5 "Short-Cut" Lessons to Good Boxing

Mass Boxing

Success Through Boxing

By Marshall Stillman

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This Volume Contains: 1. Success Through Boxing 2. What Boxing Will Do for You 3. Marshall Stillman's Method of Teaching 4. Lesson I-The Hit 5. Lesson II-The Guard 6. Lesson III-The Duck 7• Lesson IV-Footwork 8. Lesson V-Feinting and Clinching 9. Mass Boxing II. Straight Blows III. Swinging Blows IV. Guarding V. Ducking VI. Footwork VII. Uppercut

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1. Success Through Boxing

If you could study the hundreds of testimonials which we have received, and some of which we reproduce here-with, the thing which would probably impress you most, is the large number of students who report that in learn-ing boxing and self-defense they have acquired confidence and self-reliance which they never felt before.

And the really remarkable part of it is that this con-fidence is not limited to their activities in boxing and other sports-it extends to their social and business affairs. They feel more confident in meeting people, and the un-mistakable air of self-reliance with which they carry them-selves breeds respect in the minds of everyone with whom they come in contact. How often have we read a letter saying "People seem to have more respect for me now."

If you will read the letters in this book, you will see that some of the students even attribute increases in salary and better positions to their studying boxing-for in-stance, Manillo Di Sala says: "I have acquired greater confidence and self-reliance, and have had my salary raised $10 within four weeks' time." To one who has never gone through this experience such a statement may seem far-fetched-even absurd. But there is a very sound reason for it. Let us see what it is.

You possess ability along certain lines, and depend on this ability to help you

advance in social and business affairs. But this is a competitive world. Everyone of us has competitors who have just as much ability as we have. Now how often have you seen a man who you feel has unusual ability, yet who does not succeed in his business or social affairs? Then again, how often have you seen a fellow forge ahead in business, who you know hasn't as much ability as many a failure you've come across?

You see it isn't only a question of ability, but of con-fidence. The successful man has confidence. Match two men of equal ability (or one may even have less ability than the other) and the one with the greatest amount of self-confidence wins every time. We say there is a relation between boxing and success.

Why? Because boxing develops health confidence, self-reliance and courage in competition. Because the successful man needs and has confidence, has independence. When he goes up against big men that confidence, that self-reliance carries him through to the finish. When he is doing things under the eyes of others he does them in a way that reflects his confidence. When he considers future advancement, a bigger job, a bigger concern, a bigger undertaking, he overcomes every uncertainty by his confidence and self-reliance.

Isn't it a fact, for instance, that right now there is a job ahead of you that you

hesitate to tackle, a job that would mean advancement. Isn't it a fact that there are men that you hesitate to go up against or to meet in com-petition? Isn't it also a fact that in

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social life you lack the confidence to mix with some people? Finally, isn't it true that you hesitate to take an active part in things that concern your city and your country, because you lack con-fidence?

There are lots of people like you in the world, men and women who hesitate. Some of them are afraid; some of them are blind to opportunities; some have not grit enough, and knowing they have not grit enough never tackle anything that leads to a good job and a good in-come. Others are simply asleep or full of excuses - "put-offs."

It doesn't make much difference which class you belong to if you are going to stay there. You are not much better off being asleep than being afraid or being an excuse-maker-not better off so far as success goes, be-cause you will not be a success if you stay in any of these classes. You can only be a success if you have courage, confidence and grit in competition.

We firmly believe that the seed of success is planted in every man. You may say that certain men are gifted, meaning that they are gifted with mechanical ability or with boxing ability or some other talent, but we say, and say it out of experience, that these men are gifted with courage, confidence, determination, and never-say-die spirit. We know of plenty who have a gift in the way of art ability who are not successful. You know of men of mechanical turn of mind who are not successful.

No, the seed of success is not talent in some particular line alone. The seed of success begins with saying "I will," and then having the determination, the confidence, and the courage to stick to it and fight for it day in and day out, so that nothing can stop you. In this preparation for success boxing, as we teach it, plays a part. It helps you physically, of course. It helps you mentally. It quickens the brain, quickens judgment, quickens decisive action, and it gives you a wonderful feeling of confidence and self-reliance in competition with others which en-ables you to stand on your own feet and go up against big men, buoyant with confidence and courage.

If this weren't so, then why did the Government teach soldiers boxing? Did they

want them to box the Germans? No certainly not. They taught them boxing because it played an important part in bayonet attack, not in the physical side of the bayonet attack, but in the mental side. The American soldiers won every bayonet attack. In physical training alone with the bayonet the Germans had a big advantage. They had a great deal more experience and far longer training. But in the mental side of the bayonet charge they were not equal to the American soldiers because the American soldiers had confidence, quickness of decision, and the courage that only comes from feeling sure of one's self. If the sol-diers could have gotten it all simply by practicing with the bayonet, the Government would not have called in boxing instructors to help them. But boxing had some-thing to contribute, something big, and that's why it was used.

You know people who can box. You know they are looked up to in a dispute, how others follow their lead; but you have not realized, and lots of boxers have not realized, the connection between the mental side of boxing and success in life. Yet, if we had

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asked you today at the beginning of this letter to list the things that a boxer should have, and the things that a successful man should have, you would have included right away in both lists: confidence, courage, quickness of judgment and ac-tion, determination and grit. Those same things make a successful boxer and a successful business man. A man who has confidence in himself physically, mentally and morally is irresistible.

What does this require of you? If you put it up to us we'll say that you must make up your mind to be a success. You must say to yourself."

The Marshall Stillman Association says to me that I can acquire greater confidence, courage, grit, self-reliance and determination by studying their method of teaching boxing." You must say, "If they can help me get these things, believe me, I am going to grab that offer and put it up to them."

You must say to yourself, "I am going to take them at their word, cast my lot with them. When they say 'Do or die,' 'Keep on trying,' I'll take their advice."

You must say, "I'm facing a bigger issue than merely learning boxing. I am facing the issue of whether or not I am going to make myself a success, mentally, morally, physically - in business life, school life, social life, re-ligious life."

What is the first step? Your first step is to make up your mind and pledge yourself to devote a certain amount of time every day to the practicing of the lessons, and to keep everlastingly at it. You'll find that once you do start in to master the principles, you'll advance with a bound.

You can put off starting; you can make excuses for yourself; you can do 101 things that may ease your mind for a while, but if your situation is typical of numerous others we have come in contact with, then we are safe in saying that you are really up against the question of making the kind of success of yourself that you want to be, and you might as well decide it now. If you are satis-fied to stand still you will find plenty of excuses.

