated to this form of worship in Mahe. The deities worshiped at this place are

1. Pookkuttichathan, a Vaishnavite deity 2. Pampoori 3. Gulikan 4. Marpoliyan 5. Thalachuzian 6. Durga Bhagavathi

Pando Kookam and Pando Kavu are two Nayar tarwads. Goddess Paradevata and God Cherukkan, two Saivite deities are worshipped in the former shrine whereas in the latter, Lord Ayyappan is worshipped. It is, however, to be observed that these ancient customs and festivities are fast dying out, even though the celebration is regular in the Mahe area, partly due to the political impact on the masses and partly due to the economic conditions. These festivals played a very important role in the life of the villages and even to this day, persons who cling to the old orthodox and conservative notions and ideas have a tinge of regret for the non-observance of these customary mode of worship.

The annual feast of the venerated shrine of St. Teresa of Avila at Mahe is an important festival of the Christians. The St. Theresa Church is located in the heart of Mahe town which celebrates a festival in October every year. This shrine appears to have been erected in December 1736. A small wooden statute of St. Teresa, which is considered to be as miraculous as it is ancient. It is stated that it is unlike in appearance to the statues of St. Teresa which are seen elsewhere to day. Two stories are current about the origin of this statue. One is that it was carried along with west coast, in a ship which stopped when it reached Mahe, and the crew realizing that it was the will of the saint to have it installed there, unloaded it at Mahe for public veneration. The other is that it was caught in a fisherman’s fishnet in the sea near Mahe. This miraculous statue which is safely preserved in the Church is exposed for public veneration only once in a year during the time of the annual feast in the month of October and it is to this that strange devotion of people of all religious denominations – Christians, Muslims and Hindus - is directed.

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Brief description of places of religious, Historical and Archaeological

importance and places of tourist interests in Mahe district:

Endowed with a rich historical past Mahe district is blessed with several places of tourist interests. Some of the notable tourist destination of Mahe are St. George Fort – one of the important land marks of the district Mahe, St. George Church represents the glorious historical antecedents of the bygone French rule Cherukkalayi Kunnu, Mt. Veera – the bewitching beauty of Cherukallayi Kunnu in Mount Veera casts a magical spell on the tourists. Mahe boasts of enriched cultural ancestry that has penetrated from the ancient times to the modern era.

The temples in Mahe district are mostly dedicated to Kuttichathans and Bhagavathis. Puthalam Bhagavathi temple conducts ‘Thiraiyattam” and “Thira” which is a kind of dance of ancient art coupled with divinity are worth mentioning.

Puzhakal Juma Masjidh is the oldest mosque standing on the bank of Mahe

river which was constructed in 16th century. The peculiar feature of this masjid is that its frontal has the appearance of a Hindu Temple.

The St. Theresa Church, located in the heart of Mahe town. It would surprise

a visitor to this shrine to see that, situated in an essentially non – Christian locality, it has been and is being fostered and kept up by the St. devotees the majority of whom are non – Christians viz., Hindus and Muslims. St. Theresa is for them the Mother of Mahe, and has been for the two centuries and more the patroness guide and devoted mother whom they invoke in all their trials, tribulations and afflictions.

Azhimukham is the estuary of Mayyazhi River and Arabian sea. The

picturesque location of Mahe which flanked by blue wavy ocean and rippling Mayyazhi river is a worth seeing. Tagore Park and Government House are situated here. There is a statue namely Marianne is in Tagore Park. Marianne is an imaginary character established by the French for the 100th anniversary of French revolution. The slogan Liberty, Equality and Fraternity are enshrined on the statue in French.

Remnants of two forts are still existing in Mahe, namely Othenan’s Fort and

St. George Fort. The first one is situated on the right side of Mahe Civil Station and the second one is on the highest hill of Cherukalai.

Major Characteristics of Mahe district Encompassing a total area of 9 sq. km., the district of Mahe bears relics to the glorious French rule of Puducherry Union Territory. Mahe is the one of burgeoning trade and commerce centres of Puducherry. The district is equipped with good infrastructural amenities. The districts presents a harmonious blend of agricultural growth and industrial productivity. Located to the west of the Indian peninsula, the fertile land of Mahe is suitable for cultivating various kinds of crops like paddy, coconut, black pepper, tapioca and banana.

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The cultivation of good quality crops enables the district to earn a large amount of revenue. Mahe supports small scale, cottage and medium scale industries that forms the backbone of the economy of the district. Handicrafts and coir making are important industries of Mahe that enables the local inhabitants to earn their livelihood. Fisheries and Animal Husbandry are other important source of generating income for the indigenous population of Mahe.

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CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Census concepts Building: A ‘Building’ is generally a single structure on the ground. Usually a structure will have four walls and a roof. Sometimes it is made up of more than one component unit which are used or likely to be used as dwellings (residences) or establishments such as shops, business houses, offices, factories, workshops, work sheds, Schools, places of entertainment, places of worship, godowns, stores etc. It is also possible that building which have component units may be used for a combination of purposes such as shop-cum-residence, workshop-cum-residence, office-cum-residence etc. But in some areas the very nature of construction of houses is such that there may not be any wall. Such is the case of conical structures where entrance is also provided but they may not have any walls. Therefore, such of the conical structures are also treated as separate buildings. Pucca houses: Houses, the walls and roof of which are made of permanent materials. The material of walls can be any one from the following, namely, Stones (duly packed with lime or cement mortar), G.I/metal/ asbestos sheets, Burnt bricks, Cement bricks, Concrete. Roof may be made of from any one of the following materials, namely, Machine-made tiles, Cement tiles, Burnt bricks, Cement bricks, Stone, Slate, G.I/Metal/Asbestos sheets, Concrete. Such houses are treated as Pucca house. Kutcha houses: Houses in which both walls and roof are made of materials, which have to be replaced frequently. Walls may be made from any one of the following temporary materials, namely, grass, Unburnt bricks, bamboos, mud, grass, reeds, thatch, plastic /polythene, loosed packed stone, etc. Such houses are treated as Kutcha house. Dwelling Room: A room is treated as a dwelling room if it has walls with a doorway and a roof and should be wide and long enough for a person to sleep in, i.e. it should have a length of not less than 2 meters and a breadth of at least 1.5 meters and a height of 2 meters. A dwelling room would include living room, bedroom, dining room, drawing room, study room, servant’s room and other habitable rooms. Kitchen, bathroom, latrine, store room, passageway and verandah which are not normally usable for living are not considered as dwelling rooms. A room, used for multipurpose such as sleeping, sitting, dining, storing, cooking, etc., is regarded as a dwelling room. In a situation where a census house is used as a shop or office., etc., and the household also stays in it then the room is not considered as a dwelling room. But if a garage or servant quarter is used by a servant and if she/ he also lives in it as a separate household then this has been considered as a dwelling room available to the servant’s household. Tent or conical shaped hut if used for living by any household is also considered as dwelling room. A dwelling room, which is shared by more than one household, has not been counted for any of them. If two households have a dwelling room each but in addition also share a common dwelling room, then the common room has not been counted for either of the households.

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Census House : A ‘census house’ is a building or part of a building used or recognized as a separate unit because of having a separate main entrance from the road or common courtyard or staircase, etc. It may be occupied or vacant. It may be used for residential or non- residential purpose or both. If a building has a number of Flats or Blocks/Wings, which are independent of one another having separate entrances of their own from the road or a common staircase or a common courtyard leading to a main gate, these are considered as a separate Census house. Village: The basic unit for rural areas is the revenue village, which has definite surveyed boundaries. The revenue village may comprise of one or more hamlets but the entire village is treated as one unit for presentation of data. In un surveyed areas, like villages within forest areas, each habitation area with locally recognized boundaries is treated as one village. Rural-Urban area: The data in the census are presented separately for rural and urban areas. The unit of classification in this regard is ‘town’ for urban areas and ‘village’ for rural areas. The urban area comprises two types of towns viz; Statutory towns and Census towns. In the Census of India 2011, the definition of urban area adopted is as follows: (a) Statutory Towns : All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc. are known as statutory towns. (b) Census owns: All other places satisfying the following three criteria simultaneously are treated as Census Towns. i) A minimum population of 5,000; ii) At least 75 per cent of male working population engaged in non- agricultural pursuits; and iii) A density of population of at least 400 per sq. km. (1,000 per sq. mile)

For identification of places which would qualify to be classified as ‘urban’ all villages, which, as per the 2001 Census had a population of 4,000 and above, a population density of 400 persons per sq. km. and having at least 75 per cent of male working population engaged in non-agricultural activity were considered. To work out the proportion of male working population referred to above against b) (ii), the data relating to main workers were taken into account. In addition the above stated towns, urban areas also constitutes of OGs which are the parts of UAs.

Urban Agglomeration: An Urban Agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together with or without urban outgrowths of such towns. In some cases, railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, military camps etc. may come up near a statutory town outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limits of a village or villages contiguous to the town. Each such individual area by itself may not satisfy the minimum population limit to qualify it to be treated as an independent urban unit but may qualify to be clubbed with the exiting town as their continuous urban spread (i.e., an Out

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Growth). Each such town together with its outgrowth(s) is treated as an integrated urban area and is designated as an ‘urban agglomeration’. For the purpose of delineation of Urban Agglomerations during Census of India 2011, following criteria has been adopted: (a) The core town or at least one of the constituent towns of an urban agglomeration should necessarily be a statutory town; and

(b) The total population of an Urban Agglomeration (i.e. all the constituents put together) should not be less than 20,000 as per the 2001 Census. In varying local conditions, there were similar other combinations which have been treated as urban agglomerations satisfying the basic condition of contiguity. Out Growth (OG): The outgrowth is a viable unit such as a village or a hamlet or an enumeration block and clearly identifiable in terms of its boundaries and location. While determining the outgrowth of a town, it has been ensured that it possesses the urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities such as pucca roads, electricity, taps, drainage system for disposal of waste water etc., educational institutions, post offices, medical facilities, banks etc. and physically contiguous with the core town of the UA. City: Towns with population of 100,000 and above are called cities. Household: A ‘household’ is usually a group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing so. Persons in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group of unrelated persons live in a census house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then they are not constituent of a common household. Each such person was to be treated as a separate household. The important link in finding out whether it was a household or not was a common kitchen/common cooking. There may be one member households, two member households or multi-member households. Institutional Household: A group of unrelated persons who live in an institution and take their meals from a common kitchen is called an Institutional Household. Examples of Institutional Households are boarding houses, messes, hostels, hotels, rescue homes, observation homes, beggars’ homes, jails, ashrams, old age homes, children homes, orphanages, etc. To make the definition more clearly perceptible to the enumerators at the Census 2011, it was specifically mentioned that this category or households would cover only those households where a group of unrelated persons live in an institution and share a common kitchen. Houseless household : Households who do not live in buildings or census houses but live in the open or roadside, pavements, in hume pipes, under flyovers and staircases, or in the open in places of worship, mandaps, railway platforms, etc., are treated as Houseless Households. Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes: The list of SCs and STs applicable in the Puducherry UT is given hereunder:-

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List of Scheduled Castes – Puducherry UT 1 Adi Andhra 2 Adi Dravida 3 Chakkiliyan 4 Jambuvulu

5 Kuravan 6 Madiga 7 Mala, Mala Masti 8 Paky

9 Pallan 10 Parayan, Sambavar 11 Samban 12 Thoti

13 Valluvan 14 Vetan 15 Vettiyan 16 Puthirai Vannan

List of Scheduled Tribes-Puducherry UT No Scheduled Tribe is notified in Puducherry UT as per the Presidential Order. Language and Mother tongue: As per the census concept, each language is a group of mother tongues. The census questionnaire collects information on the mother tongue of each person. Mother tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. If the mother died in infancy, the language mainly spoken in the person’s home in childhood will be the mother tongue. In the case of infants and deaf mutes, the language usually spoken by the mother is considered as mother tongue. It is not necessary that the language spoken as mother tongue should have a script. The mother tongues returned by the respondents in census are classified and grouped under appropriate languages according to their linguistic characteristics. Literate: A person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is taken as literate. A person who can only read but cannot write is not literate. It is not necessary that to be considered as literate, a person should have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard. Literacy could have been achieved through adult literacy classes or through any non-formal educational system. People who are blind and can read in Braille are treated as literates.

