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Making Mobile Backhaul 4G Ready
Delivering Transitional Mobile Backhaul Delivering Transitional Mobile Backhaul SolutionsSolutions
Delivering Transitional Mobile Backhaul Delivering Transitional Mobile Backhaul SolutionsSolutions
3® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Enabling Mobile BroadbandADTRAN Mobile Backhaul Leadership
Leadership in enabling mobile services over any access– Dominant T1 backhaul provider in U.S.A.– TDM (HDSLx), SONET(OPTI-6100), Ethernet (NetVanta/TA5000)– Copper, Fiber, Microwave
Focused on Ethernet backhaul for demanding IP services– Ethernet over Fiber, GPON– Resilient architectures– Advanced Cos/ QoS features
Innovation to drive down cost of delivering IP and legacy services– Integrated tools/function to reduce cost– Automated installation processes– Simplified operational models– Packet/ Ethernet based timing
4® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Mobile Broadband is here 10X bandwidth w/o corresponding profit
Mobile TV is here– i.TV 2.0 for iPhone coming
soon– Enjoy full NBC videos on your
iPhone– CBS releases TV.com iPhone
app– Hulu coming to the iPhone?
4G technology being deployed– Rivals Wireline Broadband
speeds– VzW deploying LTE– Sprint/Clearwire WiMAX– All WSP have 4G plans for
2010-2013Evolution from 2G 3G 4G
TV program watched on Smart Phone
5® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Mobile Broadband hammers ProfitabilityData usage way up; disproportionate ARPU
Revenue and OpEx were once linear.– Voice and text messages drove
majority of current revenue as well as majority of backhaul impact.
All you can Eat Pricing Models drives demand to lower cost per bit delivered to user – Revenue per bit delivered is
driven to lowest levels.– Significantly expand data capacity
to enable new devices, services and applications ARPU growth
– LTE is 1st generation wireless network built as a data network
Revenues
Traffic
Gap between traffic Gap between traffic and revenue
increases
Gap between traffic
Data Dominant
Gap between traffic and revenue
increases
Revenues
Traffic
Gap between traffic Gap between traffic and revenue
increases
Gap between traffic
Data Dominant
Gap between traffic and revenue
increases
Voice Dominant
Source: Light Reading
6® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Demand for Next-Gen Mobile Backhaul Ethernet Access Missing link to Profitability
Wireless (Mobile) Network Operators moving to Packet-networks drive down Operational CostCore Networks and Applications Infrastructure have moved to
packet, IP/MPLS upgrades.First Packet-based RF technologies being deployed at cell sites
Mobile Backhaul Access last hold-out to All-Packet Network Realization
Mobile Telephone Switching Offices (MTSO)
100s or 1000s of Base Stations served
LTE is Packet IMS and EPC are packet
Mobile Backhaul (Access) Connection needs to be Packet
7® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Circuit Core
Hybrid Backhaul ModelBaby step toward All-IP Convergence
Key backhaul transformation required for 4G (LTE)– LTE forecast to be 80%+ of traffic, 50 – 100Mbps required– Desire to freeze, decouple TDM leased line growth
Leaves Voice Network Undisturbed - Revenue Protection– No changes to Network Timing, Operational Processes
Cell Site Access & Aggregation Central Office/Mobile Core
PSTN
Service
Packet Core
TDM/SDH
IP/Ethernet
Backhaul
Tw
o N
etw
ork
s
Internet
2G
3G
4G
PDSN
HAAccess: 2G: T1/E1 (PDH)3G: ATM IMA/PDH3G: ML-PPP/PDH4G: Ethernet over X
Aggregation: 2G: SDH/FIber3G: ATM/SDH 3G: ML-PPP/SDH4G: Ethernet over GE Fiber
Cost /bit
Scale
8® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Key Attributes for an Ethernet NTURobust enough for Mobile Backhaul
Low Cost/Scalable Bandwidth– Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) – first choice
4G/LTE Bandwidth, 100Mbps+– 10x increase in data rate, 1Gbps through-put available
Time to Market for Service Ubiquity, – Every cell site must be served. 2011 launch– EoF not everywhere, can use alternative EoX
Allows Services Convergence– Path to all-packet architecture – Retire leased lines, integral sync capabilities
SLA Management – CoS support e.g. Real-time vs. Best-Effort
Resiliency – 99.99% service availability
Hardened for cell site deployment– Robust operating range, metallic interface protection
9® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
A Cell site is not a Wiring ClosetFlexible mounting/powering options
In BTS or eNB enclosures– Single RMU in size
In CO or Street Cabinet – NEBS, IEC compliance
In uncontrolled environments– Temperature hardened