You may say that's putting it pretty strong. If you will say to us that you have the confidence, self-reliance, courage, grit and determination to tackle anything or anybody, including the big job ahead of you, and to go up against people that you know you ought to go up against-if you have these things, then we'll admit frankly that we have put it too strongly.

But if you are not satisfied with yourself then we say, "Don't let excuses stand in your way. Don't do yourself an injustice any longer. Don't be unjust to others who believe in you or depend upon you. Face the issue, choose success. Start out full of determination, full of grit, full of enthusiasm, to the goal. We'll be with you, and do more than our share." MARSHALL STILLMAN ASSOCIATION.

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2. What Boxing Will Do For You

Boxing will do as much for you as it has for others. Here's what they've found out:

A Better Job With More Money "Since starting to study your course six months ago I have acquired greater

confidence and self-reliance and as a result I have secured a better position with a concern in Charleston, receiving more salary and the opportunity to become a member of the firm. I have made more friends and my old ones respect me more than ever.” STAUNTON B. MORAN, 25 Appleton Street, Boston, Mass.

Defeated Opponent Armed with Gun and Blackjack "I want to tell you of one occasion where boxing helped me out. I got into trouble with a big bully in this town last spring and he tried to bulldoze me by sticking a gun in my face.

In about two seconds I had his gun. Then he pulled a blackjack out of his pocket and struck at me with it. By that time I was getting pretty well riled up, and I hit him two licks that jarred him to his toes and he measured his length on the ground. The next day he went around with his face bunged up.

Boxing is sure great for self-defense and I think every boy and girl should take a

course in boxing, as it also gives a fellow a lot of speed, endurance and wind, the things that count in everyday life.” Yours truly, ROY ROSS, Humrick.

Here's a Brave Man! "Every husband should teach his wife how to hit a tell-ing blow and this course

makes it very simple to teach a woman.” FRANKLIN WHEELER, Oxford, Pa.

Better Than an Instructor "I think that your course is the very best that can be gotten for the money. 1 have

been to some instructors who charged $25 for a few lessons which were soon for-gotten. If you forget something in studying the Marshall Stillman Course it is easy to refer to the lessons again and practice them. 1 heartily congratulate you on this perfect course.” BURT FORBES, U. S. Coast Guard, Station Cleveland, Ohio.

Thrashed a 232-pound Bully "A few days ago 1 was attacked by a bully weighing 232 pounds. I weigh 168, but

gave him the thrashing of his life. 1 know that 1 wouldn't have had the nerve to face a bully like him without the knowledge of boxing which 1 received from the Marshall Stillman Course, and think the course would be cheap at four times the price you ask.” WALTER FORE, Lindale, Texas.

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Convinced by His Thirteen-year-old Brother "Dear Sir: Enclosed you will find check for the books, and in explanation of my

change of mind permit me to relate a peculiar incident. I am by profession a druggist and proprietor of the Schreiner Drug Co. The present help situation deprives me of much spare time and consequently 1 did not acquire the knack of boxing as rapidly as I anticipated.

"My thirteen-year-old brother was reading the books and going through the

motions illustrated. To my utter surprise he acquired great skill and so 1 have decided to study them more thoroughly.” Thanking you. ANTHONY G. SCHREINER, Cleveland, Ohio.

From a Logger "Having spent 21 years in the woods, and most of that time alone, 1 do not talk

very much. You can easily imagine that, as 1 have long ago been nicknamed the 'Silent Wolf.

While working in a logging camp 1 was nagged by a boss. He was always having fun for himself and tried to lord it over the other men by taking it out of me. One day he said 1 might be all right to work for women but not in a camp for men. My answer was 1 would be glad to start at his home first. Before 1 knew what was going on 1 had one in the eye and a cute haymaker on the nose. This man weighs 190 pounds, is 6 feet 2 inches tall, and 1 weigh 140 pounds and am only 5 feet 10 inches tall. Putting up my guard I went after him. 1 put in three left jabs for the jaw and the corkscrew with the right under his chin. 1 don't know whether he was more surprised than I. Anyway he slept for 20 minutes.

The studying of boxing has given me confidence and self-reliance. 1 never before thought that there are better things in life to be had than working six months, saving a stake and going to the city to blow it in on moon-shine and women. Now I have reformed and am just about to enroll in the National Salesmen's Training Association of Chicago. "Hoping to become something better than a timber wolf, I am.” HERMAN GERLACH, Washington.

Defeats Opponent Weighing 25 Pounds More "My brother-in-law is about 25 pounds heavier than 1 am. He used to put the

gloves on with me and slap and punch me around at will, and in wrestling could pick me up bodily j but since studying your course I can land five punches for everyone 1 receive from him. Without letting my brother-in-law know that 1 was studying 1 wrestled with him one day and threw him on his back before he knew it.” THOMAS HEALEY.

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From a Professional "At the time of subscribing to your course I was enter-ing the amateur ring. After

studying the course I found that it helped me beyond my expectations not only in my fights but in self-reliance and confidence. I am now fight-ing professionally and can truthfully say that Marshall Stillman's Course has contributed more than anything else to my success. I would not be without it and refer to it very often. I have found it possible with diligent prac-tice with your guard to hold my own against and keep well away from the blows of much heavier men than myself.” GORDON E. MONDAY, Troop "H," 12th Cavalry, Machita, N. M.

Does More and Better Work "The course has fitted me to do more and better work. I feel as full of pep after a

hard day's work (and my work is pipe fitting and air brake work on the freight cars and isn't child's play), as when I get up in the morning.” WILLIAM B. MIDDAUGH, Matamoras, Pa.

Perfectly Clear! "I am really surprised at the clear manner in which the instruction books are

written. One cannot be in doubt as to what is meant by any part.” H. LANGHORST, 201 N. Johnson Street, Visalia, Cal.

Better Than a Trainer "I think your course is better than a trainer because it covers so many methods of

offense and defense. It is worth $100 for any man that wants to get by without getting beaten up and hold his own among men.” P. W. WILLIAMS, Virginia, Minn.

Developed Confidence That Won Better Jobs "I have acquired greater confidence and self-reliance. I have asked for jobs which

I never had guts enough to ask for before because I did not have confidence in myself, and have succeeded in securing several better jobs since I started to study the course.” WALTER ARMFELT, General Delivery, Tacoma, Washington.

$10 Raise in Salary "I have acquired greater confidence and self-reliance and I have had my salary

raised $10 within four weeks. I feel that all of this I owe to the course, as everyone looks upon me with more respect than previously.” MANILLO DI SALA, Alicia, Pa.