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Literacy rate: Literacy rate of the population is defined as the percentage of literates in the age-group seven years and above. For different age-groups the percentage of literates in that age-group gives the literacy rate. Educational level: The highest level of education a person has completed. Work: Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit. Such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of work. It even includes part time help or unpaid work on farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. All persons engaged in ‘work’ as defined above are workers. The main point to note is that the activity should be economically productive. Reference period for determining a person as worker and non-worker is one year preceding the date of enumeration. Main worker: A person who has worked for major part of the reference period (i.e. six months or more during the last one year preceding the date of enumeration) in any economically productive activity is termed as ‘Main worker’. Marginal worker: A person who worked for 3 months or less but less than six months of the reference period (i.e. in the last one year preceding the date of enumeration) in any economic activity is termed as ‘Marginal worker’. Non-worker: A person who has not worked at all in any economically productive activity during the reference period (i.e. last one year preceding the date of enumeration) is termed as ‘Non worker’. Cultivator: For purposes of the Census, a person is classified as cultivator if he or she is engaged in cultivation of land owned or from government or from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation also includes effective supervision or direction in cultivation. Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing, harvesting and production of cereals and millet crops such as wheat, paddy, jowar, bajra, ragi, etc., and other crops such as sugarcane, tobacco, ground-nuts, tapioca, etc., and pulses, raw jute and kindred fiber crop, cotton, cinchona and other medicinal plants, fruit growing, vegetable growing or keeping orchards or groves, etc. Cultivation does not include the plantation crops like– tea, coffee, rubber, coconut and betel nuts (areca). The workers engaged in Plantation crops are recorded under “other workers”.

Agricultural labourer: A person who works on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or share is regarded as an agricultural labourer. She/he has no risk in the cultivation, but merely works on another person’s land for wages. An agricultural labourer has no right of lease or contract on land on which she/he works. Household industry worker: Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and only within the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas. The larger proportion of workers in household

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industry should consist of members of the household. The industry should not be run on the scale of a registered factory which would qualify or has to be registered under the Indian Factories Act and should be engaged in manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs of goods. The activity relate to production, processing, servicing, repairing or making and selling of goods. It does not include professions such as a pleader, Doctor, Musician, Dancer, Waterman, Astrologer, Dhobi, Barber, etc. or merely trade or business, even if such professions, trade or services are run at home by members of the household. Other worker: A person, who has been engaged in some economic activity during the last year of reference period but not as a cultivator or agricultural labourer or worker in Household Industry. The type of workers that come under this category include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport, banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In fact, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural labourers or household industry workers are ‘Other Workers’. Work participation rate: Percentage of Workers (Main + Marginal) to total population. Population density: Population density is the number of persons inhabited per square kilometer of the area. Age: Age is measured in terms of the completed number of years. Sex Ratio: Number of females per 1,000 males in a population. Non-Census Concepts Civic status of urban units: Civic Status of a town/city is determined on the basis of Civic Administrative Authority of the town e.g., Municipal Corporation / Corporation, Municipal Committee / Municipal council, Municipality etc. Size class of U.A./town: Size-class of U.A./Town is based on the population size of the U.A./City/Town. U.A.s/Towns with 100,000 and above population are classified as Class I U.A.s/ Towns. Towns with 50,000 to 99,999 population are classified as Class II towns, 20,000 to 49,999 population are Class III towns, population with 10,000- 19,999 are Class IV towns, population with 5,000 and 9,999 are Class V towns and towns with less than 5,000 population are Class VI towns. Slum area : The Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance) Act, 1956, which was enacted by the Central Government defined slums as (a) Areas where buildings are in any respect unfit for human habitation; or (b) are by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation, light or sanitation facilities, or any combination of these factors, are detrimental to safety, health or morals.

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Mega city : The concept of ‘Mega city’ is a recent phenomenon in the Urban Sociology and is defined in term of metropolitan city in the form of large size, problem of management of civic amenities and capacity to absorb the relatively high growth of population. Indian Census in 1991 treated the population size of 5 million and above as the cutoff point to identify a place as the mega city. Whereas, for the purpose of inclusion in Centrally Sponsored Scheme for Infrastructure Development in Mega cities the Ministry of Urban Affairs and employment, Department of Urban Development adopted the criteria of 4 million and above population as per 1991 Census for Mega Cities. In 2001 Census, cities with 10 million and above population have been treated as Mega cities and the same criteria of population has been adopted in 2011 census.

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2011 CENSUS FINDINGS

MAHE DISTRICT

Population and its distribution

• Mahe is located 650 kms away from Puducherry, the Head Quarters of the

Union Territory on the coast of Arabian Sea in Kannur district of Kerala.

• As per Census of India 2011, total population of Mahe district is 41,816 comprising 19,143 males and 22,673 females. Population of the district accounts for 3.35 per cent of the total population of the Puducherry UT and ranks fourth in terms of population among the 4 districts of the Union Territory.

• Mahe district has been entirely urban district since 1991 Census.

• Total population of Mahe District has increased by 4,988 persons from 36,828 in 2001 to 41,816 in 2011 registering a decadal growth rate of 13.54 per cent.

• Mahe district consists of one Taluk namely Mahe Taluk which is co-

terminus with district boundary.

• Mahe district has only one town namely Mahe (M) which is co-terminus with district and taluk boundaries.

• Entire Mahe district is notified as Municipality. Mahe (M) falls within the town size class III of the population range of 20,000 – 49,999.

• Mahe District has the highest density of population among the districts in

Union Territory. The density of population of the district is worked out to 4646 persons per Sq. Km., which was 4092 persons per Sq.Km. in 2001.

• Female population has outnumbered Male population in the district. Sex

ratio of the district has significantly improved by 37 sex ratio points from 1147 females per 1000 males in 2001 to 1184 females per 1000 males in 2011 Census.

• (0-6) Child Sex ratio has also considerably increased from 910 in 2001 to

978 in 2011 Census in the district.

• Effective Literacy rate of the district has significantly improved by 2.3 percentage points during the last decade from 95.7 in 2001 to 98.0 in 2011. Mahe district has recorded the highest literacy rate in the Union Territory.

31

• Male literacy rate has recorded as 98.6 while the female literacy rate of the district is recorded as 97.2.

• Gender gap in literacy rate has significantly narrowed down from 3.7 in 2001 to 1.4 percentage points in 2011.

• Of the total population of 41,816 in the district as per 2011 Census, 144

persons only have reported as Scheduled Caste. Mahe district has a very low proportion of SC population (0.3 %) to total population among the districts of Union Territory of Puducherry. In 2001 there were 121 SC population in the district.

• No tribe is scheduled in the district as per Presidential order.

• Work Participation rate of the district is recorded as 28.2. Male Work Participation rate is 47.5 while Female Work Participation rate is 12.0.

• Out of 11,802 total workers enumerated, 10,404 (88. 2%) are main workers and 1,398 (11.8 %) are marginal workers.

• In Mahe district 97.5 per cent of total population reported Malayalam as their Mother tongue according to Census 2001 while it was 98.9 per cent in 1991 Census followed by only one per cent of population reported Tamil and Telugu as their Mother Tongue in 2001 Census.

• According to 2011 Census, 66.82 per cent of total population are Hindus followed by Muslims (30.74%) and Christians (2.29%). At 2001 Census also the same trend prevailed. In 2001 Census 66.8 percent of total population of the district were Hindus followed by Muslim (31%) and Christian (2.2%).

Brief Analysis of Primary Census Abstract 2011

(Table 1 to 35)

and Brief Analysis of

Village and Town Directory 2011 (Table 36 to 45)

32

Brief Analysis of Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Table 1 to 35)

Table 1: Decadal change in population of Taluks by residence, 2001-2011

Sl. No. Taluk

Population Percentage decadal variation 2001-2011

Percentage urban

population

2001 2011

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 2001 2011

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 Mahe 36,828 - 36,828 41,816 - 41,816 +13.54 - +13.54 100.00 100.00

Mahe District Total 36,828 - 36,828 41,816 - 41,816 +13.54 - +13.54 100.00 100.00

Mahe Taluk is co-terminus with the district boundary. Entire Mahe district/Taluk is notified as urban/Municipality area. Total population of Mahe Taluk has increased from 36,828 in 2001 to 41,816 persons in 2011 registering the decadal growth rate of 13.54.

Table 2: Number and percentage of inhabited villages in specified population size ranges with the related population, 2011 (Rural)

Sr.N

o.

C.D

. Blo

ck

Tota

l num

ber

of in

habi

ted

villa

ges

Tota

l rur

al p

opul

atio

n

Num

ber

and

perc

enta

ge o

f vill

age

Popu

latio

n le

ss th

an 2

00

Num

ber

and

perc

enta

ge o

f vill

age

Popu

latio

n 20

0 - 4

99

Num

ber

and

perc

enta

ge o

f vill

age

Popu

latio

n 50

0 - 9

99

Num

ber

and

perc

enta

ge o

f vill

age

Popu

latio

n 10

00 -

1999

Num

ber

and

perc

enta

ge o

f vill

age

Popu

latio

n 20

00 -

4999

Num

ber

and

perc

enta

ge o

f vill

age

Popu

latio

n 50

00 -

9999

Num

ber

and

perc

enta

ge o

f vill

age

Popu

latio

n 10

000

and

abov

e

Pers

ons

Mal

es

Fem

ales

Mal

es

Fem

ales

Mal

es

Fem

ales

Mal

es

Fem

ales

Mal

es

Fem

ales

Mal

es

Fem

ales

Mal

es

Fem

ales

Mal

es

Fem

ales

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Mahe District is entirely Urban

33

Table 3: New towns, de-notified, declassified and merged town in 2011 census

(a) New (i) Statutory town NIL

(ii) Census town NIL

(b) Denotified (i) Statutory towns of 2001 census denotified and also did not satisfy the criteria to be treated as census towns.