Near Tower– Surge protected/isolated interfaces
e.g. cell site is a lightning rod
No space, rack or GR-487 cabinet– Rack as well as wall mounting
options– OSP options
+24V & -48VDC powering options– Resilient, Dual feed powering
OSP EAD
LTE eNB
10® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Fiber cell sites grow in all regions
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
CY07 CY08 CY09 CY10 CY11 CY12 CY13
Ce
ll S
ite
s (
M)
North America EMEA Asia Pacific CALA
The number and portion of cell sites with fiber grows in each region in each year
through 2013, and won’t stop there
11® Adtran, Inc. 2010 All rights reserved Proprietary and Confidential 11® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
EoCu, EoTDM, EoF, EoS equals EoXCompleting the customer reach puzzle
• EoCu – Ethernet over Copper– Optimized bandwidth per loop– Perfect for short to medium length loops– Requires local deployments & loop access
• EoTDM – Ethernet over TDM– Predictable bandwidth per circuit– Time to Market effective deployments– Minimizes CapEx by centralizing aggregation
platform
• EoF - Ethernet over Fiber– Active Ethernet for higher rate business services– PON for cost-effective SOHO service offer
• EoS - Ethernet over SONET/SDH– Outstanding reputation– Resiliency– Proven TDM/Synchronization for mobile
backhaul
12® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Same service, Varied Deployments10Mbps to 1Gbps Service Delivery
NetVanta 8044 Ethernet Access
Device (EAD)Carrier Ethernet via GigE
Total Access 5000 Carrier Ethernet
Aggregation
BTS/Node B
100Mbps or GE Optical Fiber
Mobile Exchange
NetVanta 838 OSP NTU
Typical 10, 20, 30, 40Mbps Carrier Ethernet via GigE
Total Access 5000 Carrier Ethernet
Aggregation
BTS/Node BMobile Exchange
Up to 8 pairs e.SDHSL Copper
13® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Carrier Ethernet Service Coverage Uncontrolled Environmental Conditions
• Key Application is Mobile Backhaul
• GR-487 Compliant Hardening and Environmental sealed Outside Plant (OSP) Options
• Enhanced Protection (EP) for Lightning Isolation for WAN, LAN and Power interfaces
• Environmental Alarming
NetVanta 838 OSP
NetVanta 838 EP
14® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Key Attributes for an Ethernet NTURobust enough for Mobile Backhaul
Low Cost/Scalable Bandwidth– Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) – first choice
4G/LTE Bandwidth, 100Mbps+– 10x increase in data rate, 1Gbps through-put available
Time to Market for Service Ubiquity, – Every cell site must be served. 2011 launch– EoF not everywhere, can use alternative EoX
Allows Services Convergence– Path to all-packet architecture – Retire leased lines, integral sync capabilities
SLA Management – CoS support e.g. Real-time vs. Best-Effort
Resiliency – 99.99% service availability
Hardened for cell site deployment– Robust operating range, metallic interface protection
15® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Mobile Backhaul Convergence
Cell Site Access & Aggregation Central Office Core
PSTN
Service
InternetEthernet
EAD/NTE
TA5000
2G
3G
4G
IAD
2G, 3G, 4G Data
TDM/SONET
2G, 3G VoiceClock Sync
PSTN
InternetEthernet
EAD/NTE
TA5000
2G
3G
4G
IAD
2G, 3G Voice
2G, 3G, 4G Data
2G, 3G VoiceClock Sync
16® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Pseudowire and Circuit EmulationRequired for all-IP backhaul
Bridge 2G, 3G services a.k.a Circuit Emulation or Pseudowire– ATM IMA (UMTS) support – TDM (GSM, CDMA) support– ML-PPP (EV-DO, HSPA) support
SAToP – DS1 or E1 over Packet– ITU Y.1453, RFC 4553, MEF 8
CESoPSN – DSO visibility– ITU Y.1453, IETF pwe3-cesopsn, MEF 8
ATM IMA over E1/T1– Backhaul over SAToP– ATM PW saves DCS ports
Provider IP Network
Provider Edge
Provider Edge
Customer Edge Customer Edge
Emulated T1
Pseudowire T1
Attachment Circuit: T1
Packets carry block of T1 data and RTP stamp
Ethernet
CE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE Packet CE Packet CE Packet
Timing Reference Timing Reference
Provider IP Network
Provider Edge
Provider Edge
Customer Edge Customer Edge
Emulated T1
Pseudowire T1
Attachment Circuit: T1
Packets carry block of T1 data and RTP stamp
Ethernet
CE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE Packet CE PacketCE Packet CE PacketCE Packet
Timing ReferenceTiming Reference Timing Reference
17® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
SONET/SDH Network
Traditional Network Timing Distro Sync Networks Deliver … Sync. Very well. ;p
PrimaryReferenceSource
T1/E1
T1/E1SONET/SDH
SecondaryReference
Source
GNSS/GPS
• Frequency
• Frequency• Phase• Time-of-Day
Traceability
SONET/SDHor PDH
18® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Three Aspects of Synchronization
Frequency – This is what SONET/SDH delivers today– All that’s needed for the vast majority of network services– Synchronous Ethernet is an excellent replacement for
SONET/SDH based sync distribution
Phase– Required by Time Division Duplex (TDD) based mobile solutions– Beyond the capabilities of PHY based sync distribution
(SONET/SDH or SyncE)– Today, typically delivered by GPS/Satellite– 1588v2 can provide this requirement in band
Time-of-Day– Required for a CDMA2000 operation– 1588v2 can provide this requirement in band
19® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Key: Not Breaking the Sync ChainConsiderations of Migrating Standards
Timing Standard Entire Path is Sync Aware it delivers…
Implication of non-Sync-aware node
SONET/SDH/PDH Frequency Sync Path Broken
Adaptive/Differential Frequency Not dependent on full NE awareness to pass sync
Synchronous Ethernet Frequency Sync Path Broken
GPS/Satellite Frequency
Phase
Time-of-Day
Not dependent on full NE awareness to pass sync
1588v2 Frequency
Phase
Time-of-Day
Dependent upon number of ‘unaware hops’ and network loading
20® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Clock Synchronization/Recovery Requirements
Precision Timing Protocol defined by IEEE 1588v2
Synchronous Ethernet defined by ITU-T G.8261/8262
ADTRAN Differential and Adaptive timing methods defined by ADTRAN pseudowire solution implementation/specifications
Technology Frequency limit*
Phase limit Time of Day Limit
GSM, WCDMA FDD, LTE FDD
+/- 16 ppb on site+/- 50 ppb on air
+/- 5 us Ref to BTS+/- 10us BTS to BTS
None
WCDMA TDD, LTE TDD
+/- 16 ppb on site+/- 50 ppb on air
+/- 1.25us Ref to BTS
+/- 2.5us BTS to BTS
None
WiMAX +/- 16 ppb on site+/- 50 ppb on air
+/- 1.0us BTS to BTS None
CDMA +/- 16 ppb on site+/- 50 ppb on air
None +/- 3.0 us
Table 1: Sync Requirements in Mobile Networks (ON-SITE* error limits)
*Note: on-site (to the BTS/NodeB) limits shown not on air limits such as +/- 50 ppb
21® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Enabling Standards/Technology– IEEE 802.3ad (LACP) Link Agg. Control Protocol– ITU-T G.8032 (ERPS) Ethernet Ring Protection– ITU-T G.998.2/IEEE 802.3ah Copper Bonding Protection
Service AssuranceHigher Availability Business Continuity
SLA Attributes Considered– Long-term availability– Switchover/recovery options
eSHDSL 1
eSHDSL 2
eSHDSL 3
eSHDSL 4
eSHDSL 5
eSHDSL 6
eSHDSL 7
eSHDSL 8
UNI
Bonding Group
Remote Cabinet Aggregation for Increased Copper
Data Rate
ITU-T G.998.2 EFM Bonding with Redundant Loops
LACP for Network Resiliency
Fiber Access
Central Office/Exchange Aggregation at Ethernet Point of Presence
Small Business or Suburban Base Station
Ring Protection Switching for Access Resiliency
Metro Base Station
Multi-Tenant Building
22® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Quality of Experience (QoE)Delivering Low Latency, Jitter
ADTRAN Carrier Ethernet solutions incorporate the following features to support latency sensitive traffic requirements. – Ingress traffic mapping/ prioritization based on port, customer
VLAN or p-bit marking.– Up to 8 Class of Service queues per port– Strict and Weighted Fair Queuing– Priority based rate shaping on egress ports
23® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Service Level Agreement Requirements
Table 2: SLA requirements for Mobile Networks (error limits)
SLA attribute MUST support SHOULD support
2-way Latency (ms) 10 <5
Jitter (ms) +/- 1 +/- 1
BER & FER 10-9 & 10-6 10-11 & 10-7
Availability (%) 99.99 99.999
MTTR (Hrs) 4 2
Failover (ms) 50(150 for Voice) 50
24® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
CIR and EIR Bandwidth ProfilesConfigurable, Guaranteed Connections
• Confugurable BW profiles per EVC– CIR – Committed Information Rate
• Frame delivery obligation per SLA – EIR – Excess Information Rate
• Excess frame delivery allowed – not subject to SLA if available
– CBS, EBS - size of burst window (ms) for allowed CIR / EIR rates
Total UNI Bandwidth
EVC1
CIR
EIREVC2
CIR
EIR
EVC3
CIR
EIR
2 rate, 3 Colour marking – Marking typically done at ingress port of service provider
equipment Green Forwarded frames – CIR conforming traffic Yellow Discard Eligible frames – Over CIR , within
EIR Red Discarded frames – Exceeds EIR
25® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Configurable Weighted Fair Queuing Any set of 4 or 8 Queues (EF, 2 or 6 AF, BE)
TA5000 AM and NV8044M
EF=expedited forwardingAF=assured forwardingBE=best effort
EgressPort
IngressPorts
Classifier
Assign ToQueues Based
On Class of Service
PPPP
PP
Classifier PPPP
PP
.
