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Major Events during the Major Events during the First Half of the First Half of the
Nineteenth CenturyNineteenth Century
Who was the first Who was the first president of the United president of the United
States?States?
•George WashingtonGeorge Washington
Define Define politicalpolitical partyparty..
• A group of people with A group of people with similar beliefs about how similar beliefs about how to run the government.to run the government.
What were the first What were the first two political parties?two political parties?
• FederalistsFederalists
• Democratic-Republicans Democratic-Republicans ( also called simply ( also called simply Republicans)Republicans)
Who led the Who led the Federalists?Federalists?
•Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton
•John AdamsJohn Adams
What were the beliefs What were the beliefs of the Federalists?of the Federalists?
• Strong national governmentStrong national government
• Industrial economy (factories Industrial economy (factories or manufacturing)or manufacturing)
What groups What groups supported the supported the Federalists?Federalists?
•BankersBankers
•BusinessmenBusinessmen
What part of the country What part of the country gave the Federalists their gave the Federalists their
strongeststrongest support? support?
• Northeast (New England)Northeast (New England)
Who led the Who led the Republicans?Republicans?
•Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson
•James MadisonJames Madison
What were the beliefs of What were the beliefs of the Democratic-the Democratic-
Republicans?Republicans?• Weak national governmentWeak national government
• Strong state governmentsStrong state governments
• Agricultural economy (farming)Agricultural economy (farming)
What region gave the What region gave the strongest support to the strongest support to the
Democratic-Republicans?Democratic-Republicans?
•The SouthThe South
What groups supported the What groups supported the Democratic-Republicans?Democratic-Republicans?
• FarmersFarmers
• Artisans (Skilled Craftsmen)Artisans (Skilled Craftsmen)
• Frontier SettlersFrontier Settlers
Who was elected Who was elected president in 1800?president in 1800?
•Thomas Thomas JeffersonJefferson
What president What president bought the Louisiana bought the Louisiana
Territory?Territory?
•Thomas Thomas JeffersonJefferson
From what country did the From what country did the United States purchase the United States purchase the
Louisiana Territory?Louisiana Territory?
•FranceFrance
How did the Louisiana How did the Louisiana Territory affect the size of Territory affect the size of
the United States?the United States?
•Doubled itDoubled it
Who did President Who did President Jefferson send to explore Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana Territory?the Louisiana Territory?
•Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark
Where did the Louisiana Where did the Louisiana Territory lie?Territory lie?
•West of the West of the Mississippi RiverMississippi River
Who was the guide for Who was the guide for the Lewis and Clark the Lewis and Clark
Expedition?Expedition?
•SacajaweaSacajawea
What war lasted from What war lasted from 1812 to 1815?1812 to 1815?
•The War of 1812The War of 1812
What two countries What two countries fought the War of 1812?fought the War of 1812?
•The United StatesThe United States
•Great BritainGreat Britain
What territory did the What territory did the United States claim after United States claim after
the War of 1812?the War of 1812?
•The Oregon The Oregon TerritoryTerritory
What territory did the What territory did the United States acquire in United States acquire in
1819?1819?
•FloridaFlorida
From what country did From what country did the United States the United States acquire Florida?acquire Florida?
•SpainSpain
Who served as Chief Who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Justice of the Supreme
Court during the first 30 Court during the first 30 years of the 19th century?years of the 19th century?
•John MarshallJohn Marshall
To what political party To what political party did John Marshall did John Marshall
belong?belong?
•The FederalistsThe Federalists
Why were the Marshall Why were the Marshall court’s decisions court’s decisions
important?important?
• Made the federal courts a Made the federal courts a co-equal branch of the co-equal branch of the United States governmentUnited States government
How did the Supreme How did the Supreme Court rule in Court rule in Marbury v. Marbury v.
MadisonMadison??
•Declared a federal Declared a federal law unconstitutionallaw unconstitutional
What is the power of What is the power of judicial review?judicial review?
• A court’s power to A court’s power to declare a law declare a law unconstitutionalunconstitutional
What is the Supreme What is the Supreme Court’s main check on Court’s main check on the power of Congress?the power of Congress?
•Judicial ReviewJudicial Review
How did the Marshall court How did the Marshall court rule in rule in McCulloch v. McCulloch v.
MarylandMaryland??
• Forbid the states from taxing Forbid the states from taxing agencies of the federal governmentagencies of the federal government
• Declared a Maryland state law Declared a Maryland state law unconstitutionalunconstitutional
Who said “the power Who said “the power to tax is the power to to tax is the power to
destroy”?destroy”?