NIL

(ii) Statutory towns of 2001 census denotified but identified as census towns based on demographic and economic criteria.

NIL

(iii) Census towns of 2001 census are notified as statutory town in 2011 census. NIL

(c ) Declassified NIL

(d) Wholly merged with other town(s). NIL

*Declassified means the census towns of 2001 census which failed to satisfy the demographic and economic criteria.

Entire Mahe is notified as a single town, namely Mahe Municipality and hence this table is shown with “NIL”.

Table 4: Sex ratio of the Union Territory and District, 1901-2011

Census Year Puducherry UT Mahe District

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1901 - - - - - - 1911 1058 1058 - 1128 1128 - 1921 1053 1053 - 1210 1210 - 1931 - - - - - - 1941 - - - - - - 1951 1030 1030 - 1145 1145 - 1961 1013 1001 1053 1175 1192 1150 1971 989 984 996 1169 1183 1148 1981 985 977 992 1143 1142 1144 1991 979 970 985 1156 - 1156 2001 1001 990 1006 1147 - 1147 2011 1037 1028 1042 1184 - 1184

Note :- Sex ratio has been defined here as the number of females per 1000 males. Sex Ratio is not available for the Census Years 1901, 1931 and 1941. Mahe District is entirely urban since from Census 1991.

In Mahe district female population has always constantly been outnumbering the Male population since from 1911. Sex ratio of Total population of Mahe district is 1184 as per census 2011, which significantly higher than that of Puducherry UT as well as urban areas of Puducherry UT.

34

Table 5: Sex ratio by Sub-district, 2011

Sr.No. Name of Sub-district Sex ratio Total Rural Urban

1 2 3 4 5

1

Mahe Taluk

1184 0 1184

District: Mahe

1184 0 1184

Mahe district has only one taluk namely Mahe which is co-terminus with district boundary. Entire taluk is urban. It may be seen from the above table that female population of the Taluk / district outnumbered the Male population. There are 1184 females per 1000 males in the district/taluk as per Census 2011.

Table 6: Sex ratio by CD Blocks, 2011

Sr.No. Name of CD block Sex ratio

1 2 3

Mahe District is entirely Urban

Table 7: Sex ratio of rural population by ranges, 2011

Range of sex ratio for villages

Number of inhabited villages

Percentage of villages in each

range

Population 2011 Percentage distribution of population

1 2 3 4 5

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 8: Sex ratio of towns, 2011

Sr.No.

Name of town

Urban status of town

Sex ratio

1 2 3 4

1

Mahe (M)

Municipality 1184

Sex ratio (Urban) district:

1184

35

Mahe district has only one town namely Mahe Municipality which con-terminus with district boundary. No rural area is classified in the district. Sex Ratio of the Mahe (M) is 1184 females per 1000 males, which is significantly higher than that of urban areas of Puducherry UT (1042).

Table 9: Sex ratio of population in the age group 0-6 for Sub-district, 2011

Sr.No. Name of Sub-district Total / Rural / Urban Total population in 0-6 age group

Sex ratio for 0-6 age group

Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Mahe Taluk Total 4553 2302 2251 978

Rural 0 0 0 0 Urban 4553 2302 2251 978

District: Mahe Total 4553 2302 2251 978

Rural 0 0 0 0 Urban 4553 2302 2251 978

According to Census 2011, there are 4553 children in the 0-6 age group, out of which 2302 are male children and the rest of 2251 are female children. Sex ratio for (0-6) age group child population in the Mahe district/Taluk is 978 which is significantly lower than that of sex ratio of total population (1184) of the district/Taluk.

Table 10: Sex ratio of population in the age group 0-6 for CD Blocks, 2011

Sr.No. Name of CD Block Total population in 0-6 age group

Sex ratio for 0-6

age group Persons

Males

Females

1 2 3 4 5 6

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 11 : Sex ratio of rural population in the age group 0-6 by ranges, 2011

Range of sex ratio for villages Number of inhabited villages

Percentage distribution of

villages

Population 2011 Percentage distribution of

population

1 2 3 4 5

Mahe District is entirely urban

36

Table 12: Sex ratio of population in the age group 0-6 of towns, 2011

Sr.No. Name of town Urban status of town

Total population in 0-6 age group Sex ratio for 0-6

age group Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1

Mahe (M)

(M)

4553

2302

2251

978

District (Urban): Mahe

4553 2302 2251 978

Entire Mahe district is Mahe Municipality. As per Census 2011, sex ratio of (0-6) age group child population of Mahe (M) is 978, which is significantly lower than that of urban areas of Puducherry U.T (1042).

Table 13: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes population in

Sub-districts, 2011

Sr.No. Name of Sub-District

Total/ Rural/ Urban

Total population

Total scheduled

castes population

Total scheduled

tribes population

Percentage of scheduled

castes population to

total population

Percentage of scheduled

tribes population to

total population

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Mahe Taluk Total 41816 144 0 0.34 0

Rural 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 41816 144 0 0.34 0

Mahe District Total 41816 144 0 0.34 0

Rural 0 0 0 0 0 Urban 41816 144 0 0.34 0

As stated in the earlier statement, Mahe Taluk is co-terminus with Mahe district. According to Census 2011 there are 41,816 persons in the district/Taluk, out of which 144 persons have reported Scheduled Castes. The proportion of SC population in Mahe district works out to 0.34 per cent.

Table 14: Number and percentage of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (rural)

population in CD Blocks, 2011

Sr.No. Name of CD Block Total population

Total scheduled

castes population

Total scheduled

tribes population

Percentage of scheduled castes

population to total population

Percentage of scheduled tribes

population to total population

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mahe District is entirely urban

37

Table 15: Proportion of Scheduled Castes population to total population in villages, 2011

Percentage range of scheduled castes population to total population

Number of villages

Percentage Scheduled castes population

Percentage

1 2 3 4 5

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 16: Proportion of Scheduled Tribes population to total population in villages, 2011

Percentage range of

scheduled tribes population to total population

Number of villages

Percentage

Scheduled tribes

population

Percentage

1 2 3 4 5

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 17: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes population in towns, 2011

Sr.No.

Name of town

Total Population

Total

scheduled castes

population

Total

scheduled tribes

population

Percentage of

scheduled castes population to

total population

Percentage of

scheduled tribes population to

total population

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1

Mahe (M)

41816

144

0

0.34

0

District (Urban) : Mahe

41816 144 0 0.34 0

According to Census 2011, total population of Mahe Municipality is 41816 out of which 144 are Scheduled Caste population with the proportion of 0.34 per cent to total population of the district. As per the Presidential Order, no Tribe is scheduled in Puducherry U.T. and hence no tribe is enumerated in the district during Census 2011.

38

Table 18: Sex ratio among scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (rural) in CD Blocks, 2011

Sr.No. Name of C.D.block Scheduled castes sex ratio Scheduled tribes sex ratio

1 2 3 4

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 19: Sex ratio among scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in towns, 2011

Sr.No. Name of town Scheduled castes sex ratio

Scheduled tribes sex ratio

1 2 3 4

1

Mahe (M)

870 -

District (Urban): Mahe

870 -

As per Census 2011, Sex ratio of Scheduled Caste population in Mahe(M) is 870 females per 1000 males, which is significantly lower than that of total population of Puducherry UT (1142) and SC Population of Puducherry UT. There is no Scheduled Tribe in the district/Municipality as per Presidential Order.

Table 20: Number of literates and illiterates, percentage of literates by sex in sub-districts,

2011 Sr.No

.

Name of Sub-district

Total/ Rural/ Urban

Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates Gap in male-

female literacy

rate

Number of literates Number of illiterates

Persons Males Females

Persons

Males Females

Persons

Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 Mahe Taluk Total 36470 16610 19860 5346 2533 2813 87.22 86.77 87.59 1.38

Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban 36470 16610 19860 5346 2533 2813 87.22 86.77 87.59 1.38

District: Mahe Total 36470 16610 19860 5346 2533 2813 87.22 86.77 87.59 1.38

Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Urban 36470 16610 19860 5346 2533 2813 87.22 86.77 87.59 1.38 According to Census 2011, literacy rate of Total population in Mahe district is 87.22. It may be observed from the above Table that female literacy rate of

39

females 87.6 per cent is marginally higher than the Male literacy rate of 86.8 per cent in the district.

Table 21: Number of literates and illiterates, percentage of literates by sex in CD Blocks (rural), 2011

Sr.No.

Name of CD Block

Number of literates and illiterates

Percentage of literates

Gap in male-

female literacy

rate

Number of literates

Number of illiterates

Persons

Males

Females

Persons

Males

Females

Persons

Males

Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 22: Distribution of villages by literacy rate range, 2011

Range of literacy rate for villages

Number of inhabited villages

Percentage distribution of

villages

Population Percentage distribution of

population

1 2 3 4 5

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 23: Number of literates and illiterates, percentage of literates by sex in towns, 2011

Sr. No.

Name of town

Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates Gap in male-female literacy

rate

Number of literates Number of illiterates

Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1

Mahe (M)

36470 16610 19860 5346 2533 2813 87.22 86.77 87.59 1.38

District (Urban):

Mahe

36470

16610

19860

5346

2533

2813

87.22

86.77

87.59

1.38

40

According to Census 2011, Mahe (M) has registered 87.2 per cent literacy rate of total population. Male literacy rate of 86.8 per cent is significantly 1.38 percentage point lower than that of female literacy rate (87.6%) in the Municipality. Table 24: Number of Scheduled Castes literates and illiterates, percentage of literates by sex

in CD Blocks. 2011

Sr.No.

Name of CD Block

Number of literates and illiterates

Percentage of literates

Gap in male-female literacy

rate

Number of literates

Number of illiterates

Persons

Males

Females

Persons

Males

Females

Persons

Males

Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 25: Distribution of villages by literacy rate range for Scheduled Castes population (rural),

Range of literacy rate for villages

Number of inhabited villages having Scheduled castes

Percentage distribution of villages

Scheduled castes population

Percentage distribution of population

1 2 3 4 5

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 26: Number of scheduled castes literates and illiterates, percentage of literates by sex in towns, 2011

Sr.No.