A Good Boxer Made Better "While I have boxed for a number of years I have never before shown the form I

have cultivated since studying your course. The way you teach how to hit was a revelation to me. Being a relative of a well-known boxer, he taught me a lot of stuff about boxing, but I learned things from your course which I never thought were possible in boxing.” WALTER H. McDONALD, Toledo, Ohio.

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Improved His Defense "Although I have previously considered myself quite a boxer, after studying your

course I have found out that there was quite a bit to learn. It has improved my method of defense, which was my weakest point. I have knocked out two local boys, the best scrappers in town.” CHARLES P. BALL, Idaho.

Can Now Whip His Three Larger Brothers "It is nothing more than a pleasure to tell you how your course has helped me

physically and even mentally j work that previously I would not have tackled I can now do with ease and freedom. It will be of interest to you to know that I have four brothers, three of whom are larger than I. These three boys could whip me before J. began studying your course, but now after taking a bout with anyone of them I have to feel sorry for him-he sits around like a sick chicken, complaining of being sore and broken down. Your exercises have done wonders for me. They help me get in good shape. Yours truly,” T. J. Mitchell, Fayetteville, N. C.

So Simple a Child Can Learn It “I think that your course is wonderful from start to finish. Each hit, guard, feint,

block, etc., is pictured and described so simply that a child can learn. When I started in I thought the rules simple and would never get anywhere, and first thing I knew I was hitting and guard-ing correctly. I used to box with a fellow, but now it is a hard job to get him to 'put them on with me.' He says: 'What's the use? I can't hit YOU.' Due to the guards and ducks I learned from you I can now hold my own.” SIDNEY A. SMITH. Canterbury, Conn.

Called the “Jack Dempsey" of His Club "I have studied the course three months and have fought three men, each

weighing from 10 to 25 pounds heavier than myself. I made the three quit in three rounds and did not receive any punishment from either one, which speaks highly for your course. I am now called the 'Jack Dempsey' of my club and am training other members.” JOSEPH AMEND, Brooklyn, N. Y.

No Longer “Afraid” "I have had your course in boxing for about six months, and spent about half an

hour each day, usually 15 minutes in the morning before breakfast and 15 minutes at night before bed time.

There was a young lad, 20 years old, big and strong, came into the gym and put the boxing gloves on and challenged everyone in the gym. Nobody offered to box him because he always knocked his opponents out in the first round and usually picked on the little fellows, but never would tryout with the fellows of his own weight. Well I had seen this heavyweight box before and although I am a lightweight and a couple of years younger, I said to myself, 'I will try it, anyway.'

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Well, I put on the gloves and soon the battle was on. He rushed me but I stopped him with the left lead, and then gave him a right hook to the jaw and knocked him out. The knockout surprised everyone.

Since taking your course I have great confidence in myself. Before I took the course I was afraid to do this and that, afraid to ask the boss for a raise, afraid of 'hard' persons, but it is different now. With real 'punch' in both arms I am not afraid to tackle jobs, and the course did help me a lot and is still helping me a lot in business, salary, and studies.” JOSEPH WORLINSKI, 248 Broadway, Buffalo, N. Y.

From an Army Captain "The best I have seen to keep a man in condition and at the same time prove

useful in every day life.” CAPTAIN PAUL B. WENLTON, Lowell, Mass.

From a “Gob" "I would say that I was somewhat of a boxer before studying your course, but now

I am what my shipmates call a 'good one' and they can't see how I got all the new blows, guards, and such so suddenly.” J. H. DOLAN, U. S. S. Shawmut, New York, N. Y.

Two-hundred-pound Husky No Match for This Hundred and Sixty-Nine-pound Scrapper

"About two weeks after studying your course I was able to whip a big husky wagon driver, settling a grudge which we had against each other for about two years. He is a big husky weighing 200 pounds, standing over 6 feet (my weight is 169 pounds, and I am 5 feet 10 inches), and claims to have been in the ring several times. I did not have any knowledge of boxing at all before I took the Marshall Stillman Course; and was afraid to tackle the big fellow. He knew this so he was contented to show me up before the girls especially and boy friends of mine.

One day while talking to a friend and his girl, this chap drove up in front of a store where we were talking and stopped to unload a case of goods for the store. He quickly spied me, and coming over to where I was, he ordered me off the corner. I didn't pay any attention to him. Suddenly he shoved me. This made me angry so I challenged him to a fight. At this he only sneered. I then quickly took off my coat and approached him in fight-ing fashion. Quickly following suit, he yelled, 'So that's your game, eh!' I replied by sending in a stiff left lead to his face and following up with a number of other blows.

In vain he tried to reach me to grapple with me, but I proved too fast for him, holding him off, and administer-ing severe punishment to his face and body, knocking him down twice before a crowd of men stopped us. Though I received some pretty hard punches, I outfought him in every way. He now regards me as one of his best friends.” LE ROY DORRIS, 330 Public Square.

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Well Worth the Price "The entire course is well worth the price and is very complete and up-to-date. The holds in Jiu Jitsu and wrestling alone are worth the price of the entire course.” C. W. COFFIN, Wilmington, Del.

Released from Being Choked "Since starting to study the course four months ago I have had several

experiences. In one case I prevented a man from choking me by employing the release given in your instructions on bone-breaking holds and releases. Even though I am still studying the course, I feel and really have a great deal more confidence in myself than before.” CHARLES LEON HARRIS, Cordele, Georgia.

Clothes Growing Too Small for Him 'When I first started to study your course I could dip three times. Now I can easily dip I 8 times. It is a wonderful chest developer and my chest has expanded to the extent that I cannot keep buttons on my vest and that vest used to be large when I started in with your course. Now laugh, but it is the truth. The bridging has made my neck so large that I had to buy a 150 shirt, when a IS was nearly too large for me before.” E. B. HAM, Greenville, N. C.

Was Only Half Alive "I have been studying your course three months. I find that I was only half alive

before I began the study of boxing. The exercises are grand from a physical point of view, and I feel better in every sense of the word. I do not tire or fag half so easily.” J. L. BRAND, Houston, Texas.

Boxing Lessons Develop Pep and Strength "I have studied the Marshall Stillman Course for two months, and have acquired

much more confidence, for when it comes to defending myself I am always there. My work seems much easier to me because I am stronger and there is much more pep in me. I have many friends now for they all know that when it comes to a mix up I. won't desert them.” BRONIE ZMYEWSKI, Union City, Conn.

Sixteen-year-old Girl Defeats Two Boys

"I have studied your course seven weeks, spending a half hour everyday on it, and have also taught my sister, who is 16 years old. She knocked out two boys her own age who had insulted her. The course is the finest ever in my estimation, and I wouldn't take a hundred dollar bill for what I have learned so far.” DAVID ROSE, Fort Montgomery, N. Y.

