Date post: | 13-Jan-2015 |
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The Lifecycle of Embedded
Image Metadata within Digital
Photographs: Challenges and
Best Practices.
- or -
The Secret Life of Photo Metadata
To promote, protect,
manage and archive
your images.
MAKING A CASE FOR PHOTO METADATA
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• What is the VALUE of an Image?
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• What is the VALUE of an Image?
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• Who is this woman?
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Where did this image come from?
Photo Metadata 101
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What might we want to know about this image?©
Dav
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An image file can hold more than pixels.
It can also include metadata explaining:
• Creator and ownership information
• What the image depicts
• Rights and licensing information
• Technical information about the image file
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An image file is like a bento box …
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… It includes containers for different things.
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An image file is like a bento box …
View Animation at:
http://www.photometadata.org/META-101-metadata-types
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All flavors (actually “schemas”) include
Fields of Information
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When adding info to those fields consider
– What will be needed to “find” the image later?
– Think like an art buyer or image researcher
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What goes in each field?
• Download the IPTC Core Users Guide
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What goes in each field?
• Use our “Guide To Photo Metadata Fields”
My field names are not the same as yours!
– Recognize that Developers have not standardized
• Some use the older “legacy” IPTC-IIM named fields
• Some use the IPTC Core fields
• Some make up their own field names!
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My field names are not the same as yours!
– Developers have not standardized
• Some use the older “legacy” IPTC-IIM named fields
• Some use the IPTC Core fields
• Some make up their own field names!
– Use “Mapping Charts”ControlledVocabulary.com/imagedatabases/
ControlledVocabulary.com/imagedatabases/iptc_core_mapped.pdf
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Caption and Keyword Guidelines
– Who
– What
– When
– Where
– Why
– How
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ControlledVocabulary.com/metalogging/
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Bento Box GIF goes here
View Animation at:
http://www.photometadata.org/META-101-metadata-types
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The Language of Schemas
IPTC-IIM
IPTC Core
IPTC Extension
Dublin Core
Exif
PLUS
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Schemas
IPTC-IIM
• Short for Information Interchange Model
• Sometimes called “legacy” metadata
• Stored using the Image Resource Block method
• Limited field sizes
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Schemas
IPTC Core
• 2005 update to the IIM version
• Incorporates all the fields
• Adds Contact Info, Location, Rights Usage and
special IPTC fields, Genre, Scene and Subject Codes
• Stored as part of XMP
• No limits on length of field
• Unicode Compatible
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Schemas
IPTC Extension
• New addition to the IPTC schemas (2008)
• Not currently in many applications
• Adds fields requested by “other” communities
– Stock
– Museum
– Libraries
• Includes a number of PLUS fields
• Stored as XMP
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Schemas
Dublin Core
• Used by the Cultural Heritage Community
• IPTC-Core has 5 fields from the 15 original that overlap
• Stored as XMP
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Schemas
Exif
• Exchangeable Information File
• Primarily “Machine Readable”
• Stores technical data on capture
• Both a Schema and a Storage Mechanism
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Schemas
PLUS
• Picture Licensing Universal System
• Focused on Licensing and Rights Information
• Stored as XMP
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How are these schemas stored inside image files?
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How are these schemas stored?
Exif
– Both a schema and a storage method
– Maintained by camera manufacturers
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How are these schemas stored?
Exif
Image Resource Block
– Legacy format
– Holds IPTC-IIM schema
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How are these schemas stored?
Exif
Image Resource Block
XMP
– Newer method developed by Adobe (2001)
– Holds many schemas (IPTC Core, IPTC Ext, PLUS, Dublin Core)
– Photoshop namespace holds star ratings, color labels
– Unicode compatible
– No limits on field lengths
– Can be stored as a “sidecar” file
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How do these schemas
relate to each other?
IPTC-IIM
IPTC Core
IPTC Extension
Dublin Core
Exif
PLUS
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… OK, in most cases:
• IPTC Core includes nearly all of IPTC-IIM
• Dublin Core shares five fields with IPTC
• PLUS will embed fields in IPTC Extension
• Exif goes along for the ride
• With a few caveats
• Crosswalks
• Synchronization
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• Synchronization Issues
– “Shared” fields
– Where & when info is
written DOES matter
– Backwards compatibility Issues
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• Synchronization Issues
– A Tale of Two Workflows
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• Synchronization Issues
– New to Old Workflow (and return) = Problems
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• Synchronization Issues
– Old to New Workflow = No problems
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• Synchronization Issues
– Old to New Workflow = No problems
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Looking Ahead
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The good news:• IPTC Core will soon be all you really need to know
• IPTC Extension will offer even more
• Information stored this way is easily repurposed
• And … software tools handle most of this for you:
Photoshop
Lightroom
Photo Mechanic
Expression Media
Others
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Photometadata.org QuickTour
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Photometadata.org QuickTour
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Photometadata.org QuickTour
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Photometadata.org QuickTour
Do stock images have metadata?
SAA MetaSurvey (2008)
An investigative review of
the metadata workflow of
stock distributors
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Stock Distributor Workflow Questions
• Is critical metadata embedded and preserved in all image files?
Identifying: copyright, credit, contact & title
Descriptive: caption & keywords
Rights: terms, rights, release status, restrictions
• Is metadata used in compliance with universal standards?
• Is there industry coordination and adoption of best practices?
SAA MetaSurvey
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Metadata on Stock Websites
SAA MetaSurvey
Thumbnails
Previews(watermarked)
Getty Corbis Jupiter Alamy Masterfile Veer
75% 70% 0 0 0 0
<1% 100% 90% 99% 85% 0
SAA MetaSurvey:
What happens downstream?
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PhotographerStock
Distributor
Comp
DownloadsComp
DownloadsComp
DownloadsComp
DownloadsComp
Downloads
Unregistered
downloadsUnregistered
downloadsUnregistered
downloadsUnregistered
downloadsUnregistered
downloadsUnregistered
downloadsUnregistered
downloads
Sub-
DistributorSub-
DistributorSub-
DistributorSub-
DistributorSub-
Distributors
End UserEnd User
End UserEnd UserImage Users
SAA MetaSurvey:
What happens downstream?
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no metadatano metadata
no metadatano metadata
©©David Sanger
Report: MetaSurvey of Stock Distributors
Available @ http://photometadata.org/META-Insights-MetaSurvey
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SAA MetaSurvey
Preservation of Photo Metadata Survey
• Social Media
• Photo Sharing Sites
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http://www.controlledvocabulary.com/socialmedia/
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http://regex.info/exif.cgi
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The SAA Photo Metadata Project is made possible thanks to the generous
support of the U.S. Library of Congress and our project partners.
www.photometadata.org/
Additional Info?
David Riecks
http://www.controlledvocabulary.com
Twitter: davidriecks
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