Name of Town

Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates

Gap in male-female literacy

rate

Number of literates

Number of illiterates

Persons Males

Females Persons Males

Females Persons

Males

Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1

Mahe (M)

124

66

58

20

11

9

86.11

85.71

86.57

2.23

District:

Mahe

124

66

58

20

11

9

86.11

85.71

86.57

2.23

41

As per Census 2011, a total of 144 persons as enumerated as Scheduled Castes in Mahe district/ Municipality. Out of 144 SC population, 124 persons reported as literates and the rest of 20 persons reported as illiterates. It may be seen from the Table 26, Literacy rate among Scheduled Caste population in the district is recorded as 86.1 percent, out of which Male literacy rate is 85.7 percent and female literacy rate is 86.6 per cent. Female literacy level (86.6%) is more than that of male population (85.7%) in the district / Municipality. Gender Gap in male-female literacy rate is significantly very low (2.2 percent) in the district/Municipality.

Table 27: Number and percentage of Scheduled Tribes literates and illiterates by sex in C.D.Blocks, 2011

Sl.No. Name of C.D. Block

Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates Gap in male-female literacy rate

Number of literates Number of illiterates

Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

There is no Scheduled Tribe recognized in the Puducherry UT

Table 28: Distribution of villages by literacy rate range for Scheduled Tribes population, 2011

Range of literacy rate for villages

Number of inhabited villages Percentage distribution of villages

Scheduled Tribes

Population

Percentage distribution of population

1 2 3 4 5

There is no Scheduled Tribe recognized in the Puducherry UT

Table 29: Number and percentage of Scheduled Tribes literates and illiterates by sex in Towns,

2011

Sl.No. Name of Town

Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates Gap in male-female literacy rate

Number of literates Number of illiterates

Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

There is no Scheduled Tribe recognized in the Puducherry UT

42

Table 30: Number and percentage of main workers, marginal workers, and non-workers by sex in taluks, 2011

Sr. No.

Name of taluk

Persons/ Males/ Females

Total popula

tion

Main workers Marginal workers

Total workers (main and marginal

workers)

Non workers

Number % Number %

Number % Number %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Mahe Taluk

Persons 41816 10404 24.88 1398

3.34

11802

28.22

30014

71.78

Males 19143 8295 43.33 798 4.17 9093 47.50 10050 52.50 Females

22673

2109

9.30

600

2.65

2709

11.95

19964

88.05

District: Mahe Persons 41816 10404 24.88 1398 3.34 11802 28.22 30014

71.78

Males 19143 8295 43.33 798 4.17 9093 47.50 10050

52.50

Females 22673 2109 9.30 600 2.65 2709 11.95 19964

88.05

It may be seen from the Table 30 that as per census 2011, out of total population of 41816 persons in Mahe District 11,802 (28.2%) persons have reported as Workers, out of them 10404 (24.9%) are Main Workers and 1398 (3.3%) are Marginal Workers. Among Male population in Mahe District/Taluk, Main Workers and Marginal Workers are enumerated 43.3 per cent and 4.2 per cent respectively. Among female population with district, 9.30 per cent females are enumerated as Main Workers while 2.7 percent are recorded as Marginal Workers. A total of 30,014 persons (71.8%) are enumerated as Non Workers. Among Non-Workers, female Non-Workers (88.05%) are higher than the male Non Worker (52.50%)

Table 31: Number and percentage of main workers, marginal workers and non-workers by Sex in CD Blocks, 2011

Sr. No.

Name of CD Block

Persons/ Males/ Females

Total population

Main workers Marginal workers

Total workers (main and

marginal workers)

Non workers

Number Percentage

Number Percentage

Number Percentage

Number Percentage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Mahe District is entirely urban

43

Table 32: Number and percentage of main workers, marginal workers, and non-workers by sex in towns, 2011

Sr. No.

Name of town

Persons/ Males/ Females

Total population

Main workers Marginal workers

Total workers (main and

marginal workers)

Non workers

Number % Number % Number % Number %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Mahe (M) Persons 41816 10404 24.88 1398 3.34 11802 28.22 30014 71.78

Males 19143 8295 43.33 798 4.17 9093 47.50 10050 52.50

Females 22673 2109 9.30 600 2.65 2709 11.95 19964 88.05

District (Urban): Mahe

Persons 41816 10404 24.88 1398 3.34 11802 28.22 30014 71.78

Males 19143 8295 43.33 798 4.17 9093 47.50 10050 52.50 Females 22673 2109 9.30 600 2.65 2709 11.95 19964 88.05

According to Census 2011, out of 41816 total population in Mahe(M), Main workers are 10404 (24.9%) persons and Marginal Workers are 1398 (3.3%) persons. It may be seen from the table 32, Total Workers in the district accounted for 28.2 percent while Non-Workers accounted for 71.8 percent. Among Male population 43.3 percent persons are recorded. Main Workers whereas 4.2 percent Males have reported as Marginal Workers. Among Female Workers, Main and Marginal Workers are enumerated 9.30 per cent and 2.7 per cent respectively.

Table 33: Distribution of workers by sex in four categories of economic activity in Sub-District, 2011

Sr. No.

Name of

Taluk

Persons/ Males/ Females

Total popu-lation

Total workers (main + marginal workers)

Category of workers

Cultivators Agricultural labourers

Household industry workers

Other workers

Number % Number % Number % Number %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1

Mahe Taluk

Persons 41816 11802 43 0.36 82 0.69 69 0.58 11608 98.36

Males 19143 9093 25 0.27 60 0.66 56 0.62 8952 98.45

Females 22673 2709 18 0.66 22 0.81 13 0.48 2656 98.04

District: Mahe

Persons 41816 11802 43 0.36 82 0.69 69 0.58 11608 98.36

Males 19143 9093 25 0.27 60 0.66 56 0.62 8952 98.45

Females 22673 2709 18 0.66 22 0.81 13 0.48 2656 98.04

Distribution of Workers by sex in four categories of economic activity in Mahe District/Taluk is given in the table 33. According to Census 2011, out of 41816 total population, 11802 persons have reported as Workers. Of the total Workers

44

11608 (98.4%) are Other Workers followed by Agricultural Labourers (0.7%), Household Industry Workers(0.6%) and Cultivators (0.4%). Proportion of Other Workers among both Male and female Workers are significantly higher than that of Other Categories of Workers. Table 34: Distribution of workers by sex in four categories of economic activity in CD Blocks,

2011

Sr. No

.

Name of CD Block

Persons/ Males/ Females

Total popula

tion

Total workers (main + marginal workers)

Category of Workers

Cultivators Agricultural labourers

Household industry workers

Other workers

Number

Percentage

Number

Percentage

Number

Percentage

Number

Percentage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 35: Distribution of workers by sex in four categories of economic activity in Towns, 2011

Sr. No.

Name of

town

Persons/ Males/

Females

Total popu-lation

Total workers (main + marginal workers)

Category of workers

Cultivators Agricultural labourers

Household industry workers

Other workers

Number % Number % Number % Number %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 Mahe (M) Persons 41816 11802 43 0.36 82 0.69 69 0.58 11608 98.36

Males 19143 9093 25 0.27 60 0.66 56 0.62 8952 98.45

Females 22673 2709 18 0.66 22 0.81 13 0.48 2656 98.04

District

(Urban):

Persons 41816 11802 43 0.36 82 0.69 69 0.58 11608 98.36

Males 19143 9093 25 0.27 60 0.66 56 0.62 8952 98.45

Females 22673 2709 18 0.66 22 0.81 13 0.48 2656 98.04

Distribution of Workers by sex in four categories of economic activity in Mahe District/Municipality is given in the table 35. According to Census 2011, out of 41816 total population, 11802 persons have reported as Workers. Of the total

45

Workers 11608 (98.4%) are Other Workers followed by Agricultural Labourers(0.7%), Household Industry Workers(0.6%) and Cultivators (0.4%). Proportion of Other Workers among both Male and female Workers are significantly higher than that of Other Categories of Workers.

46

Brief Analysis of Village and Town Directory 2011 (Table 36 to 45)

The Village and Town Directory supplied by the State Govt. are presented in the Book separately. Various types of amenities available and land use pattern of each village of the district is presented in the Village Directory and facilities like Schools, Hospitals, Main Industrial activities, Slum details are presented in the Town Directory. Village Directory has been tabulated at Taluk level while the Town Directory has been presented at town level. On the basis of the data certain tables have been designed and brief Analytical Note thereon are given below from table 36 to 45.

Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011

Sr. N

o.

Nam

e of

CD

Blo

ck

Num

ber o

f inh

abite

d vi

llage

s

Type of amenity available

Educ

atio

n

Med

ical

Drin

king

wat

er

Post

off

ice#

Tele

phon

e *

Tran

spor

t com

mun

icat

ions

$

Ban

ks@

Agr

icul

tura

l cr

edit

soci

etie

s

App

roac

h by

puc

ca ro

ad

Pow

er su

pply

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Mahe District is entirely Urban

Table 37: Number and percentage of rural population served by different amenities, 2011

Sr. N

o.

Nam

e of

CD

Blo

ck

Tota

l pop

ulat

ion

of in

habi

ted

villa

ges

Type of amenity available

Educ

atio

n

Med

ical

Drin

king

wat

er

Post

off

ice#

Tele

phon

e *

Tran

spor

t com

mun

icat

ions

$

Ban

ks@

Agr

icul

tura

l cr

edit

soci

etie

s

App

roac

h by

puc

ca ro

ad

Pow

er su

pply

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Mahe District is entirely Urban

47

Table 38: Distribution of villages not having certain amenities, arranged by distance ranges from the places where these are available, 2011

Village not having the amenity of Distance range of place from the villages where the amenity is available

Less than 5 kilometres

5-10 kilometres

10+ kilometres

Total (Col. 2-4)

1 2 3 4 5

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 39: Distribution of villages according to the distance from the nearest statutory town and availability of different amenities, 2011

Dis

tanc

e R

ange

fr

om th

e ne

ares

t St

atut

ory

Tow

n (I

n K

ilom

etre

s)

Num

ber\

Perc

enta

ge

Num

ber o

f In

habi

ted

Vill

ages

in E

ach

Ran

ge

Type of amenity available

Educ

atio

n*

Med

ical

Post

Off

ice#

Tele

pho

ne *

Tran

spor

t C

omm

unic

atio

ns $

Ban

ks @

Agr

i cul

tura

l C

redi

t So

ciet

ies

App

roac

h by

Pu

cca

Roa

d

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Mahe District is entirely urban

Table 40: Distribution of villages according to population range and amenities available, 2011

Popu

latio

n ra

nge

Num

ber

\ Per

cent

age

Num

ber o

f inh

abite

d vi

llage

s in

each

rang

e

Type of amenity available

Educ

atio

n*

Med

ical

Drin

king

wat

er

Post

off

ice #

Tele

phon

e *

Tran

spor

t com

mun

icat

ions

$

Ban

ks@

Agr

icul

tura

l cre

dit s

ocie

ties

App

roac

h by

puc

ca ro

ad

Pow

er su

pply

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Mahe District is entirely urban

48

Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use, 2011 Sr.No. Name of CD Block Number of

inhabited villages

Total area (in Hectares)

Percentage of cultivable area to total area

Percentage of irrigated area to total cultivable area

1 2 3 4 5 6

Mahe District is entirely urban

Note:- Cultivable area= irrigated area + unirrigated area

Table 42: Schools/ colleges per 10,000 populations in towns, 2011 Sr. No.