Improved Him Physically "I have had your course for six months. For three of the six months I studied your course assiduously. Before a week had passed I noticed that I was assuming a more erect and natural posture. I began to be conscious, also, that I had a chest. I was quite surprised to find my thorax develop so well without the aid of mechanical apparatus.” ERNEST R. JAMES, Ottawa, Canada.

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Uses Course to Instruct His Son "I have been using the Course to instruct my son, who is 7 years old. It will be a

great benefit to him in later years. I have been receiving great benefit myself from the lessons, although that is of secondary importance.” O. W. HOLMES, Eastport, Maine.

A Raise With a Better Outlook for Advancement "1 have studied your course for six weeks and certainly feel greater confidence

and self-reliance in myself. 1 got one substantial raise in salary and expect promotion. I think that the course is great. Every young fellow ought to take it up.” HAROLD MILLER, Dubuque, Iowa.

3. Marshall Stillman's Methods of Teaching

MARSHALL STILLMAN has been a student of boxing for more than thirty

years. He was a pupil and intimate friend of Professor Mike Donovan, who retired undefeated middleweight cham-pion of the world and who taught boxing at the New York Athletic Club for thirty years.

Professor Mike Donovan thought so much of Marshall Stillman and the

"Shortcut" or "Sub-Conscious" Method of teaching Boxing that he heartily endorsed both, and posed for the illustrations in this course, and the world has never known a better teacher of boxing and self-defense than Professor Mike Donovan. This is Donovan's system of boxing taught by Marshall Stillman's principle of instruction.

Marshall Stillman's interest in boxing and self defense for the last ten years has

been devoted largely to the development of this simplified system of instruction. Anybody, young or old, can learn the rudiments of boxing and how to guard against attack, from this course. Boys of 12 and 1 5 have learned; men of 40 and 60 have learned, and what is more, they have benefited physically as a result.

Marshall Stillman begins with the things you know, such as holding out your hand

for a coin, the breast stroke in swimming, butting like a goat, etc., and leads you into striking correct blows, using proper guards, and parries, ducking scientifically, etc.

You learn these fundamentals right in front of your own mirror, before you put on

the gloves with anyone. After you have learned the principles, you are then ready to put on the gloves with someone else, and profit by your study.

You can readily understand why it is difficult to learn boxing under the old

method. Your opponent usually knows far more than you, and instead of helping you, he hinders you, because his superior knowledge confuses you and makes it difficult to learn.

By the Marshall Stillman method, you learn the principles and rudiments, and when you face your first opponent, you know what to expect and how to guard against it.

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And you know how to hit him effectively. After all the "proof of the pudding" is the amusing and interesting, but nevertheless important letters we get week after week, from men and boys who say "Last week I licked or out-boxed a fellow that I had just been dying to get at for a year." Sailors in the Navy and Soldiers in the Army have taken the course by the hundreds - so that they could hold their own. Others have taken the course just for the Jiu Jitsu and standing wrestling holds, so as to be prepared against violent attack.

Anyone of a dozen things in this course may be worth $50 or $100 in a crisis,

because after all, when unexpected attacks come, it isn't just a question of how brave you are, nor a question of how strong you are, but rather, do you know how to box? do you know how to defend your-self against a kick for the stomach, how to break a hold on the throat, how to disarm an opponent?

You cannot get all the good out of the lessons by doing them once. Go over them

repeatedly. The benefit physically alone justifies repetition, but aside from that, you will learn something every time you do one of these lessons, and you will keep yourself from forming bad habits - twisting the fist the wrong way, using the body weight the wrong way, striking the wrong kind of a blow, or departing from the right guard-so do them re-peatedly.

Stand the course right up in front of you on your bureau. The type is big enough

to read at a distance of several feet, and the pictures are as plain and clear as can be made.

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4. Lesson I - The Hit

Stand before your looking-glass with your feet squarely on the floor, toes pointing

straight forward and arms loosely hanging at your sides. Feet about 12 to18 inches apart, and toeing a line.

Imagine a rod run through the top of the head down the spine and into the floor, and on this rod you are to turn, not swaying either forward, backward or sideways. Now turn on this rod, allowing your arms to swing out loosely in the air (as in Figs. 1 and 2).

Watch yourself carefully in the mirror that you do not permit your body to sway. After you have continued this exercise a sufficient length of time so as to get the

turn well in your mind, bring your arms to your sides bent at the elbow with your hands open, continuing to turn. Elbows in close to the sides (as in Fig. 3).

Fig. 1. Turning: Allow the arms to swing out loosely in the air. Do not sway the body either forward or backward. Turn the shoulders first to the right and then to the left.

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Fig. 2. Turning (Cont'd): This is the other half of the movement in Fig. 1. There is no change in the position of the feet or head. The arms and shoulders have simply swung around, as you can see.

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Fig. 3. While twisting the shoulders first one direction and then the other, but without swaying the body, bring the arms to this position so that the elbows are against the ribs, the hands out with palms up. Keep turning. Now as you turn, reach out straight in front of you. Right straight toward your hand that is reflected in the mirror with the palm of your hand up as if you were to receive a coin dropped in your hand. Be sure that you have your elbows in close to your sides and that your hands go directly for the mirror in a perfectly straight line, (as in Figs. 4 and 5) continuing to turn on this rod supposed to be driven through the body from the top of the head into the floor. Continue this exercise until you have it well fixed in your mind.

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Fig. 4. Turn well around and reach far out directly towards your mirror with the left hand just as though you were reaching for a coin. Then bend the arm back to the position in Fig. 3.

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Fig. 5. The same movement as in Fig. 4, but with the right hand. Keep turning 'Without swaying, reaching out first with the left and then with the right, returning first one and then the other arm to the position in Fig. 1.

Now clench your fist, and continue the movement. Be sure that the propulsion of

the blow comes from a twist of the body. If you have followed the directions carefully you will find that you are now delivering a perfectly scientific blow with both hands. The propulsion comes from a twist of the body.

Back of the hand is toward the floor. Be careful that the elbows come back closely

to the sides. Continue this motion as vigorously as you please. You will find it a most excellent exercise for the vital organs and it will also get you in the way of delivering a very powerful blow.

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Fig. 6. Clench the fists. Now Strike. As you turn give a snappy twist to the body. Don't shove or sway forward, just twist.

