MAJOR VEGETABLE PEST AND DISEASES HANDBOOK
A FIELD GUIDE FOR SOUTH SUDAN
Manfred Bitala November 26, 2016 (Revised)
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 2
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Early blight:
Tomato
Eggplant
Pepper
Altenaria solani
brown-black spots on
leaves Premature
dropping of lower
leaves, concentric rings
on stem and fruits
Use good certified
seed
Observe field
sanitation
Remove crop
residual immediately
after harvest
Use crop rotation
Banko
Odeon
Daconil
Agril, Agrifos
Amistar xtra
Othello top
Amistar
Othello
Antracol 70 WP
Ebony M72
Folpan 80 WP
King mill MZ 72
Ugonall 580 WP
Ureka 72%
Winner 72
Victory 72
Mistress 72
Chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil
Mono & Di-Potassium phosphate
Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole
Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole
Azoxystrobin
Azoxystrobin
Propineb
Metalaxyl + Mancozeb
Folpet 80%
Metalaxyl+ Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+Mancozeb
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 3
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Late blight:
Tomato
Eggplant
Phytophthora infestans
Dark and dark water
soaked lesions on leafs,
fruits and stem that
expands rapidly
Remove lower diseased leaves,
Use crop rotation
Use trellising to avoid lower leaves and fruits touching the ground
Observe field sanitation and remove crop residue immediately after harvesting
Banko
Odeon
Daconil
Agril, Agrifos
Amistar
Othello
Antracol 70 WP
Ebony M72
Folpan 80 WP
Indofil M45
Ridomil
Sicozeb
Chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil
Mono & Potassium phosphate
Azoxystrobin
Azoxystrobin
Propineb
Metalaxyl + Mancozeb
Folpet 80%
Mancozeb
Mancozeb
Mancozeb
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 4
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Powderly mildew
Tomato
Pepper
Eggplant
Okra
Oidium neolycopersici
Erysiphe orontii,
Leveillula taurica
Whitish Powderly
lesions on leaves,
particularly lower leaves
Avoid irrigation after
3.00pm and during
the night since
wetness on leaves
accelerates infection
Amistar
Othello
Ortiva
Antracol 70 WP
Bayleton
Dakonil
Banko
Odeon
Tilt 250 EC
Azoxystrobin
Azoxystrobin
Azoxystrobin
Propineb
Triadimefon
Chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil
Clorothalonil
Propiconazole
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 5
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name
Fusarium wilt
Tomato
Okra
Pepper
Fusarium oxyporum
Sudden plant wilting from down
upwards with leaves changing
from green to yellow colour
Use crop rotation
Control measures against
nematodes
Use resistant varieties
Observe basic practice
plant nutrition requirement
Proper irrigation
No known effective
chemicals
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 6
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides
Bacterial wilt
affects all solanaeceous
Pseudomonas
solanasearum
Sudden plant wilts from top
downwards with the colour of
the wilting plant remaining
green.
This happens after the start of
fruit setting
Use resistant variety
Use long crop rotation involving sorghum in rotation
Observe good agricultural practices
No known effective
pesticides available
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 7
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides
Viral diseases
Affects different crops
Stunted growth
Leaf crinkling
Leaf and fruit mosaic and
mottling
Avoid cigarette smoking
in farm
Ensure good control of
white flies, aphids and
other sucking insects
Remove and destroy
affected plants away
from farm
No effective chemicals
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 8
Insect Damages Control Pesticide trade
name Active ingredient
White flies
Tomato
Pepper
Okra
Bamesia tabaci
Sucking insects.
Affects plants by sucking water
from leaves and fruits as well as
transmitting viral diseases
Spray liquid soap
50ml per
knapsack (15-
20lts)
Observe crop
rotation and field
sanitation
Buffalo 100 EC
Karate 5 EC
Mitac 20EC
Ninja 5EC
TATA MIDA
200SL
Dimethotae 20%
Beta-cyfluthrin &
Imidacloprid
Lambda-
cyhalothrin
Amitraz 20%
Lambda-
cyhalothrin
Imidacloprid
Dimethoate 20%
Actara
Confidor
Thiamethoxam
Imidacloprid
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 9
Insect Damage Control Pesticide trade
name Active ingredient
Aphids
Tomato
Pepper
Eggplant
Okra
Aphis spp.