Name of the town

Type of educational institution

Primary

Middle

Secondary /

matriculation

Senior

secondary

College

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Mahe (M) 7.41 4.07 2.63 1.20 0.96

Total 7.41 4.07 2.63 1.20 0.96

It may be observed from the Table 42 that for every 10,000 population, there are 8 Primary Schools, 4 Middle Schools, 3 Secondary Schools, 1 Senior Secondary School and 1 College in the Municipality.

Table 43: Number of beds in medical institutions in towns, 2011 Sr. No.

Name of the town

Number of beds in medical institutions per 10,000 population

1 2 3 1 Mahe (M) 57.87

Total 57.87

In Mahe (M), one Government General Hospital is functioning. As per the Census 2011, the ratio of Number of beds per 10,000 populations in the district is 58:10,000.

49

Table 44: Proportion of slum population in towns, 2011 Sr.No.

Name of the town having slum

Total population

Slum population

Percentage of

slum population to total population

1 2 3 4 5

1 Mahe (M) 41816 395 0.94

Total 41816 395 0.94

Table 44 is showing the proportion of Slum population in Mahe (M) as per Census 2011. Proportion of Slum population in the town is very meager. Out of 41816 persons in the Municipality 395 (0.94%) persons only have been enumerated in the slum areas.

Table 45: Most important commodity manufactured in towns, 2011

Sr. No. Name of the town Name of three most important commodities manufactured

1 2 3

1 Mahe (M) CottonTextiles, Gold Ornaments, Cashew Nut

The only town of Mahe District is Mahe (M) which is co-terminus with District. Cannore Spinning and Weaving Mills is the only large scale industry in the District. There are 234 Small Scale and Micro Industries in the Mahe Municipality area. Cotton Yarn manufacturing is the major activities in the District. The other two Major industrial activities in the district are Gold ornaments and the Cashew Nuts industry.

50

Scope of Village and Town Directory

Concepts used in Village and Town Directory: 1. Educational Amenities:-The type of different educational facilities available in the village is given in numbers. Both Government and private educational facilities / institutions are considered for this purpose. If there are composite schools like Middle schools with Primary classes, or Secondary schools with middle classes, these are included in the number of Primary and Middle schools respectively. For example, if in a village there are two Primary schools and one Middle school with primary classes, the number of Primary schools in the village are given as three and that of Middle school as one even though there may be only three educational institutions. So also in case of Secondary schools. For better understanding, the distinctiveness of different types of schools is depicted hereunder:

1.1 Pre-primary (PP): Now-a-days, the children are sent to schools at a very early stage. Lot of pre-primary schools, private schools in particular, have come up in villages and towns. These may or may not be recognized by the competent authorities. Even many Secondary schools have classes starting from preprimary level. Pre-primary classes include Nursery, K.G., Pre-basic, Play school, etc. 1.2 Primary School (P): Schools providing education from Standard 1 and upward up to and inclusive of Standard V are classified as Primary Schools.

1.3 Middle School (M): Schools providing education from Standard VI and upward up to and inclusive of Standard VIII are classified as Middle Schools. A School with Class 1 to VIII is treated as two units, i.e. one Primary School and one Middle School. 1.4 Secondary School (S): Schools providing education from Standard IX and upwards up to and inclusive of Standard X are classified as Secondary Schools. A composite school with 1 to X standard is treated as three separate units and counted separately under the categories of Primary School, Middle School and Secondary School.

1.5 Senior Secondary School (SS): Schools and colleges that provide education for Standards XI and XII and first and second year of the Pre-University Course fall under this category. There are Senior Secondary Schools with Standard I and upwards up to Standard XII.

1.6. Degree College: (i) Arts/Science/ Commerce: These are all educational institutions that provide post-PUC level education leading to University degree/diploma in any subject or combination of subjects and also post-graduate levels of education. The college offering courses in Arts, Science or Commerce either separately or in combination are covered under this category.

51

(ii) Engineering College (E): It is a graduate/post-graduate degree college providing Bachelor of Engineering (BE) or Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech.) or post-graduate engineering degrees like M.Tech.

(iii) Medical Colleges: These are graduate/post-graduate degree colleges providing MBBS or equivalent degree in alternative medicine like Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy etc. or post-graduate medical degrees like M.D or equivalent in the above branches of medicine. 1.7. Management College/ Institute (MI): It offers courses like Diploma in Management, Post-Graduate Diploma in Management, Masters of Business Administration (MBA) and specializations in different disciplines of Management like Marketing, Human Resources Development (HRD) etc. 1.8. Polytechnic (Pt): An Institution providing certificate/diploma (not equivalent to degree) in any technical subject like engineering, vocational courses like embroidery, fashion designing etc. It may be both Government and Private. 1.9. Vocational School/ITI: It is a vocational training institute imparting trainings in specific fields acquiring necessary skill, which will make the trainees employable or create them opportunities of self-employment. Trainings offered by Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) fall under this category.

1.10. Non-formal Education/Training Centre (NFTC): Non-vocational education centers, established by the Central and State Governments provide educational facilities to the interested persons irrespective of educational qualification, and age. These education centers are open to all. 1.11. Special School for Disabled: There are Government and Government recognized institutions/organizations engaged for providing education to different groups of disabled persons.

2. Medical Facilities: 2.1 Hospital-Allopathic and Hospital-Alternative medicine: A hospital is an Institution, where sick or injured are given medical or surgical care. Bed strength differs from hospital to hospital ranging from 31 to 500 depending upon whether these are sub-district, sub-divisional or district hospitals. If there is hospitals providing facilities under different systems of medicines such as, Allopathy, Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy etc., these details are given separately.

(a) Allopathy: The system of medical practice, which treats disease by the

use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the

disease under treatment.

(b) Ayurveda: Ayurveda means ‘Science of life’. The philosophy of

Ayurveda is based on the theory of Pancha Mahabhootas (Five elements) of which

all the objects and living bodies are composed of. The combination of these five

52

elements are represented in the form of Tridosha: Vata, Pitta and Kapha. These

three ‘doshas’ are physiological entities of living beings. Ayurveda developed into

eight distinct specialties, i.e., Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Eye and

ENT, Surgery, Toxicology, Geriatrics and Science of virility. Two types of

treatments, Preventive and Curative, are given in Ayurveda.

(c) Unani: Treatment of Unani consists of three components, namely,

preventive, promotive and curative. Unani system of medicine has been found to

be efficacious in conditions like Rheumatic Artharitis. Jaundice, Filarisis,

Eczema, Sinusitis and Bronchial Asthma. For the prevention of the disease and

promotion of health, the Unani System emphasizes six essentials: pure air, food

and water, physical movement and rest, psychic movement and rest, sleep and

wakefulness and retention of useful materials and evacuation of waste materials

from the body.

(d) Homoeopathy: Treatment in Homoeopathy, which is holistic in nature,

focuses on an individual’s response to a specific environment. Homoeopathic

medicines are prepared mainly from natural substances such as plant products,

minerals and animal sources. Homoeopathic medicines do not have any toxic,

poisonous or side effects. Homoeopathic treatment is economical as well and has

a very broad public acceptance.

2.2 Community Health Centre (CHC): Community Health Centers are designed to provide referral health care for cases from PHC and those in need of specialist health care approaching the CHC directly. 4 PHCs are included under each CHC thus catering approximately 80,000 populations in tribal/hilly areas and 1, 20,000 populations for plain areas. CHC is a 30- bedded hospital providing specialist care in Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Surgery and Pediatrics.

2.3 Primary Health Centre (PHC): A Primary Health Centre is the first contact point between a village community and the Government medical officer. A PHC covers a population of 20,000 in hilly, tribal or difficult areas and 30,000 populations in plain areas with 4-6 indoor/observation beds. It acts as a referral unit for 6 sub-centres. It has a medical officer and para medical staff.

2.4 Primary Health Sub- Centre (PHS): A Primary Health Sub-center is the first contact point between the primary health care system and the community. As per the population norms, one PHS is established for every 5,000 population in plain areas and 3,000 population in hilly/ tribal/ desert areas. Each PHS has a sanctioned strength of one male and one female health worker.

53

2.5 Maternity and Child Welfare Centre (MCW): It provides pre-natal and post-

natal services for both mother and child. The services include regular check-up of

pregnant women, giving folic tablets, counseling, delivery, immunization of

children with check-up etc.

2.6 TB Clinic (TBC): The diagnosis and treatment of TB are functions of the general health services and hence it is a part and parcel of Primary Health Care. Specialized units such as the District Tuberculosis Centre (DTC) act as referral centres. TB clinics are established by the Government of India under the National Tuberculosis Control Programme and implemented through a network of DTC. The DTC is the nodal point for TB control activities in the district and it also functions as a specialized referral Centre. The functions of sub-district level Tuberculosis Unit (TU) are implementation, monitoring and supervision of TB control activities in its designated geographical areas.

2.7 Health Centre: Clinic where medicine and medical supplies are dispensed. It has no in-patient facility. A clinic (or an outpatient clinic) is a small private or public health facility that is devoted to the care of outpatients, often in a community, in contrast to larger hospitals, which also treat inpatients.

2.8 Dispensary: Place where patients are treated and medicines provided but

with no in-patient facility. Immunizations, MCH Services and sometimes

pathological tests are carried out here. It may be of allopathic or any alternative

medicine.

2.9 Veterinary Hospital: Mostly run by the State Government or local body for

treatment and preventive measures against diseases of domestic animals like

cows, buffaloes etc in rural areas.

2.10 Mobile Health Clinic: These are Mobile vans well equipped with a range of

health services to villages located far away from the CHCs, PHCs or any public

health sources. The vans visit villages on designated days to deliver the health

care services. The services generally offered are OPD, ante-natal and post-natal,

B.P. examination, X-ray, ECG, Immunization, First Aid etc.

2.11 Family Welfare Centre: Check-up and counseling is provided to the

pregnant and married women regarding small family norm and devices for having

a small family. Temporary and permanent contraceptive devices are provided

here.

2.12 Nursing Home: A nursing home is a long –term care facility licensed by the

state that offers 24-hour room and board and health care services including basic

and skilled nursing care, rehabilitation and a full range of other therapies.,

54

treatments and programs to old and sick people. The difference between a

hospital and a nursing home is that a nursing home gives importance to

convalescence from a disease while a hospital gives medical treatment for the

disease.

2.13 Medicine Shop: A shop which sells drugs and medicines of any system of medicine viz. allopathic, homeopathic, ayurvedic or unani medicines, is considered as a medicine shop. Sometimes some shops and Paan shops also keep ordinary medicines, like Crocin, Burnol etc. These shops are not taken as medicine shops.

