MAIL SERVERMAIL SERVER

Introduction of Mail ServerIntroduction of Mail ServerA A mail server mail server is the computerized equivalent of your is the computerized equivalent of your

friendly that is sent passes through a series of mail servers friendly that is sent passes through a series of mail servers along with its way to its intended recipients. Although it along with its way to its intended recipients. Although it may seem like a message is sent instantly zipping from one may seem like a message is sent instantly zipping from one PC to another in the blink of an eye the reality is that a PC to another in the blink of an eye the reality is that a complex series of transfer takes place. complex series of transfer takes place.

Features of Mail ServerFeatures of Mail ServerSend text message by simply specifying the Send text message by simply specifying the

destination e-mail address.destination e-mail address.You can register free.You can register free.You can keepYou can keep ID ID and and PasswordPassword..You can send You can send e-maile-mail on on webmailwebmail..You can send You can send up to 1000 character long up to 1000 character long

message.message.You can change your password.You can change your password.

Technology UsedTechnology UsedCisco packet tracer 6.1.1 Cisco packet tracer 6.1.1 is used in the is used in the

development of this project.development of this project.It is virtual networking simulation software It is virtual networking simulation software

developed by Cisco.developed by Cisco.It is used to learn and understand various It is used to learn and understand various

concepts in computer networks.concepts in computer networks.It is software and a tool, easy to work with, It is software and a tool, easy to work with,

thus after working with virtual thus after working with virtual environment.environment.

A user gains lot of confidence, when it A user gains lot of confidence, when it comes to working in comes to working in real-time real-time environmentenvironment..

Advantages of Packet TracerAdvantages of Packet TracerIt is a powerful network simulation program that It is a powerful network simulation program that

allows users to experiment with network design and allows users to experiment with network design and behavior.behavior.

It provides Simulation, Visualization, Authoring, It provides Simulation, Visualization, Authoring, assessment, and Collaboration capabilities.assessment, and Collaboration capabilities.

It supplements physical networking equipment by It supplements physical networking equipment by allowing users to create virtual networks with an allowing users to create virtual networks with an almost unlimited number of devices; encouraging almost unlimited number of devices; encouraging practice, discovery and troubleshooting.practice, discovery and troubleshooting.

Packet tracer activities are included in the IT Packet tracer activities are included in the IT essentials, CCNA routing and switching, and CCNA essentials, CCNA routing and switching, and CCNA security.security.

Features of Packet TracerFeatures of Packet TracerIt creates a simulation environment where It creates a simulation environment where

a user gets visualization experience.a user gets visualization experience.There is also a multi user feature.There is also a multi user feature.It has both Logical and Physical It has both Logical and Physical

Workspace.Workspace.It has got both Real-time and Simulation It has got both Real-time and Simulation

mode.mode.It has got user friendly GUI and CLI It has got user friendly GUI and CLI

interfaces.interfaces.It support multiple languages.It support multiple languages.It is platform independent.It is platform independent.

Additional featuresAdditional featuresLab grading function.Lab grading function.International language support.International language support.Compatible with the following platform: Compatible with the following platform:

Windows, Window XP; Vista, Window 7 and Windows, Window XP; Vista, Window 7 and Linux.Linux.

Available to registered networking Available to registered networking academy instructors, students, and alumni. academy instructors, students, and alumni.

Modes of Packet TracerModes of Packet TracerThere are two types of modes: -

Real-Time Mode: -Real-Time Mode: -The devices in the network behave as The devices in the network behave as real devices do not look similar to real devices.real devices do not look similar to real devices.

Simulation Mode: -Simulation Mode: -In this mode, a user can see and In this mode, a user can see and control time interval, to learn how to troubleshoot network control time interval, to learn how to troubleshoot network failure.failure.

Networking devices Networking devices There are various networking devices There are various networking devices

which can used to create different which can used to create different networking lab scenariosnetworking lab scenarios::

Routers, Switches, Hubs, Wireless devices, Routers, Switches, Hubs, Wireless devices,

Connections, End devices, WAN Emulation, Connections, End devices, WAN Emulation, Custom made devices, Multi user connection, Custom made devices, Multi user connection, Personal computer, Laptops, Servers, Printers, Personal computer, Laptops, Servers, Printers, IP phones, VOIP devices, Analog phone, TVs, IP phones, VOIP devices, Analog phone, TVs, Wireless-Tablets, PDAs, Wireless End devices, Wireless-Tablets, PDAs, Wireless End devices, Wired end devices etc.Wired end devices etc.

