Date post: | 21-Dec-2015 |
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Major Tissue Major Tissue TypesTypes
• Epithelial Tissue• Connective Tissue• Muscle Tissue• Nervous Tissue
Tissues are groups of cells with a common function.
Germ LayersGerm Layers
1.Endoderm2.Mesoderm3.Ectoderm
All tissue types are derived from 3 primary germ layers
1. Endoderm- internal lining of the gut internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreaspancreas
2. Mesoderm- notochord (in chordates), notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, musclecartilage, muscle
3. Ectoderm- hair, nails, epidermis, hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nervesbrain, nerves
Tight Junction • fluid tight seal • prevents fluid from leaving a cavity
Anchoring Junction (adherens, desmosome &
hemidesmosome) • tissues that stretch, ex. Heart muscle
Gap Junction
• passage of chemical & electrical signals
Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells.
Epithelia comes in 2 forms:1. Glandular epithelia 2. Membranous epithelia
Functions:• Protection• Absorption• Filtration• Excretion• Secretion• Sensory reception
Multicellular exocrine gland: most have supportive connective tissue, secretory unit, blood supply, nerves
• Merocrine- pancreas, sweat glands, salivary• Holocrine- sebaceous• Apocrine- sweat glands, mammary glands
ducted glands
Merocrine gland Holocrine gland
Unicellular exocrine gland: single cells scattered in an epithelial sheet amid cells w/other functions
Goblet cells
• Simple Squamous Epithelium• Simple Cuboidal Epithelium• Simple Columnar Epithelium• Stratified Epithelium• Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium• Transitional Epithelium
Function: gas exchange in lungsLocation: lines blood vessels, lymph vessels and various membranes within the thorax and abdomen
Function: protection, secretion and absorption (associated w/goblet cells-exocrine) Location: lines uterus and digestive tract
1. Smooth muscle (long. layer) 2. Smooth muscle (circ. layer) 3. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Goblet cell 5. Lumen of the intestine
Cross section of small intestine
Function: protects underlying cells from harmful env. effects
Location: covers skin, lines mouth and throat, vagina, and anal canal
1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Lumen of the esophagus 3. Connective tissue
Cross section of esophagus
cornified layer of dead cellscornified layer of dead cells
stratified squamous epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
goblet cellgoblet cell
Function: secretion and propulsion of mucus
Location: lines respiratory and reproductive system
Function: protection and secretion
Location: rare in body, small amount in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands
• Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue• Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue• Adipose TissueAdipose Tissue• CartilageCartilage• BoneBone• BloodBlood
Functions:1. Connects body parts2. Protection3. Insulation4. Transport substances
Common characteristics:1. All originate from mesenchyme2. Well vascularized3. Extracellular matrix
Three main elements:1. Ground substance2. Fibers3. Cells
Cell Types:• Fibroblast• Chondroblast• Osteoblasts• Macrophages• Plasma Cells • Mast Cells• Adipocytes• White Blood Cells
Loose Loose ConnectiveConnective Tissue Tissue(areolar)(areolar)
1. Collagen fiber2. Elastic fiber
• Subcutaneous layer underlying tissues & organs
chondrocyte chondrocyte in lacunain lacuna
collagen collagen fibersfibers
Invertebral discs, pubic symphysis, disks of knees
osteocytes osteocytes in lacunaein lacunae
central central canalcanal
canaliculi canaliculi in matrixin matrix
Inquiry
1. What is the difference between the three types of muscle tissue?
2. What type of epithelia tissue has many layers of flattened cells?
3. What layer in the epidermis are new skin cells produced?
4. What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
5. Which organ system includes the thymus and pancreas?