Sucking insects.
Affects plants by sucking
water from leaves and fruits
as well as transmitting viral
diseases
Spray liquid
soap 50ml per
knapsack (15-
20lts)
Observe crop
rotation and
field sanitation
Actara 25WG
Attakkan 350 SC
Buffalo 100 EC
Celcron 50 EC
Confidor 70 WG
Decis
Dudu cyper
Cyperscope
Mega power
Ambush
Cyper laser
Dudu all
Thiamethoxam
Imidacloprid
Betacyfluthrin & Imidacloprid
Profenofos
Imidacloprid
Deltamethrin
Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin +Chloropyrifos
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 10
Pest Damages Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Boll worms
Tomato
Okra
Lepidoptera
Spodoptera
Noctuidae
Sphingidae
Arctiidae
Fruit borer.
Enters the fruits when
they are young. If not
controlled can cause
up to 100% losses
Observe field
sanitation
Crop rotation
Immediate
elimination of
crop residues
after harvest
Decis
Celcron 50 EC
Diaznon 60%
Karate 5EC
Mitac 20EC
Ninja 5 EC
Rocket 44EC
Deltamethrin
Profenofos
Diaznon
Lambda-cyhalothrin
Amitraz 20%
Lambda-cyhalothrin
Profenofos+cypermethrin
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 11
Pest Damages Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Leaf miner
Tomato
Eggplant
pepper
Liriomyza sp
The pests affect
crops by causing
visible tunnels on
leaves
Observe field
sanitation
Crop rotation
Immediate removal
of crop residue after
harvest.
Don’t over use one
type of pesticide
Attakkan 350 SC
Buffalo 100 EC
Celcron 50EC
Confidor 70 WG
Diazinon 60%
TC imidacloprid
Imidacloprid
Betacyfluthrin &
Imidacloprid
Imidacloprid
Imidacloprid
Diaznon
Imidaclopprid+
Acetamiprid
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 12
Pest Damages Control Pesticide trade
name Active ingredient
Root knot nematodes
tomato
Pepper
Eggplant
Okra Meloidogyne spp
Stunted growth
Wilting and formation
of root nodules
Observe farm
history before
planting
Use crop rotation
and resistant
varieties
Fenomen 400 EC Fenamiphos 40%
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 13
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticide trade
name Active ingredient
Downy mildew
Allium
Perenospora destructor
Pale green oval shaped lesions with brownish spores on leaves
Observe crop rotation
field and stores sanitation
Agril 407, Agrifos 400
Antracol 70 WP
Folpan 80 WP
Milraz 76 WP
Mistress
Previcur Energy
Indofil M45
Ugonall 580
Ureka 72
King mill MZ 72
Mono and Di-Potassium phosphate
Propineb
Folpet 80%
Propineb + Cymoxanil
Cymoxanil + Mancozeb
Propamocarb + Fosetyl
Mancozeb
Etalaxyl+Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+mancozeb
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 14
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticide trade
name Active ingredient
White tip
Allium
Phytopthora porri
Whitish water soaked
lesion are seen on leaf
tips
Observe crop
rotation
Use drip irrigation
Agril 407,
Agrifos 400
Antracol 70 WP
Folpan 80 WP
Othello
Banko
Mono & Di Potassium
phosphate
Propineb
Folpet 80%
Azoxystrobin
Chlorothalonil
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 15
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticide trade
name Active ingredient
Purple blotch
Allium
Altenaria porri
Whitish dots on leaves
Irregular chlorosis on leaf tops and circular to oblong concentric rings.