.
.
Classifier PPPP
PP
Strict/WRR
EF
AF
BE
User-1
User-2
User-N
.
.
.
Configurable for up to 8 queues
Egress shaping done here•Per port and / or per port per queue•N*64 kbps granularity
26® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
ADTRAN Ethernet OAM
IEEE 802.1ag ITU-T Y.1731
Detection Notification Verification
Isolation IETF TWAMP ITU-T Y.1731
Delay Jitter Loss
Multiple paths for both Fault & Performance Management
Co
nn
ecti
vity
Fau
lt
Man
agem
ent
(CF
M)
Per
form
ance
M
anag
emen
t
IEEE 802.3ah
Link OAM
27® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Quick Reference Guide – EthOAM
Standard Protocol/Mechanism Detection – There is a loss of signal
802.1ag/Y.1731 ETH-CC Loss of connectivityUnintended connectivity between two MAs or within an MA; Incorrect MD Level or period
802.3ah Link monitoring Loss of linkFailure to receive Information OAMPDU
Standard Protocol/Mechanism Notification – Fault triggers
802.1ag/Y.1731 RDI bit of CCM Loss of CCMs
Y.1731 ETH-AIS Loss of CCMsLocal defect
E-LMI Status EVC change
802.3ah RFI bit of OAMPDU Link Fault; Dying Gasp; Critical Event
802.3ah Event Notification Threshold crossing
Standard Protocol Fault Verification – Has the circuit failed?
802.1ag ETH-LB Verify connectivity between two MEPs
Y.1731 ETH-LB Verify connectivity between one MEP & all peer MEPs
Standard Protocol Fault Isolation - Where has the circuit failed?
802.1ag/Y.1731 ETH-LT Determine points of reachDiscover MIPs
28® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
ADTRAN Operations Environment
Strong Decision SupportFault ResponseAdvanced testing, troubleshooting and diagnostics
Flexible Integrated Security
Fully Integrated from Planning to Operations to Customer Service
Intelligent Service ActivationApplication awarenessOSS integration via Robust Modular
Gateway/Network Automation Interface (TL1/XML)
Advanced PM, Traffic and Capacity Management Performance Monitoring/Trending
Traffic Engineering/Network Tuning
VQM/DQM
29® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Barrier to Next-Gen Mobile BackhaulLack of Single, Simple Operational Model
Lack of Fiber to Cell sites– Less than 20% penetration
Lack of Single, Simple Operational Solutions: – Need the new T1.
Many different ad hoc Operational models for different mobile models– TDM– ATM– Microwave– Fiber– DS– DS3– SONET/SDH
30® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
A Single Centralized SolutionSingle Platform, Common OAM&P, Full Coverage
– Single Service and Maintenance Launch Point
– Full suite of dedicated, low cost Ethernet Access Gateway for every access medium
31® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Hybrid Copper / Fiber NetVantaFiber trench can be time, cost prohibitive
Accelerated Time To Market for 100Mbps 4G/LTE/NGMN Graceful Path to Fiber Access
TA5000
10/100/1000 Mbps
Initial EoCu provides time-to-market and
revenue capture
Planned EoF facility
TA5000
10/100/1000 Mbps
Initial EoCu Facility provides diverse
path
EoF facility available
Increased Bandwidth DemandADTRAN
NetVanta 8044M Modular NTE
Customer Interfaces/ Services remain
untouched
No secondary site visit to install/commision EoF service
No re-provisioning of service.