•John MarshallJohn Marshall
Why was Why was McCulloch v. McCulloch v. MarylandMaryland important? important?
• Established the power of the Established the power of the federal government over the statesfederal government over the states
• Strengthened the federal courts’ Strengthened the federal courts’ power of judicial reviewpower of judicial review
What issue did the What issue did the Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine
involve?involve?
•Foreign PolicyForeign Policy
What set forth the basic What set forth the basic principles of American foreign principles of American foreign policy from 1823 until the end policy from 1823 until the end
of the 19th century?of the 19th century?
•The Monroe The Monroe DoctrineDoctrine
What were the 4 What were the 4 points of the points of the
Monroe Doctrine?Monroe Doctrine?
• No more European colonies in the No more European colonies in the AmericasAmericas
• Countries in Western Hemisphere Countries in Western Hemisphere were republics; countries in Europe were republics; countries in Europe were monarchieswere monarchies
• If European countries threatened If European countries threatened any country in Americas, then they any country in Americas, then they threatened the United Statesthreatened the United States
• U.S. would stay out of European U.S. would stay out of European affairsaffairs
What continents are in What continents are in the Western the Western Hemisphere?Hemisphere?
•North AmericaNorth America
•South AmericaSouth America
What is a republic?What is a republic?
• A Representative DemocracyA Representative Democracy
• The People elect The People elect representatives to make the representatives to make the lawslaws
Who rules in Who rules in monarchies?monarchies?
•Kings and Kings and QueensQueens
What was the What was the mostmost important important point of the Monroe Doctrine?point of the Monroe Doctrine?
• European countries European countries should stay out of the should stay out of the affairs of the Western affairs of the Western HemisphereHemisphere
What precedent did the What precedent did the Monroe Doctrine set for Monroe Doctrine set for American presidents ?American presidents ?
• American presidents would American presidents would consider it a threat to the United consider it a threat to the United States, if European countries States, if European countries meddled with countries in the meddled with countries in the Western HemisphereWestern Hemisphere
What were two trends in What were two trends in American life during the first American life during the first
half of the 19th century?half of the 19th century?
• Westward MovementWestward Movement• Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development
What type of economy What type of economy developed in the North developed in the North
during the first half of the during the first half of the 19th century?19th century?
• An Industrial EconomyAn Industrial Economy
What two transportation What two transportation improvements encouraged improvements encouraged westward movement and westward movement and economic development?economic development?
•CanalsCanals
•RailroadsRailroads
Who invented the Who invented the cotton gin?cotton gin?
•Eli WhitneyEli Whitney
What did the What did the cotton gin do?cotton gin do?
•Separated cotton Separated cotton seeds from the cotton seeds from the cotton fiberfiber
What did the cotton gin What did the cotton gin cause to spread throughout cause to spread throughout
the Deep South?the Deep South?
• The “Cotton Kingdom” The “Cotton Kingdom” based on African-American based on African-American slaveryslavery
Did the cotton gin Did the cotton gin increase or decrease the increase or decrease the
demand for slaves?demand for slaves?
•IncreasedIncreased
What resulted from American immigration
into Texas?
•An armed revolt against Mexican rule
What happened at the Battle of the Alamo?
•The Mexican army killed all the Texans.
What later happened when the Texans defeated
the Mexican army?
•Texas gained its independence.
What action did the U.S. eventually take in
regard to Texas?
• Annexed Texas
• Added Texas to the U.S.
What idea provided What idea provided political support for political support for
territorial expansion?territorial expansion?
•Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny
What was Manifest What was Manifest Destiny?Destiny?
• The belief that it was God’s The belief that it was God’s will for the United States to will for the United States to stretch from the Atlantic to the stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific OceanPacific Ocean
What war lasted from What war lasted from 1846 to 1848?1846 to 1848?
•The Mexican WarThe Mexican War
What two countries fought What two countries fought in the Mexican War?in the Mexican War?
•The United StatesThe United States
•MexicoMexico
Who won the Who won the Mexican War?Mexican War?
•The United StatesThe United States
What was the What was the Mexican Cession?Mexican Cession?
• The territory the United The territory the United States got from Mexico at States got from Mexico at the end of the Mexican the end of the Mexican WarWar
What present-day What present-day states were part of states were part of
the Mexican the Mexican Cession?Cession?
• CaliforniaCalifornia
• NevadaNevada
• UtahUtah
• ArizonaArizona
• part of Coloradopart of Colorado
• part of New Mexicopart of New Mexico