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Major WorldviewsMajor Worldviews
TheismTheism
Atheism/AgnosticismAtheism/Agnosticism
TheismTheism
ChristianityChristianity
DeismDeism
JudaismJudaism
Islam Islam
CHRISTIANITYCHRISTIANITY
Prime RealityPrime Reality GodGod
Is SpiritIs Spirit TriuneTriune TranscendentTranscendent Infinite Infinite CreatorCreator Personality Personality
• Acts and thinksActs and thinks CharacterCharacter
• Provides basis for Provides basis for moralitymorality
External RealityExternal Reality God created an God created an orderly universeorderly universe
The universe was The universe was created as an open, created as an open, cause and effect cause and effect system.system.
Decisions have an Decisions have an effect.effect.
Who is man?Who is man? Man is created in the Man is created in the image of God.image of God. Value because God Value because God
loves usloves us
Creativity to imagine Creativity to imagine new thingsnew things
Personality to make Personality to make decisionsdecisions
Sense of right despite Sense of right despite the Fallthe Fall
KnowledgeKnowledge
Morality, right and Morality, right and wrong?wrong?
Based upon God’s Based upon God’s charactercharacter
There is something to There is something to knowknow
Absolute standard Absolute standard based on God’s based on God’s charactercharacter
Death?Death?
Most personal Most personal elementelement
Exercise of free Exercise of free choicechoice
Existence with GodExistence with God
Aloneness apart from Aloneness apart from GodGod
Meaning of History?Meaning of History? History is linear.History is linear.
History is purpose of History is purpose of God in concrete form.God in concrete form.
Has meaning Has meaning because God is in because God is in charge.charge.
DeismDeism
Prime RealityPrime Reality
External RealityExternal Reality
Who is man?Who is man?
KnowledgeKnowledge
God is not currently God is not currently involved in the worldinvolved in the world
Closed system, Closed system, change is not change is not possiblepossible
Has no relationship Has no relationship with Godwith God
Human reason is Human reason is sufficientsufficient
Morality, right and Morality, right and wrong?wrong?
Death?Death?
Human history?Human history?
God does not speak God does not speak to man, morality is to man, morality is limited to what is limited to what is revealed in naturerevealed in nature
Creation is not fallen, Creation is not fallen, man is good and man is good and goes to heavengoes to heaven
Little interest, history Little interest, history is a closed systemis a closed system
Atheism/AgnosticismAtheism/Agnosticism
Prime RealityPrime Reality
God does not exist.God does not exist.
Matter is creatorMatter is creator
We can’t be certain if We can’t be certain if there is a God.there is a God.
External RealityExternal RealityAtheismAtheism AgnosticismAgnosticism
Matter is all there is, Matter is all there is, all there was and all there was and
all that ever will be.”all that ever will be.”
Carl SaganCarl Sagan
Who is man?Who is man?Atheism/Agnosticism Atheism/Agnosticism
Mankind evolvedMankind evolved
People are complex People are complex machinesmachines
Personality is made of Personality is made of interactions of interactions of chemical and physical chemical and physical propertiesproperties
Knowledge?Knowledge?
Reason is sole criteria Reason is sole criteria for truthfor truth
Thoughts come from Thoughts come from the properties of the properties of mattermatter
Morality, right and wrong?Morality, right and wrong? Atheism/Agnosticism Atheism/Agnosticism
Man is judged on Man is judged on achievements, actions, achievements, actions, aspirationsaspirations
Culture determines Culture determines values values
Values relate to human Values relate to human needs and interestsneeds and interests
Ethics are autonomous Ethics are autonomous and situationaland situational
Death?Death?Atheism/AgnosticismAtheism/Agnosticism
No afterlifeNo afterlife
Laws of matter apply Laws of matter apply and man becomes and man becomes disorganized and disorganized and disappearsdisappears
Personality and Personality and individuality become individuality become extinctextinct
Meaning of History?Meaning of History? Atheism/Agnosticism Atheism/Agnosticism
History is linear stream of History is linear stream of events without purpose.events without purpose.
Goal of history is perfect Goal of history is perfect humanityhumanity
Economic factors Economic factors determine historydetermine history
Humans work to satisfy Humans work to satisfy human needs.human needs.
ISLAMISLAM
What is the prime reality? What is the prime reality?
AllahAllahMakerMakerLord and MasterLord and MasterWith us all the timeWith us all the timeControls everyone and everythingControls everyone and everythingHas always beenHas always beenIs OneIs One
Has no sonHas no son
Who is man?Who is man?
We are Allah’s ServantsWe are Allah’s Servants We are made from clayWe are made from clay We are made to worship and obey AllahWe are made to worship and obey Allah
What is the reason for morality?What is the reason for morality?
Allah gave us everything we haveAllah gave us everything we have We thank Allah when we obey himWe thank Allah when we obey him We must always try to follow Allah’s guidance so We must always try to follow Allah’s guidance so
that we can go to heaventhat we can go to heaven Five basic duties of Islam (pillars)Five basic duties of Islam (pillars)
Declaration f faithDeclaration f faith Daily prayersDaily prayers Contribute to welfareContribute to welfare Fasting Fasting PilgrimagePilgrimage
What happens to man at death?What happens to man at death?
The day of judgment The day of judgment
Obedience = rewards (heaven)Obedience = rewards (heaven)
Disobedience = punishment (hell)Disobedience = punishment (hell)
What is the meaning to human What is the meaning to human history?history?
Tell the message: there is no god but AllahTell the message: there is no god but Allah Prophets – Adam, Abraham, David, Jesus, Prophets – Adam, Abraham, David, Jesus,
JohnJohn
Angels – made from light, record our actionsAngels – made from light, record our actions
Mohammed – final prophet, wrote the Qur’an Mohammed – final prophet, wrote the Qur’an for Allahfor Allah
Worldview TestsWorldview Tests
1)1) A worldview should be rational. A worldview should be rational. • It should not ask us to believe It should not ask us to believe
contradictory things.contradictory things.• Law of Non-contradiction. Law of Non-contradiction. • A proposition can not be both true and A proposition can not be both true and
false at the same time and in the same false at the same time and in the same sense.sense.
• It should give a satisfying, It should give a satisfying, comprehensive explanation of realitycomprehensive explanation of reality
• It should be able to explain why things It should be able to explain why things are the way they are.are the way they are.
3.3. It should provide us with a satisfactory It should provide us with a satisfactory basis for living. basis for living.
• We should not have to borrow elements We should not have to borrow elements from another worldview to live in this from another worldview to live in this world.world.
4.4. It should be supported by evidence.It should be supported by evidence.
• It should be consistent with what we It should be consistent with what we observe.observe.