The Way to Make a Fist

Double the fingers in the palm of the hand, not squeezing them tightly into the palm, and especially do not draw down the little finger; in placing your fist on the bureau as you stand by it, with the arm hanging at the side, the big knuckles of the hand should be the only point of contact. This you will see will describe a straight line from the big knuckle up the wrist, up the forearm, to the elbow. This is the cor-rect way of making a fist. Any other way is wrong and liable to cause a fracture of the wrist if the blow should be delivered with too much force. The thumb should always be wrapped over the second joint of the fingers.

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Correct Fist Incorrect Fist

Change of Position

Left foot flat on the ground with the heel down. Right foot far enough to the rear

to retain balance of body, with the heel raised and toe pointed at the looking-glass. Toes pointed toward the looking-glass. Weight of the body directly over the left foot.

Imagine a rod passing through the left leg. through the body, and on that rod you must turn. The right foot should rest upon its ball with the heel about two inches from the ground. Now continue the straight blow which has just been described, turning on this imaginary rod, obtaining the propulsion from the waist and the push of the right foot (as in Figs. 7 and 8).

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Fig. 7. Change of position. Left foot flat on the ground with heel down. Right foot with heel raised and toe pointed at the looking glass. Right foot in rear with space enough to retain the balance of the body. Toes pointed toward the looking glass. Weight of body directly over the left foot. Continue this exercise until thoroughly satisfied that you understand it. You will

find that it will enable you to get the force of the blow from the turn of the body and deliver a left hand blow scientifically and easily, which is, for a right-hand man, a rather difficult trick to acquire.

NOTE - These blows with the left hand and with the right hand, which have just been described, are known as the straight blows, and the only proper method of delivering a straight blow is with the elbow in close to the side and the back of the hand parallel with the floor. Never permit the elbow to be raised in the air when delivering a straight blow.

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Fig. 8. Continue the straight blow, obtaining the propulsion from the waist and the push of the right foot.

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Fig. 9. Swinging Blow-Assume the original position of feet about 12 to 18 inches apart. Elbows bent and at the sides - PALMS OF THE HANDS DOWN; fist clenched; blow to be delivered with the index knuckle or the first two knuckles, swinging the body and hitting with a sort of a rotary motion of the arms.

Swinging Blows and Corkscrew Blows

Assume the original position of feet about 12 to 18 inches apart. Elbows bent and

at the sides - palms of the hands down; fist clenched; blow to be delivered with the index knuckle or the first two knuckles, swinging the body and hitting with a sort of a rotary motion of the arms (see Fig. 9).

This is the swinging blow. In that blow you dispense with the idea of the rod running through the body, as each blow with the left and with the right hand is done with

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a swaying motion. This is a very good exercise for the waist and will give great elasticity and strength to that portion of the body.

Continue this exercise until you desire to cease.

The Corkscrew blow is delivered with the left hand well out with the back of the hand almost parallel with the floor. A straight blow delivered with this arm with a sudden twist of the hand so that the first two knuckles reach the point of contact with a snap has a cork-screw effect, and if landed on the point of the jaw is a serious blow. The hand turns from palm up to palm down just before landing the blow.

Fig. 10. Bring the hands well up to the chin, throwing them out in front of you as in the breast stroke.

5. Lesson II -The Guard

Take the first position in front of the mirror as described in the Hit.

Feet 12 to 18 inches apart, toes pointed toward the mirror and feet parallel with each other.

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Make the notions of the breast stroke in swimming, bringing your hands open

well up to the chin (Fig. 10), throwing them out in front of you (Fig. 11) then sweeping them to your side (Fig 12).

Continue this motion until you get the idea in your mind. Be sure that your hands at the outward stroke go a little above the head. This is an exaggeration of Prof. Donovan's famous leverage guard.

Fig. 11. Be sure the hands run up above the head as they are extended.

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Fig. 12. Sweep the arms to the sides as in the breast stroke in swimming.

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Fig. 13. Second position. Left foot forward, right foot back. Both toes pointed toward the mirror. Continue the breast stroke, not with the hands in unison, but with the hands going alternately forward.

Now assume the second position, which is with the left foot forward and the right

back. Both toes pointing toward the mirror. Con-tinue the breast stroke as in swimming, but in-stead of moving the hands in unison, bring them forward alternately (Fig. 13).

Be sure that the hands run up above the head as they are extended. You will find that your hands are performing a sort of ellipse, as the shape of an egg.

Keep the hands open, running them well out in front, always bearing in mind the breast stroke in swimming, which is performed identically as the leverage guard only not so exaggerated, and there you have the celebrated Donovan leverage guard.

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Fig. 14. With left elbow to side, and left fist prepared to strike, twist the body, sending the fist toward the looking glass.

Now with the left elbow to the side and left fist prepared to strike (Fig 14), twist

the body, sending the left fist towards the looking-glass. Be sure that the propulsion comes from the twist of the body, right hand alternately performing the guard with hand open, palm down. There you will have an exercise which Prof. Donovan gave his pupils and which is called the lead, guard; lead, guard; lead, guard; lead, guard; lead, guard.

Blocking

Blocking a blow is done with the right elbow close to the side, naturally, not constrictedly - hand open, and palm forward; forearm almost parallel with the body. To block a swing, just move the right arm to the right or the left arm to the left with the hand open, palm toward the looking-glass; forearm almost straight up in the air and parallel with the body. Elbows down (see Fig. 15). This is the block and is easily performed.

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Always guard a blow with the hand open, as the length of the fingers give so much more opportunity to guard the blow.

Fig.15. Blocking. To block a swing, just move the right arm to the right or left arm to the left. with the hand open, palm toward the looking glass; forearm almost straight up in the air being parallel with the body. Elbows down.

The Stomach Guard

Assuming the position of a boxer, which is with the left hand prepared to strike; the right hand open and in front of the face; eyes just looking over the top of the glove or hand.

Now swing the left forearm over the pit of the stomach at the same time crossing the right hand over near the face (as in Fig. 16) so as to prevent or guard against a right hand swing for the jaw.

You will find that you can swing this left forearm over the pit of the stomach very quickly and it is the best guard for the stomach and prevents much severe punishment.

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Learn this guard faithfully, as it will save you many a sad moment if you have an opponent who is a body puncher. You will find that by using this guard it will be very difficult for him to land an effective body blow.

Fig. 16. Stomach Guard. Swing the left forearm over the pit of the stomach at the same time crossing the right hand over near the face so as to prevent or guard against a right hand swing for the jaw.

A Fancy Guard

Catch the left lead of the opponent with the left hand open, pushing it across your face to the right, catching the opponent's left lead as it approaches the point of contact. This will throw the opponent off his balance and leave him open to attack. The same can be done with the right hand on the left lead, also catch-ing the left lead as it approaches the face and throwing it with the right hand across the face and pushing it toward your left side.