3. Drinking water: The following are the main source of drinking water facility (ies) available in the village. 3.1 Tap Water-treated: This source of drinking water refers to a source of drinking water which is provided to the villagers through pipes within their premises or to the villagers through common taps (public taps/community water points) by the Government departments, local bodies, panchayats, public or private estate agencies, etc. after treatment. Such a source is treated as ‘Tap water from treated source’. 3.2 Tap Water-un-treated: If the villagers are drawing drinking water through pipes either directly from a well or bore well or after pumping the well or tube well water, or the water is supplied through pipes to the households of the village or through public taps without treatment. Such a source is treated as ‘Tap water from un-treated source’. 3.3 Covered Well (CW): A well that is (1) covered on sides from run-off water (i.e., excess water from rain, snowmelt or other sources flows over the land) through a wall lining or casting that is raised above ground level on a platform that diverts spilled water away from the well and (2) covered so that bird droppings and animals cannot fall down the hole. It is considered as covered well. 3.4 Un-covered Well (UW): A well which is (1) un-covered on sides from runoff water, (2) un-covered from bird droppings and animals; or (3) both.

3.5 Hand Pump (HP): Hand pump means where ground water is taken out manually by operating a hand pump.

3.6 Tube Well / Borehole (TW): Tube well denotes the ground water source from where ground water is taken out through electrical or diesel pump. Spring, River/Canal, Tank/Pond/Lark are self - explanatory.

4. Community Toilet Complex : Community Toilet may be constructed and maintained by Gram Panchayats or Private NGOs like Sulabh Sauchalaya or likes.

55

5. Rural Sanitary Mart or Sanitary Hardware Outlet (RSM): It is an outlet dealing with the materials, hardware and designs required for the construction of not only sanitary latrines but other sanitary facilities such as compost pit, washing platform and other sanitation and hygiene accessories required for individuals, households and the environment in the rural areas.

6. Community bio-gas or recycle of waste for productive use: Many of the solid wastes having economic values but put for disposal can be recycled for reuse. For example, food, cow dung, leaves, vegetable, paper, wood, plastics, old cloth etc. However, some of the wastes are not recyclable. These are carbon paper, thermocoal etc. When recyclable solid wastes is subjected to decomposition, bio-gas could be produced under favourable conditions. These systems of recycling may be there at the village level organized by Gram Panchayats with technical support from Governments or non-government organizations. 7. Communication and transport Facilities:

7.1 Post Office (PO): Self-explanatory.

7.2 Sub-Post Office (SPO): Sub-post office includes Extra Departmental Post Offices and those providing franchise postal services and also part time services in lieu of some honorarium. The limited postal services include sale of stamps, receipt of letters and money orders and also distribution of letters.

7.3 Post & Telegraph Office (PTO): Telegraph office is set up by the Government to enable people to send or receive telegrams. If the phonogram facility is available (though the Telegraph office may not be equipped with Morse Code Transmitters), the village is considered to be having telegraph facility.

7.4 Telephones (landlines): If the village is having the Public Call Office (PCO) either run by the Post Office or by individuals or by a private shop, then the village is considered to be having telephone facility.

7.5 Public Call Office (PCO)/Mobile PCO: Self - explanatory. 7.6 Mobile Phone Coverage: Mobile phones are now very common particularly in urban areas. Some villages by virtue of being in close proximity to the urban areas also enjoy the benefits of the mobile phone services. Even if a few villagers avail the services of mobile phones, then the village is considered to be having access to mobile phone. 7.7 Internet Cafes/Common Service Centres (CSC): If the village is having the facility of Cyber Cafes or shops owned by private individuals providing the facility of surfing of the internet, then the village is considered to be having access to internet/cyber cafe facility. Government of India formulated the scheme of CSC with the vision of providing all government services in an integrated manner at the door step of the citizen at an affordable cost even in the remotest corners of the country through a combination of it based as well as non-IT based services.

56

7.8 National Highway (NH): These are main highways running through the length and breadth of the country. Each NH is numbered like NH-1, NH-2 for easy identification.

7.9 State Highway (SH): These are roads of a state linking district headquarters and important cities within a State and connecting them with NHs or Highways of the neighboring States.

7.10 Major District Roads (MDR): These are important roads within a district, serving areas of production and markets and connecting these with each other or with the main Highways.

7.11 Other District Roads (ODR): These are roads serving rural areas of production and providing them with outlet to market centres, taluka headquarters, block development headquarters or other main roads.

7.12 Village Road: The approach to village refers to the state of road etc., leading to the village. This is to see whether the village is approachable both in fair and foul weather, and whether it is inaccessible only for some time in the year.

7.13. Black-Topped (Pucca) Road (BTR): A road provided with a bituminous surfacing.

7.14 Gravel (Kuchha) Road (GR): A road constructed using well compacted crushed rock or gravel material (coarse sand, small stones), which is fairly resilient and does not become slippery when wet. 7.15 Water Bound Macadam (WBM): This is the road layer made of crushed or broken mixture of sand and rock fragments mechanically interlocked by rolling and voids filled with screening and binding material with the assistance of water. 7.16 Foot Path (FP): A trodden path for the use by pedestrians and in some cases bicycles. The Foot Paths are not suitable for vehicular traffic except bicycles in some cases. Most of the interior/forest villages are connected by Foot Paths. 8. Banks and Credit Societies: - Banking facility means a place where a person can operate a bank account. 8.1 Commercial Bank (CB): These may be banks wholly owned by the Government of India. or by Indian or Foreign Companies. 8.2 Cooperative Banks (Coop. B): A co-operative bank is a financial entity which belongs to its members, who are at the same time the owners and the customers of their bank. Cooperative banks are often created by persons belonging to the some local or professional community or sharing a common interest. These banks are registered under the Cooperative Societies Act. The cooperative banks are regulated by RBI and are covered by the Banking Regulations Act, 1949.

57

8.3 Agricultural Credit Society (ACS): Major objectives of the ACS are to supply agricultural credit to meet the requirements of funds for agricultural production, the distribution of essential consumer commodities, the provision of storage and marketing facilities and for light agricultural implements and machinery. 8.4 Non-Agricultural Credit Society (NCS): These societies include consumer cooperative societies and also credit cooperative societies of certain categories of persons like teachers, health workers, etc. 9. Miscellaneous Facilities: 9.1 Self-help Group (SHG): Self-Help Groups are groups of between 10-25 women created by either NGOs or under the SGSY (Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana) for the purposes of meeting local credit needs. They are sometimes called Mahila Mandals in villages. 9. 2. Public Distribution System (PDS) shop: The shops through which some essential commodities are sold by the government at subsidized rates. They may also be known as ration shops and control shops.

9.3. Mandis/Regular Market: These are those clusters of shops with or without fixed premises which are open on at least six days a week and opens at least from morning hours to dusk.

9.4. Weekly Haat: These are those clusters of shops with or without fixed premises which are open once a week.

9.5. Agricultural Marketing Society: It is a common platform to analyse the issues among all the individuals and institutions in the field of agricultural marketing.

9.6. Nutrition Centre: Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme set up by the Government of India with the objective of providing following package of services to the children under 6 years and pregnant and lactating mothers in villages such as; Immunization, Health Check-up, Referral Services, Pre-school Non-formal Education and Nutrition & Health Education.

9.7. Anganwadi Centre: Each centre under the ICDS scheme is run by an Anganwadi Worker. One Anganwadi worker is appointed for specified population of the village. They are basically local women. They are assisted by Anganwadi helper. They provide pre-school non-formal education at the Centre and provide food to the children.

9.8. Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA): ASHA is a health activist in the community who will create awareness on health and its social determinants and mobilize the community towards local health planning and increased utilization and accountability of the existing health services. She would be a promoter of

58

good health practices. She will also provide a minimum package of curative care as appropriate and feasible for that level and make timely referrals. She will act as a motivator of different types of health related activities. Unlike ANM, she will not be involved in any clinical activities like immunization.

9.9. Sports Club/Recreation Centre: Indoor and out-door games are arranged by the Club and activities like wrestling, Judo Karate etc. are also done there.

9.10. Cinema/Video Hall (CV): If regular cinema houses licensed by Government is available, then the town/village is considered to be having the facility of Cinema Hall. Video hall owners screen films in their own or hired premises.

9.11. Public Library: Books are kept there which can be accessed by the public on loan basis. These may be sponsored by Government or Local Body or Panchayat or any influential person. Free service or nominal charges are made for using the facility.

9.12. Public Reading Room: Here the public may read newspapers and magazines. These may be sponsored by Government or Local Body or Panchayat or any influential person.

9.13. Newspaper Supply: The availability of the Newspaper(s), both in English or vernacular, in the village is considered to having the said facility.

10. Availability of Electricity/Power. If power is actually available, whatever may be the form of its use, it is indicated affirmative. If the village is having electricity for domestic purposes and the residents are using the same for domestic use, then it is considered that domestic power supply is available. If the electricity authority has not given domestic supply to the households on their request and people are using unauthorized electricity either by stealthily or misuse the supply meant for agricultural or industrial purposes, then it is not considered as availability of electricity for domestic purposes. However, if the village goes out of power due to temporary technical problems such as, transformer failures, theft of electrical equipment, etc., it is considered that electricity is available. Supply of electricity is considered available even when there is a temporary ban on new domestic connections. Connections to residential houses, bungalows, clubs, hostels and hospitals run on non-commercial basis, charitable, educational and religious institutions are included in the domestic category.

10.1 Power Supply for domestic use: This category includes electricity used only for domestic consumption.

10.2 Power supply for agricultural use: This category includes all electricity connections given to the farmers for conducting various agricultural activities including irrigation.

59

10.3 Power supply for commercial use: This category includes electricity connections given for workshops, industries etc. or for any commercial purposes.

10.4 Power supply for all uses: This category includes electricity connection is available for domestic use, agricultural use, and for any commercial purposes.

11. Land Use Pattern: The land use area of the villages is given in hectares. The land use pattern in the Village Directory conform to the pattern of classification of land use as recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The Ministry has recommended the maintenance of records of land use pattern under the 9 categories as indicated in the Village Directory.

12. System of drainage: Generally, by drainage system, we mean the network of mains and branches of underground conduits for the conveyance of sewerage to the point of disposal. Sewers that carry only household and industrial wastage are called separate sewers; those that carry storm water from roofs, streets and other surfaces are known as storm water drains, while those carrying both sewage and storm water are called combined sewers. However, in towns, which are not provided with such underground sewerage system, it is mentioned whether it has open drainage system. There may be possibility of the town having both closed as well as open drainage systems.

13. Type of latrines: The data on various types of latrines both public and private together are collected. The three types of latrines considered here are, Pit Latrine, Flush/Pour Flush Latrine and Service Latrine.

(i) Pit System: The latrines are attached to the pit that is dug into the ground for the reception of night soil, are reckoned as pit latrine.