Connections in packet tracerConnections in packet tracerVarious types of cables which can be used Various types of cables which can be used

to connect various networking devices to connect various networking devices are: -are: -Console cable Console cable Copper straight-through cable Copper straight-through cable Copper cross-over cable Copper cross-over cable Fibre cableFibre cablePhone cablePhone cableCoaxial cable Coaxial cable Serial DTESerial DTESerial DCE, and Octal cable.Serial DCE, and Octal cable.

Types of cables to connect PC, Switch & Types of cables to connect PC, Switch & RouterRouter

Various services available on a PC Various services available on a PC

Basic modes of a RouterBasic modes of a Router

Router>enableRouter>enableRouter#configure terminalRouter#configure terminalRouter(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254

255.255.255.0255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config-if)#exit

Basic commands of RouterBasic commands of Router

Protocols supported by packet tracerProtocols supported by packet tracer

Introduction to web serverIntroduction to web server

Introduction to IP Introduction to IP AddressAddress

Each machine on the internet is assigned Each machine on the internet is assigned a unique address called an IP address.a unique address called an IP address.An IP stands for An IP stands for Internet protocolInternet protocolThese addresses are 32-bit numbers, normally These addresses are 32-bit numbers, normally

expressed as 4 “octets” in a “dotted decimal expressed as 4 “octets” in a “dotted decimal number”.number”.

For example 192.168.1.254For example 192.168.1.254

Every machine on the Internet has a Every machine on the Internet has a unique IP address.unique IP address.

A sever has a static IP address that does A sever has a static IP address that does not change very often.not change very often.

DNS (Domain Name Server): -DNS (Domain Name Server): -A set of servers called domain name server A set of servers called domain name server

(DNS) maps the human-readable names to (DNS) maps the human-readable names to the IP address.the IP address.These servers are simple database that map These servers are simple database that map

names to IP addresses.names to IP addresses.They are distributed to all over the Internet.They are distributed to all over the Internet.There are also central name servers that use There are also central name servers that use

data supplied by VeriSign to map domain name data supplied by VeriSign to map domain name to IP addresses.to IP addresses.

PortsPortsAny server machine makes its services Any server machine makes its services

available to the internet using numberedavailable to the internet using numbered ports, ports, one for each service that is available one for each service that is available on the server.on the server.Each of the most well-known services is Each of the most well-known services is

available at a well-known port number. available at a well-known port number. Here is some common ports numberHere is some common ports number

FTP 21FTP 21Telnet 23Telnet 23WWW 80WWW 80SMTP (Simple mail Transfer Protocol, e-SMTP (Simple mail Transfer Protocol, e-

mail) 25mail) 25

ProtocolsProtocolsOnce a client has connected to a service on Once a client has connected to a service on

a particular port, it accesses the service a particular port, it accesses the service using a specific protocol.using a specific protocol.

The The protocol protocol is the pre-defined way that is the pre-defined way that someone who wants to use a service talks someone who wants to use a service talks with that service. with that service. Every web server on the Internet confirms to the Every web server on the Internet confirms to the

HTTP protocol, summarized nicely in HTTP protocol, summarized nicely in the the original HTTP as defined in 1991original HTTP as defined in 1991. .

In the original HTTP protocol, all you In the original HTTP protocol, all you would have sent was the actual file name, would have sent was the actual file name, such as “/” or “/web-server.htm”. such as “/” or “/web-server.htm”.

Introduction to how e-mail worksIntroduction to how e-mail works

An E-mail messageAn E-mail message

E-mail gives us the ability to contact any E-mail gives us the ability to contact any person in the world in a matter of seconds.person in the world in a matter of seconds.According to Darwin Magazine: Prime According to Darwin Magazine: Prime

Movers, the first e-mail message was sent Movers, the first e-mail message was sent in 1971 by an engineer named Ray in 1971 by an engineer named Ray Tomlinson.Tomlinson.

An e-mail message has always been An e-mail message has always been nothing more than a simple nothing more than a simple text text messagemessage—a piece of text sent to a —a piece of text sent to a recipient.recipient.

From Sender to RecipientFrom Sender to Recipient

More complex serversMore complex servers

The real e-mail systemThe real e-mail systemThe real e-mail system consists of The real e-mail system consists of

two different servers running on a two different servers running on a server machine. server machine.

One is called the One is called the SMTP server, where SMTP SMTP server, where SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. The SMTP server handles outgoing mailThe SMTP server handles outgoing mail..

The other is either a The other is either a POP3 ServerPOP3 Server or an or an IMAP IMAP Server, both of which handles incoming Server, both of which handles incoming mail.mail. POP stands for Post office Protocol, and POP stands for Post office Protocol, and IMAP stands for Internet mail Access protocol. IMAP stands for Internet mail Access protocol.