Lesions develops towards the leaf bases
Avoid over irrigation
Ensure good drainage immediately after heavy storm
Use drip irrigation
Agrifos 400 Amistar
Othello
Antracol 70 WP
Baycor
Bayfidan 250 EC
Banko
Odeon
Score 25 EC
Mono & Di Potassium phosphate
Azoxystrobin
Azoxystrobin
Propineb
Bitertanol
Triadimenol
Chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil
Difenoconazole
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 16
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Leaf blight
Affects many
crops
Botrytis spp.
Large number of
specks are seen on
leaves spreading
rapidly on foliage
Observe field
sanitation
Remove crop
residual
immediately after
harvest
Use crop rotation
Antracol 70 WP
Baycor
Goldazim 50 SC
Bayfidan 250 EC
Banko
Daconil
Ivory 72
Victory 72
Mistress 72
Winner 72
Propineb
Bitertanol
Cabendazim 50%
Triadimenol
Chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil
Metalaxyl +
Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+mancozeb
Metalaxyl+Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+Mancozeb
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 17
Pest Damages Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Thrips
Affects many
crops
Thrips tabaci
Feeds on the young
leaves in the inner
neck of the plants.
Tend to develop
resistance to
chemical control
Regular insect
scouting
Ensure field
sanitation
Use sticker spreader
to have good
coverage when
spraying
Prove 1.92 EC.
Selecron 720 EC
Dimethoate 40%
TATAMIDA 200SL
Tracer 480 EC
Attakkan 350 SC
Diazinon 60 EC
TC-Imidacloprid
Emamectin benzoate
Profenofos
Dimethoate40%
Imidacloprid
Spinosad48%
Imidacloprid
Diaznon
Imidacloprid+Acetamiprid
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 18
Pest Damages Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Cutworms
Onion and many
other crops
Lepidoptera
Spodoptera
Noctuidae
Hides in soil or
litter materials and
attack particularly
young plants
during the night.
They are larvae of
various spp. of
moth
Weed and remove
vegetation at least
5M surrounding
the fields.
Observe crop
rotation
Prove 1.92 EC
Chloropyrifos 48%
Rimon
Tracer 480 SC
Karate
Ninja 5 EC
Emamectin
benzoate
Chloropyrifos 48%
Novaluron 10%
Spinosad 48%
Lambda-
cyhalothrin
Lambda-
cyhalothrin
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 19
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Bacteria Soft Rot
cabbage
Erwinia carotovora
Appearance of water
soaked lesions
characterized with rapid
expansion and collapse
of plats giving offensive
odor
Observe crop
rotation
field sanitation
elimination of crop
residuals
immediately after
harvest
clean
tools,equipments
and stores
immediately after
use
No known pesticides
available
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 20
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Cabbage rot
cabbage
many other crops
Sclerotinia screrotiorum
(fungus)
Produce cottony
white mold when
rotting
Small dark spores
are also seen
Remove old lower
leaves to avoid
them touching the
ground
Use of mulching
Use drip irrigation
crop rotation
Banko
Daconil
Odeon
Othello
Amistar
Silvacur
Ridomil
chlorothalonil
chlorothalonil
chlorothalonil
Azoxystrobin
Azoxystrobin
Tebuconazole +
Triadimenol
Mancozeb
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 21
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name
Black rot
Cruciferae
Xanthomonas campestris
(pv campestris)
(bacteria)
Appearance of ‘V’ shaped
yellowing from the edges of
leaves in ward, then
browning and become
brittle.
Cutting through the plant
black discoloration tissue
are seen along the stem
Use clean and safe
seeds
Use resistant varieties
Use raised beds and
avoid water logging
conditions in fields
use crop rotation
No known
agrochemicals
available
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 22
Pests Damages Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Cutworms
tomato
okra
pepper
eggplant
Agrotis spp.
Attack young plants
during the night
cutting near the
ground.