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3. Lesson III - The Duck

Stand in front of the mirror in the first position. Toes pointing toward the mirror, feet 12 to 18 inches apart and parallel.

Hands at the side. Slowly draw the chin down toward the right collarbone,

presenting the side of the frontal bone of the head to the mirror (as in Fig. 17).

Be sure that the head is not turned too much to one side, leaving the ear exposed. A blow on the ear is more disastrous than a blow on the nose.

If you will bear in mind to assume the attitude of a goat butting, you will get the correct position of the duck.

Fig. 17. Assume the attitude of a goat butting, and you will get the correct position for the duck.

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Now looking at yourself in the mirror, draw your chin slowly down to the left collarbone, (as in Fig. 18) again being certain that the right ear is not too much exposed, and that the part of the head where the horns of the goat would naturally be is presented toward the mirror.

Be careful not to present the top of the head to the mirror. The blow, if it reaches the head, will glance off but as a rule it will slip by without touching the head, because the least change of the head will cause it to evade the blow. In other words, the attitude is of a goat preparing to butt.

Fig. 18. Be sure the head is not turned too much to one side, leaving the ear exposed.

Remember always to keep the chin down, even when facing the mirror. If you

cannot look your opponent in the eye with your chin down, look at his shoulders or even at his waist-line, and you will be perfectly able to note the direction of his blows.

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Fig. 19. Draw the chin down to one side. This protects the jaw and saves the nose, too.

Some expert boxers even look at the floor to the right, which is their opponent's left side (as in Fig. 19). This is often disconcerting to the opponent, should he be used to looking in the eyes of the man with whom he is boxing, for it upsets him not to be able to look in the eyes, and yet if you get yourself accustomed to this direction of your gaze, you will be able to note the manner and speed of your opponent's blows as easily as if you were looking in his eyes.

We wish to again caution you with regard to always keeping the chin down. It would be exceedingly difficult to knock a man insensible with his chin down, whereas if he holds his chin up a forceful blow on the jaw would result in a knockout and this can easily be avoided by keeping the chin down and well drawn into the neck.

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Always hold chin down and head in position of butting goat on delivering every blow. This prevents receiving blow on the nose. NOTE - The duck seems to be a lost art among boxers. Few of the experts are masters of this fundamental. It is laughable to sit at a ringside and notice the amateurs and professionals who box for prizes and money stand up and take all the blows that are coming their way; on the nose or in the face, seemingly never thinking of ducking. Cauliflower ears, broken noses, blackened eyes, scarred faces, a generally battered-up condition of the physiognomy is the result.

These marks of a boxer are seldom seen on the faces of the ex-perts. The early fighters with bare knuckles often carried scars on their faces, especially their foreheads, where they endeavored to break the knuckles of the opponent by the hard frontal bone of the head.

Cauliflower ears and broken noses do not speak well for a boxer, as they

generally indicate lack of science. There is only one scientific way of ducking. There are several ways that are

decidedly unscientific. To those ways we will not call attention, but will dwell upon the proper method.

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7 Lesson IV - Footwork

Assume an easy attitude before the mirror, with the hands loosely at the side, and perform a sort of dog dance throwing the weight of the body first on the left foot and then on the right, (as in Figs. 20 and 21). Perform this motion for an agreeable length of time. Re-member the body must be absolutely lax in every muscle, just like a wet rag.

Footwork is the fourth fundamental of Boxing, and one which is but little understood. Only the top-notchers are experts in this department of the manly art, and even some of the experts are deficient in the scientific method which should be pursued.

Fig. 20. Perform a sort of clog dance, throwing the weight of the body first on the left foot and then on the right, bearing in mind the looseness of the clog dancer.

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Fig. 21. The body must be absolutely lax in every muscle. The mental picture which is an exaggeration of the attitude of a Boxer, is that of

a Clog Dancer or Marionette.

Discontinue the motion of clog dancing, and standing before the mirror, place your left foot flat on the ground, heel down, the toe pointing toward the mirror. Right foot conveniently placed to the rear, resting on the ball of the foot with the heel slightly raised from the ground, weight well forward on the left foot, (as in Fig. 22).

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Fig. 22. Assume the attitude of a boxer. Move in a sort of gliding motion, with the right foot always behind the left, the left foot always flat on the ground.

NOTE - The Boxer must be perfectly loose in his joints. Boxing should be done literally by foot work, and not by leg work. Most boxers use leg work and not foot work, often throwing most of the weight of the body upon the right leg, which strains it badly, and as the contest progresses makes the boxer very slow in his movements, as it tightens the muscles of the right leg in a constricted manner.

Assume the attitude of a boxer; now move around the room in a sort of gliding motion with the right foot always behind the left, the left foot always flat on the ground.

You need never be on the toe of the left foot unless a blow is being delivered. This will never weary one, and if the propulsion comes from the ball of the right foot, and the twist of the waist, you will find that a blow is very swiftly and powerfully delivered and can also be gauged as to its intensity with fine accuracy.

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8. Lesson V - Feinting and Clinching

The object of feinting is to deceive your opponent. The least tiring and most

effective way of feinting is to bend the left knee quickly, and possibly accompanying it with a bend of the right knee at the same time. The bend should be very slight, but quickly executed.

This feint ties your opponent up in a knot - he expects to be attacked. It will tire you very little, but will tire your opponent in a marked degree, especially if he is not in good condition.

Fig. 23. Feinting. A little quick bend of the left knee, and possibly accompanied with a bend of the right knee at the same time.

Clinching

This is a department of the sport which should be done scientifically and as a method of protection. Unless you find it is necessary to protect yourself by clinching, it is by all means advisable not to clinch, but to permit your antagonist to clinch you, if

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possible around the neck (as in Fig. 24), leaving your arms free, and then with uppercuts, you may devote all your attention to his body. This attitude is according to the rules of Boxing, perfectly fair and square.

A great deal of damage can be done the opponent by permitting him to clinch you around the neck, while using both your arms to deliver punches in his stomach.

If, to protect yourself from the assaults of a stronger or more careful scientific opponent, you should find it necessary to clinch, try to grasp the arms and not the body of your op-ponent. You can easily find his arms by run-ning your hands from the shoulders down the sides, and quickly grasping his arms with his body, or his arms alone. His hands are the weapons of offense, so bear in mind that it is essential to stop his hands from acting. Those hands of your opponent can only be stopped by pinning his arms or hands to his sides. That is a very valuable point on clinching.