The SMTP Server listens on well-known port The SMTP Server listens on well-known port number 25, POP3 listens on port 110 and IMAP number 25, POP3 listens on port 110 and IMAP uses port 143.uses port 143.

The SMTP serverThe SMTP serverWhenever you send a piece of e-mail, your e-mail Whenever you send a piece of e-mail, your e-mail client interacts with the SMTP server to handle the client interacts with the SMTP server to handle the sending. The SMTP server on your host may have sending. The SMTP server on your host may have conversations with other SMTP servers to deliver the conversations with other SMTP servers to deliver the e-mail.e-mail.

The SMTP server understand the following The SMTP server understand the following commandscommands

HELOHELO: – Introduce yourself.: – Introduce yourself.EHLOEHLO: – Introduce yourself and request extended : – Introduce yourself and request extended

mode.mode.MAIL FROMMAIL FROM: - Specify the sender.: - Specify the sender.RCPT TORCPT TO: - Specify the recipient.: - Specify the recipient.DATADATA: - Specify the body of the message (To, from : - Specify the body of the message (To, from

and Subject should be the first three lines).and Subject should be the first three lines).RSETRSET: - Reset.: - Reset.QUITQUIT: - Quite the session.: - Quite the session.VRFYVRFY: - Verify an address.: - Verify an address.EXPNEXPN: - Expand an address.: - Expand an address.VERBVERB: - Verbose.: - Verbose.

The POP3 and IMAP ServerThe POP3 and IMAP Server

The POP3 ServerThe POP3 ServerIn the simplest implementation of POP3, the In the simplest implementation of POP3, the

server really does maintain a collection of text server really does maintain a collection of text files – one for each e-mail account. When a files – one for each e-mail account. When a message arrives, the POP3 server simply appends message arrives, the POP3 server simply appends it to the bottom of the recipient’s file.it to the bottom of the recipient’s file.

When you check your e-mail, your e-mail client When you check your e-mail, your e-mail client connects to the POP3 server using connects to the POP3 server using Port 110.Port 110.

The POP3 server requires an account name and a The POP3 server requires an account name and a password. Once you’ve logged in, the POP3 password. Once you’ve logged in, the POP3 server opens your text file and allows you to server opens your text file and allows you to access it. access it.

The POP3 understands the following The POP3 understands the following commands: -commands: -

USER: - Enter your user IDPASS: - Enter your passwordQUIT: - Quite the POP3 serverLIST: - List the messages and their sizeRETR: - Retrieve a message, pass it a message

numberDELE: - Delete a message, pass it a message

numberTOP: - Show the top x lines of a message, pass it

a message number and the number of lines

You can see that the POP3 server simply acts as an interface between the e-mail client and the text file containing your messages.

The IMAP ServerThe IMAP ServerIMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) is a more IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) is a more

advance protocol that solves these problems. .advance protocol that solves these problems. .With IMAP, your mail stays on the e-mail server.With IMAP, your mail stays on the e-mail server.You can organize your mail into folders, and all You can organize your mail into folders, and all

the folders live on the server as well.the folders live on the server as well.When you search your e-mail, the search occurs When you search your e-mail, the search occurs

on the server machine, rather than on your on the server machine, rather than on your machine.machine.

This approach makes it extremely easy for you to This approach makes it extremely easy for you to access your e-mail from any machine, and access your e-mail from any machine, and regardless of which machine you use; you have regardless of which machine you use; you have access to all of your mail in all of your folders.access to all of your mail in all of your folders.

Your e-mail client connects to the IMAP server Your e-mail client connects to the IMAP server using using Port 143Port 143. .

Free and paid e-mail servicesFree and paid e-mail services

Services such as Google , Gmail, Hotmail, And yahoo Services such as Google , Gmail, Hotmail, And yahoo provide free e-mail accounts for subscriberprovide free e-mail accounts for subscriber

About GmailAbout GmailGmail is Google’s free e-mail service. It offers Gmail is Google’s free e-mail service. It offers

online storage that’s practically unlimited. online storage that’s practically unlimited. It also provides sorting methods that allows It also provides sorting methods that allows

users to quickly organize and shift their inbox users to quickly organize and shift their inbox efficiently for important messages. efficiently for important messages.

As a free service, Gmail exposes users to As a free service, Gmail exposes users to contextual advertisements, which are based on contextual advertisements, which are based on keywords found in the user’s e-mail messages. keywords found in the user’s e-mail messages.

It’s versatile in handling many different It’s versatile in handling many different attachment types and scans for spam’s, worms attachment types and scans for spam’s, worms and virus.and virus.