(ii) Flush/pour flush: A flush latrine uses a cistern or holding tank for flushing water and has a water seal, which is a U-shaped pipe, below the seat or squatting pan that prevents the passage of flies and odours. A pour flush latrine uses a water seal, but unlike a flush latrine, a pour flush latrine uses water poured by hand for flushing (no cistern is used).

(iii) Service: Type of latrine from where night soil is removed manually by scavengers. All other types of latrines are covered under “Others” category.

14. Protected Water Supply- Source and capacity of Storage system: There are various sources of water supply and its storage system in the town. 14.1 Service Reservoir: A service reservoir is a water storage container that holds clean water after it has been treated in a water plant, and before it is piped to the end users. These containers are covered, and are designed to keep the water safe from contamination. Their main purpose is to provide a buffer within the water supply system so that water supplies can be maintained across periods of varying demand.

14.2 River Infiltration Gallery: Infiltration Galleries are capable of supplying large quantities of water, and are used where wells are unable to supply water

60

needs, i.e. where an impermeable rock barrier affects well efficiency, or where surface water sources are too shallow for intake screens. Infiltration galleries are one or more horizontal screens placed adjacent to (on-shore), or directly underneath (bed-mounted), a surface water source.

14.3 Bore Well Pumping System: A bore well is a well of 6" to 12" in diameter drilled into the earth for retrieving water. The depth of a bore well can vary from 50 feet to 3000 feet. Water is pumped out to surface through electricity/generator.

14.4 Pressure Tank: Tank that is used to ensure consistent water pressure and for storage of water. Usually located in basement of house but sometimes (in older settings) located in well pit. 15. Road lighting (Points): Road lighting means the number of street lights that are maintained in the town.

16. Home Orphanage: Orphanage is the name to describe a residential institution devoted to the care of orphans – children whose parents are deceased or otherwise unable to care for them. Parents, and sometimes grandparents, are legally responsible for supporting children, but in the absence of these or other relatives willing to care for the children, they become a ward of the state, and orphanages are a way of providing for their care and housing.

17. Working women's hostel: These may be recognised or non-recognised by any public authority. The data on number of working women's hostels available in the town are collected with number of seats. 18. Old Age Home: There are two types of Old Age Homes in India. One is the "Free" type which cares for the destitute old people who have no one else to care for them. They are given shelter, food, clothing and medical care. The second type is the "Paid" home where care is provided for a fee. Nowadays, such "Retirement" homes have become very popular in India and they are well worth considering.

19. Stadium: A stadium is a place, or venue, for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts or other events, consisting of a field or stage partly or completely surrounded by a structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event.

20. Auditorium/Community Hall: These are the places where meetings, social functions etc. are organised.

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TOWN DIRECTORY

61

Brief Note on Town Directory

Abbreviations used in Town Directory 2011 Census:- Town Directory covers the Non-Census data for Mahe Municipality. It presents important and useful information like civic and other amenities available in Mahe (M). The information in the Town Directory is covered in the following seven statements viz., Statements I to VII. Statement I : Status and Growth History Statement II : Physical Aspects and Location of town, 2009 Statement III : Civic and other Amenities, 2009 Statement IV : Medical Facilities, 2009 Statement V : Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, 2009 Statement VI : Industry and Banking 2009 Statement VII: Civic and other Amenities in Slums, 2009

Statement I :- Status and Growth History: Column 1 – Serial Number:- Self explanatory Column 2:- Class, Name and civic status of town:- The Class is presented according to population of the towns in 2011 Census as follows: Population Class Population Class 100,000 and above I 10,000 – 19,999 IV 50,000 – 99,999 II 5,000 – 9,999 V 20,000 – 49,999 III Below - 5,000 VI The following abbreviations are used to denote the Civic Status of the town. Civic Status Codes Civic Status Codes i-Municipal Corporation M.Corp. xii – Notified Town Area NTA ii-Municipal Committee MC xiii – Industrial Notified

Area INA

iii-Municipal Council M Cl xiv – Industrial Township ITS iv-City Municipal Council CMC xv – Township TS v-Town Municipal Council

TMC xvi – Town Panchayat TP

vi- Municipal Board MB xvii – Nagar Panchayat NP Vii –Municipality M xviii – Town Committee/

Town Area Committee TC

viii- Cantonment CB xix – Small Town ST

62

Board/Cantonment Committee ix- Notified Area NA xx – Estate Office EO x –Notified Town NT xxi –Gram Panchayat GP xi - Notified Area Committee/ Notified Area Council

NAC xxii – Census Town CT

Column 3 - 25: - These columns are self explanatory Statement II: - Physical Aspects and Location of town, 2009. Column 1 - 2 Serial number and Name of town: - Self explanatory Columns 3 to 5 - Physical Aspects:-In these columns the Rainfall and Maximum and Minimum Temperature of the town is recorded. Columns 6 to 12:- Name and road distance of the town (in kms.) from the State headquarters, District headquarters, Sub-divisional/Taluk/Tahsil/ Police station/Development Block/Island HQ., Nearest city with population of one lakh and more, Nearest city with population of five lakh and more, Railway station and Bus route is recorded in these columns respectively. If the names mentioned in these columns are the same as the referent town itself, the distance is recorded as (0) zero. Statement III – Civic and other Amenities, 2009:- Column 1 - 2 Serial number and Name of town: - Self explanatory Column 3 – Road length (in km.):- The information about the road length (in km.) within the limit of the town is recorded in this column. Columns 4 to 7- System of drainage: - The system of drainage available in the town is indicated in these columns by the following codes: System of drainage Codes Open drains OD Closed drains CD Both drains BD Columns 8 to 11-Number of latrines: - The number of various types of latrines available in the town is indicated in these columns. Columns No. 12 & 13 – Protected water supply: - The information on source of water supply and system of water storage with capacity available in the town are given in these columns in the following codes: Column 12 (Source of water supply):-

(i) Tap water T (ii) Tube-well water TW (iii) Tank Water TK (iv) Well water W

63

Column 13 (System of water storage):-

(i) Over Head Tank OHT (ii) Service Reservoir SR (iii) River Infiltration Gallery RIG (iv) Bore Well Pumping System BWP (v) Pressure Tank PT

The information on 2 major source of water supply is given in column 12

and the system of water storage with capacity against each in kilo-litres (in bracket) is presented in column 13.

Columns 14 Fire Fighting Service: - In case the firefighting service is available in the referent town, `yes’ is recorded. If the facility is not available within the town, the name of the nearest place having this facility with its distance from the referent town has been recorded. Columns 15 to 19- Electrification (Number of connections):-Different types of electric connections have been shown in these columns, i.e., Domestic, Industrial, Commercial, Road lighting (points) & others. Statement IV: Medical Facilities, 2009:- Columns 1 - 2 Serial number and Name of town: - Self explanatory Columns 3 to 13 :- The number of various medical institutions such as Hospitals, Dispensaries, Health Center, Family Welfare Center, Maternity and Child Welfare Center, Maternity Homes, T.B. Hospital/clinic, Nursing Homes, Charitable Hospital/Nursing Home, Mobile Health Clinic and Others as available in the town, are indicated in these columns (along with number of beds in brackets). If a medical facility is not available in the town, the name of the nearest place and its distance in kilometers from the town where the facility is available is mentioned. Column 14 - Veterinary Hospital:-The Number of Veterinary Hospitals available in the town is given in this column. Column 15 - Medicine Shop:-The number of Medicine shops available in the town is given in this column. Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, 2009:- Columns 1 - 2 Serial number and Name of town: - Self explanatory Columns 3 to 15 Educational Facilities:- The information on number of Primary school, Middle school, Secondary school, Senior Secondary school, Arts/Science/ Commerce colleges (of degree level and above), Medical colleges, Engineering

64

colleges, Management Institute/Colleges, Polytechnics, Recognized Shorthand, Typewriting and vocational training Institutions, Non-formal Education Center (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Center), Special School for disabled and Others available in the town, are indicated in these columns.

If an educational facility is not available in the town, the name of the nearest place and its distance in kilometers from the town where the facility is available is mentioned. Columns 16 to 23 – Number of Social, Recreational and Culture Facilities :- The information on No. of Home Orphanage, Working women’s hostels (with No. of seats in bracket), No. of Old Age Home, Stadium, Cinema Theatre, Auditorium/Community halls, Public libraries and Reading rooms available in the town are given under these column.

Statement VI: Industry and Banking 2009:- Columns 1 - 2 Serial number and Name of town: - Self explanatory Columns 3 to 5 - Names of three most important commodities manufactured:- The names of three most important commodities manufactured in the town are given under these columns. Columns 6 to 8 - Number of banks: - The number of banks available in the referent town both Commercial and Co-operative banks are recorded against these columns. Columns 9 & 10 – Number of Agricultural and Non Agricultural Credit Societies: - The number of Agricultural and Non Agricultural Credit Societies available in the referent town are given in these columns. Statement VII: Civic and other Amenities in Slums, 2009:- This statement VII provides information on civic and other amenities in all slums whether notified or not and for all towns having statutory bodies, like Municipality, Municipal Corporation, Town area committee etc.

From Thalassery

To Kuttiyadi

From Thalassery

From Thalassery

To Kozhikode

To Kozhikode

To Kozhikode

K

E

RA

L

A

From

Thalass

ery

To Panur

NH

17

K E R A L A

MAHE

MAHE (M)

804039

Mahe R

iver

804039

A R A B I A N S E A

Era

nholi Puzh

a

Kilometres

01 1

PUDUCHERRY

MAHE TALUKMAHE DISTRICT

District Headquarters is also the Taluk Headquarters.

I N D I A

BS

D

Boundary, State / U.T./ District / Taluk.........................

Headquarters: District..................................................

Statutory Town with MDDS Code................................

National Highway.........................................................

Important Metalled Road.............................................

NH 17

804039

Railway line, Broad Gauge..........................................

River and Stream.........................................................

High School / Senior Secondary School......................

Bank.............................................................................

Health Centre / Dispensary..........................................

Other Medical Facilities...............................................

D

B

S

PS

PO

TO

NUMBER AND NAME OFWARDS IN 2011 CENSUS1. PARAKKAL2. CHOODIKOTTA3. VALAVIL4. MUNDOCK5. MANJAKKAL6. CHALAKKARA SOUTH AND CHERUKALLAYI7. CHALAKKARA NORTH8. PALLOOR SOUTH WEST9. PALLOOR SOUTH EAST10.PALLOOR NORTH EAST11.PALLOOR NORTH WEST12.PANDAKKAL SOUTH13.PANDAKKAL CENTRE14.PANDAKKAL NORTH

PS

POPS

Era

nholi P

uj ha

To Ponur

From Thalassery

From Thalassery

To Kuttiyadi

From Thalassery

To Kozhikode

From Thalassery

To Kozhikode

Mahe River

K

E

R

A L

A

ARABIAN SEA

K E R A L AK E R A L A

6

7

9

10

14

8

5

13

4

11

2

12

1

3

NH 17

PUDUCHERRY U.T.MAHE MUNICIPALITY

MAHE DISTRICT

KILOMETRES1 10

OOOOO

O

O

OOOO

OOOOOOOOOOO

OOOOOO OOO

O

OOOOOOOOO OOO

I N D I A

NH 17

BOUNDARY, STATE/UNION TERRITORY.................... " MUNICIPAL WARD WITH NUMBER............HEADQUARTERS:DISTRICT..........................................NATIONAL HIGHWAY.......................................................ROADS / STREETS ...........................................................RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION: BROAD GAUGE .....RIVER AND STREAM.......................................................HOSPITAL, PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE......................