Fig. 24. Permit your antagonist to clinch you around your neck, leaving your arms free, and then with your arms devote all your attention to his body.

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Fig. 25. If you find it necessary to clinch, grasp the arms of your opponent.

Another method of clinching, one which was employed by Johnson when he fought Jeffries, is to grasp the opponent's biceps, hold-ing both biceps in both hands; the opponent's left bicep with the right hand and his right bicep with the left hand, and when he attempts to strike, just pushing them back (as in Fig. 25). If the rules of the contest permits hitting in the break-away; as the opponent breaks away, either hand can be easily converted into an uppercut, with very telling effect.

9. Mass Boxing Easily Taught

The war experience has brought in a new point of view regarding the value of boxing movements.

Heretofore the popular point of view has been largely limited to conceiving boxing as a match between two in-dividuals in which each would endeavor to get the better of the other through offensive blows. This frequently developed into very vigorous

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and pugnacious hitting and considerable temper. Often it degenerated into profes-sional prize fighting.

A more recent point of view, which has grown quite extensively, is boxing for points, in which the vigor of the blow is not essential. To have the opponent miss his objective is considered as effective as to land a blow on him.

Boxing, however, as competition requires considerable skill and more preparation than most men can give to it, and, furthermore, has attending it considerable danger of facial disfigurement, particularly to the uninitiated in the earlier stages of preparation.

In training soldiers in the camps boxing developed a new function. It was used as a form of preparatory exercise in training for bayonet drill. There was found to be a very close relation between the movements used in boxing - both of arm and foot - and those used in bayoneting. These exercises were taught en masse and did not necessarily require gloves. Mass boxing therefore developed very extensively.

Boxing exercises, furthermore, can be used, if carefully selected and properly arranged, for the purpose of securing wholesome, vigorous exercise, having the additional value of being interesting.

Mass Boxing, therefore, if the movements are not too complex, can be used with profit as a form of calisthenic exercise.

Mr. Alpheus Geer, of the Marshall Stillman Association, has been interested in boxing as an amateur and as a layman for fully a quarter century and has developed a very ingenious and effective system of boxing exercises and brought them within the range of the average man.

He has broken up the boxing exercises into simple parts and arranged them in such fashion that they may be used in calisthenic classes in which large numbers take part. It is exceedingly interesting, as one watches the drill, to see how elusively a strong, vigorous blow emerges from a simple and apparently unrelated movement. Blows, guards and foot work follow in easy and logical relation and because the men may use them vigorously without injury they constitute good exercise.

The exercises contained in this book will be found adaptable to large groups, within the reach of men who know nothing about boxing, and constitute a series of most interesting exercises which can with profit be used either in whole or in part as a phase of the calisthenic drill.

Directors of physical training in Young Men's Christian Associations, in schools

and colleges and in other organizations, will find the drill exceedingly interesting and adaptable. I heartily commend its use. GEORGE J. FISHER, M.D. Formerly Head Physical Director of the Y. M. C. A.

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The following drill in Mass Boxing should appeal strongly to the physical directors of our Y. M. C. A.'s, to the Army and Naval officers in charge of physical development, to the leaders of the Boy Scout movement, in fact all leaders who are anxious to give those in their charge a form of exercise as beneficial in every way as calisthenics, but vastly more interesting and valuable.

It is sad but true that not more than 2% of the men in this country of ours know

anything about the manly art of self-defense. Give any of them an opportunity to learn the science of the game without the disagreeable battering to which most men are subjected when learning to box, and they will be exceedingly grateful.

By the drill explained in this course, at least 90 men out of 100 in the class will get a working knowledge of the art of self-defense. Boys and men of any age will respond to it with enthusiasm, because it opens an entirely new activity to them - one which they know is valuable.

Here is an opportunity for any leader to teach a large number of men a valuable art. We are exceedingly gratified at the way many have already responded, and think that others will do likewise just as soon as they realize the advantage of this drill.

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9. II - MASS BOXING - Straight Blows

First Movement. Spread your feet 12 to 18 inches apart, feet pointed straight forward. Imagine a rod running through the head and the backbone into the floor, and on that rod you are supposed to turn. Be sure not to sway. Holding both hands out to the right (as in Fig. 26), command will be given to the performers to turn right, left; right, left; right, left. The leader swings his arms first from left to right, or in the opposite direction to that of the class in front.

Fig 26 Fig 27 Get the propulsion from the hip. See that the body of everyone turns well around

pivot-ing on the hip. Perform this motion for at least 20 to 30 times, knowing that each member of the

class turns freely and easily, getting the propulsion from the hip or waist. Keep the arms loose, letting them sway as the body is forced from left to right.

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Second Movement. Place the hands open immediately underneath the armpits

(Fig. 27), i.e., the right hand open under the right armpit with elbow close in. Then perform the same motion as in movement No.1 - that is, turn-ing on the imaginary rod. See that each member of the class does this movement easily and forcefully. Perform this movement 20 or 30 times. Third Movement. Have the class cease moving, and with the hands in second position draw out the arm in front, reaching out with the hand, palm up, as if about to receive a coin (see Fig. 4). This is to perfect the arm movement. Make sure that the palms of the hands are turned up, which forces the elbow in. Per-form this movement 20 or 30 times.

Fig 28 Fig 29 Fourth Movement. Place the right hand down at the side, the left hand remaining open underneath the left arm pit (Fig. 28). Then reach out, turning to the right on the imaginary rod. See that the left hand remains open (Fig. 29) and that the turn of the body is done easily and naturally, with the left elbow com-ing in close to the body on the return move-ment. Give the command, one, two; one, two; one, two; one, two. Fifth Movement. Place the right hand in the same relative position as the left and give the command, left, right; left, right. Make sure that every member of the class has the palm of the hand open and. is reaching alternately with either arm. Execute this movement for at least 20 or 30 times with the hand open.

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Then give the command to close the hand (see Fig. 6), making a fist, and if you

have compelled the class to perform the movement as indicated, you will find they will be striking a powerful blow both with the left hand and with the right.

The knuckles should always be on the diagonal. That is one of the reasons why the exercises are performed with the hand held open before closing the fist. When the fist is closed the knuckles are then in the proper position. Give the command to your class: left, right; left, right; left, right. Be sure that the strength of the blow comes from the waist, the twist of the body, with the elbows coming back, close to the sides, the back of the knuckles almost parallel with the floor. These movements will positively assure a scientific delivery of a straight left-hand and right-hand punch.

9. III - MASS BOXING - Swinging Blows

First Movement. Hold the right hand open, palm down, in front of the chest (Fig. 30), forearm on the diagonal. Swing the arm around the neck (Fig. 31). Give command to your class: one, two; one, two; one, two; one, two.