About yahoo MailAbout yahoo Mail

Perhaps one of the most popular free Perhaps one of the most popular free services, yahoo offers unlimited online services, yahoo offers unlimited online storage as well as text messaging and RSS storage as well as text messaging and RSS news feeds. news feeds.

Using more than a dozen filters, Yahoo! files Using more than a dozen filters, Yahoo! files incoming e-mails and automatically sends incoming e-mails and automatically sends junk e-mails to a spam folder and allows you junk e-mails to a spam folder and allows you to add e-mails to that folder. to add e-mails to that folder.

It features easy-to-use drag and drop It features easy-to-use drag and drop organization tools.organization tools.

About MSN Windows HotmailAbout MSN Windows HotmailAnother well-used free service, Hotmail is Another well-used free service, Hotmail is

supported by Microsoft technology and features 5 supported by Microsoft technology and features 5 GB of online storage space. GB of online storage space.

A versatile desktop design allows users to A versatile desktop design allows users to customize the color and layout of their mail customize the color and layout of their mail manager. manager.

It also offers users the choice of working a It also offers users the choice of working a classic, familiar format and switching to an classic, familiar format and switching to an updated look with added features when they updated look with added features when they choose. choose.

Microsoft security features coupled with familiar Microsoft security features coupled with familiar drag-and-drop organization tools add further drag-and-drop organization tools add further comfort -of-use for many e-mail users.comfort -of-use for many e-mail users.

Design of Mail ServerDesign of Mail ServerFirstly open the Cisco Packet Tracer 6.1.1.Firstly open the Cisco Packet Tracer 6.1.1.After that take 5 Routers and provide each router After that take 5 Routers and provide each router

serial ports.serial ports.Then connects all routers each-other onto the serial Then connects all routers each-other onto the serial

port.port.Then take 5 Switches accordingly to the routers and Then take 5 Switches accordingly to the routers and

connects to it routers.connects to it routers.And after that connect different server on to the And after that connect different server on to the

Router 5’s switch port. Server’s names are DNS, Router 5’s switch port. Server’s names are DNS, Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail, Google etc.Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail, Google etc.

And then connect End-Devices for example And then connect End-Devices for example Computers or Laptops as a user of Server.Computers or Laptops as a user of Server.

continued..continued..

Then connect Router to Switch and Switch to End-Then connect Router to Switch and Switch to End-Devices with the help of Straight Cable at the Fast Devices with the help of Straight Cable at the Fast Ethernet Port.Ethernet Port.

And then connect the different servers at switch And then connect the different servers at switch with the help of straight cable.with the help of straight cable.

Then provide the IP address to all Routers. Like Then provide the IP address to all Routers. Like 192.168.1.254, 192.168.2.254, 192.168.3.254, 192.168.1.254, 192.168.2.254, 192.168.3.254, 192.168.4.254 and 200.200.200.254.192.168.4.254 and 200.200.200.254.

And then also provide Serial Port IP address. Like And then also provide Serial Port IP address. Like 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, 11.0.0.1, 11.0.0.2, 12.0.0.1, 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, 11.0.0.1, 11.0.0.2, 12.0.0.1, 12.0.0.2, 13.0.0.1 and 13.0.0.2.12.0.0.2, 13.0.0.1 and 13.0.0.2.

Then configure the entire network with using the of Then configure the entire network with using the of Cisco commands for make it workable.Cisco commands for make it workable.

Router R1 and Switch1 is used for Gmail users and there are six user (pc 1 to pc 6) available.

Router R2 and Switch2 is used for Yahoo mail and there are also six users (pc 7 to pc 12) available.

Router R3 and Switch3 is used for Hotmail users and there are also six users (pc 13 to pc18) available.

Router R4 and Switch4 is used for Google users and there are also six users (pc19 to pc24) available.

Router R5 and Switch5 is used for Servers and there are 5 servers (DNS server, Gmail server, Yahoo server, Hotmail server, and Google server) available.

After that the Diagram of Mail Server is look like After that the Diagram of Mail Server is look like as follows: -as follows: -

Diagram of Cisco mail serverDiagram of Cisco mail server

Acronym summaryAcronym summaryE-MAILE-MAIL -Electronic mail-Electronic mailWWWWWW -World wide web-World wide webIPIP - Internet protocol- Internet protocolIMAPIMAP - Internet Mail Access Protocol- Internet Mail Access ProtocolMTAMTA - Mail Transfer Agents- Mail Transfer AgentsMUA MUA - Mail User Agent - Mail User Agent POPPOP - Post Office Protocol- Post Office ProtocolSMTPSMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol- Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolFTPFTP -File transfer protocol-File transfer protocolHTTPHTTP -Hyper text transfer protocol-Hyper text transfer protocol