Service/SLA transparency
‘One-button’ service push; Bandwidth on Demand Service
32® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Introducing Modular Ethernet AccessDelivering the New T1 (and E1)
Complete Vision of Single Operational Model– Single Service and Maintenance
Launch Point– Single, Versatile, High Value
Ethernet Access Gateway for every access medium
33® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Introducing the NetVanta 8044M
TA5000 8-port Gigabit Ethernet Access Module– 8 GigE SFP cages– Link Aggregation– Link OAM
NetVanta 8044M – 4 -10/100/1000BaseT WAN or LAN– 4 - GigE SFP WAN or LAN– 2 - Expansion Slots – 1 and 2.5G ERPS Ring support with optical bypass option.– Clock Sync over Packet Ready e.g. G.8261/62 SyncE– Dual fed DC options (+/-24V, -48V DC)
Carrier Ethernet– MEF 9, 14, 18– Eth OAM CFM and PM– TACASC+ and RADIUS Authentication, Authorization
8-port GigE Access Module NetVanta 8044M Modular NTE
34® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
NetVanta 8044M Expansion Modules
• TDM over Packet Service Delivery– CESoPSN, SAToP, MEF8 standards– GR-1089 Metallic Isolation
• GPON Access– 2.5Gbps– Fixed Optics– OMCI & Carrier Ethernet Mgmt
Ethernet over Copper Access– Ethernet over Copper (ULL)– ITU-T G.998.2 Bonding (45Mbps)– GR-1089 Metallic Isolation
• Other Expansion Modules for Phase II– 2-port OC3/12 STM1/4 Access – 8-port DS1/E1 GFP Access– 8-port 10/100 BaseT Service– 4-port VDLS2 Access– 1-port DS3 GFP Access
8-port DS1/E1 CES Service Module
8-port e.SHDSLNetwork Module
GPON ONU Network Module
NetVanta 8044M Modular NTE
35® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
GigE to the Cell SiteService Expansion to Multiple WSP
CarrierEthernetNetwork
Central Office/ Exchange
GigE
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
CellSite
CellSite
8 portEoFiber
AM
CWDM
Modular NTE
NV8044M
NV8044M Modular NTE
NetVanta 8044M 8 port PW Service Module
DS1
2xGE or 2x10GE TA5000 MSAP
TA5000 MSAP
CarrierEthernetNetwork
Central Office/ Exchange
GigE
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
CellSite
CellSite
8 portEoFiber
AM
8 portEoFiber
AM
CWDM
Modular NTE
NV8044M
NV8044M Modular NTE
Modular NTE
NV8044M
NV8044M Modular NTE
NetVanta 8044M 8 port PW Service Module
NetVanta 8044M 8 port PW Service Module
DS1
2xGE or 2x10GE TA5000 MSAP
TA5000 MSAP
36® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
GPON to the Cell SiteJustifying FTTH to Low Density Areas
CarrierEthernetNetwork
Central Office/ Exchange
NetVanta 8044M 8 port PW Service Module
GPON
NetVanta 8044M GPON ONT Module
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
2-portOLTAM
CellSite
CellSite
Modular NTENV8044M
NV8044M Modular NTE
DS1
2xGE or 2x10GE TA5000 MSAP
TA5000 MSAP
CarrierEthernetNetwork
Central Office/ Exchange
NetVanta 8044M 8 port PW Service Module
NetVanta 8044M 8 port PW Service Module
GPON
NetVanta 8044M GPON ONT Module
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync
2-portOLTAM
2-portOLTAM
CellSite
CellSite
Modular NTENV8044M
NV8044M Modular NTE
Modular NTENV8044M
NV8044M Modular NTE
DS1
2xGE or 2x10GE TA5000 MSAP
TA5000 MSAP
37® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Mobile Backhaul ERPS ApplicationDrop & Continue Ethernet & TDM service
1-500MbpsEthernettypical
1- 16 x DS1/E1
1-16 x DS1/E1
1-500MbpsEthernet 1-16 x DS1/E1
1/2.5Gbps ERPS Ring
3Gbps LAG
Up to 64 nodes
From Up Stream
1Gbps or 2.5Gbps
ERPS Ring
Continue Down Stream Remainder of
1Gbps or 2.5Gbps ERPS Ring Capacity
Drop Customer 1 – 1000 Mbps
Ethernet Service - E.G. avg. 150Mbps
Drop Customer TDM 1- 16
DS1/E1 Service
4Gbps LAG via TA5000 8-port GigE AM
3Gbps LAG 3rd party Eth Switch
OR CES traffic
SyncE
Any to any ELAN
38® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Barriers to Packet-backhaul
Fiber/Ethernet availability, weak Ethernet business case, and lack of confidence in packet-based solutions hold back lower cost solutions
Source: Infonetics 2009
ADTRAN solutions focused on eliminating these barriers
Question and Answers