Perform the same motion with the left hand, the right hand being placed at the side. Be sure that the palm of the left hand is down; left forearm on the diagonal.

Move it just over the right shoulder as in the former motion, bringing it down to

the side and moving it up again with the command: one, two; one, two; one, two. Then take the right hand and per for m the first movement. In other words, alternate with the right and the left hands with your com-mand: one, two; one, two; one, two.

When you have executed this movement a sufficient number of times, give the com-mand to double the fist. Make your class swing with the body movement (Fig. 32).

Be sure that the palm of the hand is down, so that the impact of the blow is received on the large , knuckle at the base of the index finger. This movement, performed with a swaying motion of the body, constitutes the most powerful blow in boxing. Be sure not to allow your class to swing with the arm too far extended. A swinging blow should be delivered in such a manner that the shoulder and weight of the body are behind the blow. When delivering this swinging blow, the boxer should always step in closer to his opponent.

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Fig 30 Fig 31 Fig 32

9. IV - MASS BOXING - Guarding

At the command: "one," bring the elbows together in front of the chest (see Fig. 10), the backs of the hands underneath the chin, fingers pointed straight forward. At the command "two" force the hands out at an angle of 45 degrees in front of the face a little higher than the head (Fig. 11), palms of the hands outward.

At the command "three," perform a movement as if swimming, throwing the

hands way out to the side (Fig. 12). At the command "four" bring the hands down to the thighs. Repeat these four motions until the class is executing them easily, as an

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exaggerated breast stroke in swimming. The idea of this guard is to get into your pupils' minds the necessity of thrusting the hands out first.

Second Motion. Place the right elbow in front of the chest with the back of the hand resting under the chin, fingers straight forward. At the command "one" thrust the hand out directly in front of the face.

At the command "two" return the hand to the original position with the arm bent and elbow close in to the chest. Give the command: one, two; one, two; one, two. See that each pupil has the palm of the hand outward, fingers pointed straight forward, arm going straight out. This, motion, with an added shove of the hand only, is a perfect leverage guard and the most powerful guard in the world.

Drill your class well in this, as it is the most difficult guard to learn when

approached with the usual kind of instruction. Repeat with the left hand, making the same motions as with the right. When you have your class sufficiently well-trained you can give them the command to guard first with the right and then with the left, making sure that each member of the class keeps his elbow in, and throws his, hand out in front of his face quickly.

To learn the straight left-hand punch and the leverage guard inside of one lesson is a remarkable feat, and one never attempted by a boxing professor using the accepted style of teaching. Drill your class thoroughly in these two fundamentals and you will be teaching a great deal. 9. V - MASS BOXING - Ducking

Command your class to place their hands at their sides, letting them hang naturally, and then proceed to teach them scientific ducking of imaginary blows.

The principal idea lies in butting like a goat (see Figs. 17 and 18). At command "one" pull the chin in to the right collarbone, presenting an imaginary horn to the opponent. At command "two" pull the chin in toward the left collar bone, presenting the right horn to the opponent. The command is: one, two; one, two; one, two. Do not permit your class to engage in this movement too strenuously as it is liable to make the head ache. But give them the idea of butting like a goat.

The only way to butt like a goat is to pull the chin in. If you wish to butt with your

left horn, pull your chin in toward your right collarbone. If you wish to butt with your right horn, pull your chin in toward your left collar bone. This will insure the scientific method of ducking. Caution them against turning the head sidewise - that would expose the temple - a weak spot.

9. VI - MASS BOXING - FootWork

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First Movement. Give the command class to dance a jig like a marionette, perfectly loose, weight divided on either foot. Dance this jig the same way in which regular jig dancers perform the act. It gives the idea of the proper way of distributing the weight first on one foot then on the other.

You can perform any kind of fancy jig dancing that you happen to know as long as you do use too much space. The idea of developing foot work is to make one quick upon on, feet, without extraordinary strain.

Second Movement. After they've got the idea of loose dancing and distributing the

weight, command them to place the left foot flat on the ground and move around (Fig. 22) in a gliding motion. This is a great conserver of energy. All the big heavyweights box flat-footed. A more powerful blow can be struck from that position than when on the toes. Move around cautiously within very limited space, at the same time performing some mo-tions of shadow boxing.

9. VII - MASS BOXING - Upper Cut

With palm of the hand open toward the face move the hand up and down parallel

with the body (see Figs. 33 and 34). First right then left. After having performed this movement 20 or 30 times double the fist, palm of the hand toward your face and proceed to upper-cut. The strength of this blow should come from the back arm muscles and the muscles of the back, rather than from the biceps.

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Fig 33 Fig 34

When you have thoroughly schooled the class in these fundamentals so that at

least 90% of the members are performing the motions scientifically, take up some of the well known blows in boxing and get the whole class to practice simultaneously. For instance, the straight counter, cross counter, cross parry, etc.

Drill in Leads

Give the command to your class to lead with the left. Have them lead three times

for the nose with the left hand, then three times for the stomach with the left hand, swing for the jaw three times with the left hand, upper cut for the body three times with the left hand.

Then perform the same movements with the right hand. You will find they enjoy

this very much. If your class be sufficiently advanced you can then drill them in some of the pet blows of the prominent boxers of the ring as described elsewhere in this course.

Wind up the Mass Boxing Drill with a vigorous assault on the imaginary opponent with 25 blows delivered in each movement. Count them off as you command.

Command 25 blows for the nose, 25 for the stomach, 25 upper cuts and 25 swings for the jaw, winding up with a great deal of physical exertion and in a very snappy manner, and you will find the class will re-spond with great eagerness.

We want to emphasize the following points: In the straight hit, keep the palm of the hand up, knuckles on the diagonal, elbows in so that they come close to the body on the return. Do not let the elbows of any pupil wander away from the body when they return from the snappy blow.

Come straight back, palms of the hands up. If you keep the palms of the hands on

the diagonal you will find that the knuckles will be in the proper position.

The principal feature of the swing is not to permit it to be a loose arm blow as if you were throwing your gloves around like the arms of a wind mill.

The particular feature to observe in the guard is that the elbows are in, not out, and the palms of the hands always open and going straight forward toward the opponent. The particular feature of the duck is to butt like a goat, keeping your chin in and not exposing the side of the head.

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The particular feature of the foot work is to be loose and easy, boxing flat-footed as much as possible so as to avoid muscular strain.

There you have the four fundamentals properly analyzed for you. They are simple to learn and are exceedingly effective in execution.

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