They are larvae of
various spp. of moth
Observe field
sanitation
Surrounding
areas at least 5M
weed free all the
time
Brigade LE
Dursban
Karate, Ninja
Match
Prove 1.92 EC
Rimon
Tracer
Bifenthrin
Chloropyrifos
Lambda-cyhalothrin
Lufenuron
Emamectin benzoate
Novaluron 10%
Spinosad 48%
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 23
Pests Damages Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Diamond back moth
(DBM)
Cruciferae
Plutella xylostella
A chewing insect that
cause windowing and
skeletonization of the
leaves.
It is also
characterized by
rapid multiplication
Use of live barrier
Observe field
sanitation
Clean surroundings
Use crop rotation
Regular field
inspection at least
twice per week
Buffalo 100 EC
Celcron 50 EC
Match 5 EC
Metazam
Karate, Ninja 5 EC
Deltamethrin 2.5%
Diazinon 60%
Betacyfluthrin &
Imidacloprid
Profenofos
Lufenuron
Metarhizium anisopriae
Lambda-cyhalothrin
Deltamethrin
Diaznon
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 24
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name
Active
ingredient
Bacterial spot
Pepper
tomato
Xanthomonas spp.
Circular spots on
leaves and fruits
causing defoliation and
fruit drop at advanced
stage.
Occurrence is highly
favored by high
temperature and
relative humidity
Avoid splash from
rain and overhead
irrigation Use crop
rotation
Field sanitation
Use resistant
varieties
Use disease free
seeds
Drip irrigation is
highly
recommended
Cobox
Copper nordox
50WP
Ridomil
Indofil
Copper
oxychloride
Copper
oxychloride
Mancozeb
Mancozeb
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 25
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name
Active ingredient
Anthracnose
Pepper
tomato
Colletotricum spp.
Water soaked sunken
circular depressions
with concentric rings
in the lesions appear
more on mature/
ripening fruits
small and irregular
shaped gray/brownish
spots with dark brown
edges can be seen on
stem and leaves
Proper field
sanitation
Crop rotation
good plant
nutrition program
use good quality
seedlings
Banko
Daconil
Odeon
Rodomil
Indofil
Chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil
chlorothalonil
Mancozeb
Mancozeb
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 26
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Verticillium Wilt
All solanaecious
Verticillium spp.
Stunted growth
Yellowing of lower
leaves
Browning of outer
ring of vascular
bundle from roots
up to about 30cm
above the soil
General wilting of
the plants
Observe history of the
farm before production
Use good plant nutrition
Observe good cultural
practices
Use drip irrigation to
reduce spread
No known effective
chemicals available
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 27
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name
Active
ingredient
Fruit rot
Eggplant
Pepper
Tomato
Phomopsis vexans
On leaves, development of
grey/ brown lesions which
appears to be clear at centers,
with brown, dry, sunken
cracked cancer on stems
On fruits symptoms start with
small sunken grey/brown
lesions then expand and joining
forming concentric rings that
are yellow/ brown margins
Use disease free
seeds
Use crop
rotation (3-
years),
Immediate
remove and
destroy affected
plants
Use of high rate
of phosphorous
and potassium
fertilizers
Royalcap 500 FS
Capten 50WP,
Merpan 50 WP
Goldazim 50 SC
Odeon
Banko
Cobox
Copper nordox 50WP
Indofil
Ridomil
Captan
Captan
Captan
Carbendazim,
Chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil
Copper oxychloride
Copper oxychloride
Mancozeb
Mancozeb
SSADP - Major Vegetable Pest and Disease Handbook Page | 28
Disease Symptoms Control Pesticides trade
name Active ingredient
Damping–off
- Affects many
different crops
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia solani
Affect seedlings at
early stages especially
if there is too much
wetness/ watering and
low temperature.
Affected seedling are
characterized by rots a
few cm. above the
ground followed by
sudden collapse and
death of plants
Avoid too much
watering of seedlings
Observe field history
Use crop rotation
Use preventive
fungicides
Ivory 72
Victory 72
Mistress 72
Winner 72
Metalaxyl +
Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+mancozeb
Metalaxyl+Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+Mancozeb