MAJOR BLACKOUT IN THE WORLD

By:

Chandan Kumar

ET ,WRLDC

MAJOR BLACKOUT IN THE WORLD

NAME OF BLACKOUT

MILLIONS OF

PEOPLE

AFFECTED

REGION DURATION

NORTHEAST BLACKOUT 1965 30NORTH EASTERN PART OF NORTH

AMERICA,

SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF CANADA

09-11-1965

12 Hours

SOUTHERN BRAZIL BLACKOUT

199997

SOUTH AND SOUTH-EASTERN

BRAZIL

11-03-1999

30 Hours

NORTH EASTERN REGION OF 14-08-2003/15-08-2003

NORTHEAST BLACKOUT 200355

NORTH EASTERN REGION OF

NORTH AMERICAAMERICA

14-08-2003/15-08-2003

16 Hours

ITALY BLACKOUT 2003 55ITALY,

PARTS OF SWITZERLAND

28-09-2003

3 Hours

JAVA BALI BLACKOUT 2005 100 INDONESIA18-08-2005

7 Hours

BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY

BLACKOUT 200987

CENTRAL, SOUTH AND SOUTH-

EASTERN BRAZIL AND ALL

PARAGUAY

10-11-2009/11-11-2009

5 Hours

NORTH EAST BLACKOUT 1965THE EVENT

� It all started with the tripping of single transmission line from Niagara generatingstation .

� Within 2.5 seconds, four other transmission lines became overloaded and tripped,isolating 1,800 MW of generation at Niagara Station.

� After their isolation, the generators became unstable and tripped off-line.

� The northeast power system became unstable and separated into isolated powersystems (islands) within 4 seconds.

CAUSECAUSE

� Human Error lead to Incorrect setting of relay at Niagara generator leading to linetripping

� Line overloading on rest of four 230KV line leading to their outage..

� Earlier no study was done on Reliability of Interconnected system

LESSON LEARNT

� Planning for Unexpected Events.

� Commissioning of NERC,NYPP,NPCC to develop industry standards for equipmenttesting and reserve generation capacity, as well as preventative measuresgoverning interconnection and reliability .

� Introduction of SCADA/EMS And Auto-Reclosure of CB.

NORTH EAST BLACKOUT 1965

SOUTHERN BRAZIL BLACKOUT 1999

THE EVENT

� Bus fault at the 440 kV Bus bar of Bauru substation due to Lightening .Due toFailure of Bus-Bar protection remote transmission line protection systems wereactivated.

� Six 440 kV circuits were tripped which initiated a process of oscillation that endedwith the cascading shutdown and loss of 2300 MW of Generation.

� 500 kV lines in the Southern system tripped, activating the SPS in the region whichresulted in the HVDC link loss due to voltage collapse in sao-paulo area.

� In the same manner, the North/South interconnection was tripped by its out-of-step protection. The total interrupted load reached 25,000 MW.

LESSON LEARNT

� Modifications in the physical arrangements of many EHV substations as well as inthe protection and control systems.

� Greater detailing in maintenance planning to avoid exposure to the higher risks ofblackouts.

� Improvement in the information systems in view of the new environment of theelectric industry as a whole.

� Investment to modernize the operation control centers.

� Better SPS to cope with multiple contingency analysis process.

CAUSE

� Inadequate Situational Awareness of First Energy ‘s System.

� Lack of Investments into the Grids (high Cost-Pressure for the Asset-Owners due to Deregulation), leading to Bottlenecks in Transmission

� Lack of Communication among the Operators

� Need for more Regulatory Works (Rules, Grid Code etc.) for the Operation of Transmission Systems and Power Plants in Case of Cascading Events.

� Weak Points in System Protection, Energy and Demand Side Management - EMS, DSM

NORTHEAST BLACKOUT 2003

LESSON LEARNT

� Make reliability standards mandatory and enforceable, with penalties fornoncompliance

� Develop a regulator-approved mechanism for funding NERC and the regionalreliability councils, to ensure their independence from the parties they oversee

� For More Reliable Grid Operation PMU and WAMPAC was introduced .

NORTHEAST BLACKOUT 2003

ITALY BLACKOUT 2003

EVENTS

� Trip of the Swiss 380 kV line Mettlen-Lavorgo (also called the “Lukmanier” line) at

03:01 caused by tree flashover.

� Load was reduced on the overloaded Sils-Soazza line but that also tripped after a

tree flashover.

� Created overloads on the remaining lines in the area became intolerable and

almost simultaneous and automatic trip of the remaining interconnectors towards

Italy occurred

� The Italian system was isolated from the European network about 12 seconds after

the loss of the line Sils-Soazza.

LESSON LEARNT

� Counter measures must be identified and prepared at each moment and for each

single incident.

� ROW Maintenance practice

� Operator training for emergency procedures.

� System should withstand after loss of N-1 security.

JAVA-BALI BLACKOUT 2005

CAUSE

� A transmission line between Cilegon and Saguling lead to cascading failure.

� two units of the Paiton plant in East Java and six units of the Suralaya plant in West

Java

� Loss of 2300 MW of generation that is roughly half of the supply.

� Deficit of Power due to Low Generation

LESSON LEARNT

� Adequate Generation to meet the needs

� Adequate Transmission line to withdraw power if N-1 Security fails.

� Configuring the Renewable Energy with the grid

BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY BLACKOUT 2009

CAUSE

� Tripping of all the three lines of 765 kV at Itaipu dam due to Phase to ground fault

due to heavy rain and strong wind.

� Loss of 5600MW at Itaipu Generation Plant tripped due to load rejection.

� Cascade tripping of remaining lines in the South-Southeast Brazil which caused

additional load rejection of 2,950Mw

� Then HVDC system tripped causing a total interruption of Approximately

24,500Mw

LESSON LEARNT

� Transmission system equipment should be rated to consider severe environmental

conditions that could occur.

� Maintenance of infrastructure is critical to prevent or minimize the effect of

outages

� Need to enhance it’s transmission system to help prevent cascading outages to

re-route the power in case of tripping of Lines.

BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY BLACKOUT 2009

THANK YOU