5

67

Town Directory Statements

68

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 III,

Mahe (M),Municipality

804039 MAHE MAHE 9.00 7420 144 -

Scheduled Castes

Population (2011

Census)

Scheduled Tribes

Population (2011

Census)

Sr. No.

Class, name and civic status of town

Location Code No.

Name of Taluk/ Tahsil/ Police

Station/Islands etc.

Name of CD block

Area (sq. Km.)

Number of households including houseless

households (2011

Census)

STATE

Status and

69

MENT - I

Growth History

1901-1951

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 1991 2001 2011

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 1

- 7951 (-)

8972 (12.8)

9588 (6.9)

10446 (8.9)

36828 (252.6)

41816 (13.54)

4646 1141 1147 1184 III,

Mahe (M),Municipality

1

Density (2011

Census)

Population and growth rate (in brackets) of the town at the Censuses of

Sr. No.Sex ratio Class, name and civic status

of town

70

STATE

Physical Aspects and

Phys ical aspects

Maximum

Minimum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Mahe (M) 3122.9 32.3 25.1 PUDUCHERRY (650) MAHE (0)

District HQ.

Name of and road dis tance (in kms .)

Sr. No. Name of town

Rainfall (in mm)

Temperature (in centigrade)

State HQ.

71

MENT-II

Location of Towns, 2009

8 9 10 11 12 2 1

MAHE (0) TELLICHERRY (8) KOZHIKODE (65) MAYIZHI (3) YES (0) Mahe (M) 1

Name of town

Sr. No.

Sub-Division/ Taluk/ Tahsil / Police station/ Development

Block/ Island HQ.

Nearest city with population of one

lakh and more

Nearest city with population of five

lakh and more

Name of and road distance (in kms.) from

Railway station

Bus route

72

@T wo major source only

*In case this service is not available in the town, the name of the nearest place and it s distance from the town where facility is available has been given

Abbreviation

TT: Tap water from treated source

TU:Tap water from un-t reated source

CW: Covered well

UW: Un-covered well

HP:Hand pump

TW/B:Tubewell /Borehole

RW:Rainwater

S:Spring

TK/P/L:Tank/Pond/Lake

O :Others

O HT:Over head Tank

SR:Service Reservoir

RIG:River Infilt ration Gallery

BWP:Bore Well Pumping system

PT:Pressure Tank

N\A,NA,N.A.: Not Avialable

STATE

Civic and

Ope

n (O

D)

Clo

sed

(CD

)

Bot

h -O

pen

&

Clo

sed

(BD

)

Nil

Pit S

yste

m

Flus

h/Po

ur F

lush

(W

ater

bor

ne)

Serv

ice

Oth

ers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 Mahe (M) 107 - - BD - 0 14 0 0

System of drainage Number of latrines

Sr.N

o.

Nam

e of

Tow

n

Roa

d le

ngth

(in

kms.)

73

MENT - III

other Amenities, 2009

Sour

ce o

f sup

ply

(Cod

es) @

Syst

em o

f sto

rage

w

ith c

apac

ity in

ki

lo li

tres (

alon

g w

ith C

odes

) @

Dom

estic

Indu

stria

l

Com

mer

cial

Roa

d lig

htin

g (p

oint

s)O

ther

s

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 1

TT,N/A OHT(970),N/A(N/A) Yes 9397 196 2236 3405 130 Mahe (M) 1

Protected water supply

Fire

figh

ting

serv

ice*

Nam

e of

Tow

n

Sr.N

o.

Electrification (Number of connections)

74

*If a medical facility is not available in the town,nearest place distance from the town where facilit y is available has been given

STATE

Medical

Hospitals (Allopathic & Others)

Dispensaries Health Center

Family Welfare Center

Maternity and Child Welfare

Center1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Mahe (M) 7(201) 6(0) 6(0) 4(0) 4(0)

Sr.No. Name of Town

No. of Medical facilities* (with number of beds in brackets)

75

MENT IV

Facilities, 2009

Maternity Homes

T.B.Hospital/ Clinic

Nursing Homes

Charitable Hospital/Nursing Home

Mobile Health Clinic

Others etc.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2 1

1(41) 4(0) 0 0 0 0 2(0) 12 Mahe (M) 1

Name of Town Sr.No.Veterinary Hospital

(Numbers)

Medicine Shop

(Numbers)

No. of Medical facilities* (with number of beds in brackets)

76

Prim

ary

scho

olM

iddl

e sc

hool

Seco

ndry

scho

olSe

nior

Sec

ondr

y sc

hool

Arts

/ Sci

ence

/ C

omm

erce

col

lege

s (of

de

gree

leve

l and

ab

ove)

Med

ical

col

lege

s

Engi

neer

ing

colle

ges

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Mahe (M) 31 17 11 5 1 2 TELECHERRY (28)

Sr. No. Name of Town

Number of Educational Facilities*

STATE

Educational, Recreational and

*If an educat ional facilit iy is not available in the town, the name of the nearest place and its distance from the town where facility is available has been given

77

MENT-V

Cultural Facilities, 2009

Man

agem

ent

Inst

itute

/ col

lege

s

Poly

tech

nics

Rec

ogni

sed

Shor

than

d,

Type

writ

ing

and

voca

tiona

l tra

inin

g in

stitu

tions

Non

-for

mal

Edu

catio

n C

ente

r (Sa

rva

Shik

sha

Abh

iyan

Cen

ter)

Spec

ial S

choo

l for

D

isab

led

Oth

ers

10 11 12 13 14 15 2 1

1 1 1 KANNUR (38) 1 2 Mahe (M) 1

Name of Town Sr. No.

Number of Educational Facilities*

78

STATE

Educational, Recreational and

No.

of H

ome

Orp

hang

e

Wor

king

wom

en's

host

les (

with

No.

of

seat

s in

brac

ket)

No.

of O

ld A

ge H

ome

Stad

ium

1 2 16 17 18 19

1 Mahe (M) 1 2 1 1

Number of Social, Recreational and Cultural facilities

Sr. No. Name of Town

79

MENT-V

Cultural Facilities, 2009

Cin

ema

Thea

tre

Aud

itoriu

m/

Com

mun

ity h

alls

Publ

ic li

brar

ies

Rea

ding

room

s

20 21 22 23 2 1

TELECHERRY (8) 2 4 3 MAHE (M) 1

Name of Town Sr. No.

Number of Social, Recreational and Cultural facilities

80

1st

2nd

1 2 3 4

1 Mahe (M) COTTON TEXTILES GOLD ORNAMENTS

Sr.

No.

Nam

e of

Tow

n

Names of three most important commodities

STATE

Industry and

81

MENT - VI

Banking, 2009

manufactured

3rd

Nat

iona

lised

Ban

k

Priv

ate

Com

mer

cial

B

ank

Co-

opra

tive

Ban

k5 6 7 8 9 10 2 1

CASHEW NUT 5 3 5 0 20 Mahe (M) 1

Nam

e of

Tow

n

Sr.

No.

Number of banks

Num

ber o

f agr

icul

tura

l cr

edit

soci

etie

s

Num

ber o

f

non

-ag

ricul

tura

l cre

dit

soci

etie

s

82

STATE

Civic and other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1

1 I M a he (M ) A ttak ulo th N o 9 3 2 2 - - BD -

2 D armasa la C ement R o ad N o 2 3 0 - - BD -

3 T ha zhap a ra mb a N o 1 0 3 7 0 - - BD -

4 P o o zhitha la N o 1 2 3 9 0 - - BD -

5 P arak k al N o 1 7 5 2 0 - - BD -

6 V alavil V illa ge N o 1 1 3 3 0 - - BD -

7 M ukk uva nd a pa ra mb a C o lo ny N o 1 8 6 6 0 - - BD -

8 M a nd ap a ra mb a C o lo ny N o 1 9 6 6 0 - - BD -

9 K a nna chank and y N o 1 7 4 4 1 - - BD -

1 0 K izhed a th C o lo ny N o 6 2 3 0 - - BD -

Nil

S r.No .

C lass a nd na me o f to w nN a me o f the slum

Is it

not

ified

Pave

d ro

ads (

in k

ms.)

No.

of h

ouse

hold

s

(app

roxi

mat

e)Po

pula

tion

of th

e Sl

um

(app

roxi

mat

e)

Ope

n

Clo

sed

S ystem o f d ra ina ge

Bot

h (O

pen

&

Clo

sed)

83

MENT - VII

amenities in Slums, 2009

Pit S

yste

m

Flus

h/ P

our F

lush

(Wat

er b

orne

)

Serv

ice

Oth

ers

1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 3

0 9 0 0 1 2 0 9 0 6 0 A tta k u lo th

0 2 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 D a r m a s a la C e m e n t R o a d

0 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 4 0 3 0 T h a zh a p a ra m b a

0 1 2 0 0 1 3 4 4 4 5 0 P o o zh ith a la

0 1 7 0 0 1 4 4 6 8 1 2 0 P a ra k k a l

0 1 1 0 0 1 3 2 5 4 5 0 V a la v il V illa g e

0 1 8 0 0 1 3 1 7 2 1 0 0M u k k u v a n d a p a ra m b a C o lo n y

0 1 9 0 0 1 3 3 7 6 7 0 M a n d a p a ra m b a C o lo n y

0 1 7 0 0 1 2 9 6 8 8 0 K a n n a c h a n k a n d y

0 6 0 0 1 2 3 3 4 4 0 K izh e d a th C o lo n y

N a m e o f th e s lu m

Roa

d lig

htin

g

(poi

nts)

Com

mun

ity

No.

of t

ap p

oint

s/ p

ublic

hydt

rant

s ins

talle

d fo

r

supp

ly o

f pro

tect

ed w

ater

E le c tr ic ity (N u m b e r o f c o n n e c tio n s )

N u m b e r o f la tr in e s

Oth

ers

P r iv a te

Dom

estic

84

1 2 3 4 5

--------------------------------------------------Nil-----------------------------------------------------

Appendix to Town Directory

Towns showing their Outhgrowth with population

Name of Town with Location Code

Population of Core Town Name of Outhgrowth Population of Outhgrowth

Sl. No.