+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Making Sense of India

Making Sense of India

Date post: 10-Feb-2018
Category:
Upload: chandrashekhar
View: 228 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend

of 162

Transcript
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    1/162

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    2/162

    Hr`dt L`vir

    Bj`d ]jbbkr" Ouggajst _`ln lut ticpbi

    kt Nkrbi%d" Ckakrksatrk

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    3/162

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    4/162

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    5/162

    Cknjde \idsi `h

    Jdgjk

    K O``n `h isskys

    OyLakdgrksainakr Ktakvkbi

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    6/162

    Kbb rjeats h`r tajs o``n kri wjta Cr$ LakdgrksainakrKtakvkbi$ Wajs o``n sa`ubg d`t oi g`wdb`kgig `r prjdtig

    wjta`ut ixpriss wrjttid pircjssj`d `hCr$ Lakdgrksainakr Ktakvkbi$

    Cr$ Lakdgrksainakr Ktakvkbi

    H`r kdy lbkrjhjlktj`d" i#ckjb t`\ainakr$ktakvkbiMeckjb$l`c

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    7/162

    W` Cy GipkrtigErkdg hktair

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    8/162

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    9/162

    Ko`ut tajs o``n

    Bjni kd ibipakdt hr`c k hkc`us st`ry" wajla tibbs us" a`w

    ;= objdg cid widt t`tkbby wr`de jd gislrjojde jt" Jdgjkrickjds udgiljpairkobi" jdl`cpriaidsjobi kdg jcp`ssjobit` udgirstkdg h`r tai pi`pbi kr`udg tai w`rbg$ L`udtbissajst`rjkds" trkvibbirs kdg tajdnirs" stkrtjde hr`c sividtalidtury Lajdisi c`dn Qukd Vakde" cigjivkb ajst`rjkd KbOirudj" Orjtjsa L`b`djkb ajst`rjkds kdg `hhjlirs kdg

    Jdgipidgidt Jdgjk%s hjrst prjci cjdjstir" ]t$ FkvkakrbkbDiaru jd rilidt tjcis" akvi trjig t` gjsl`vir kdg gislrjoijt$ Zit" jt lkd d`t oi skjg takt kdy `di aks truby kdg t`tkbbyerkspig kdg udgirst``g jt$

    Jh tryjde t` udgirstkdg `r gislrjoi Jdgjk" wjta jts cyrjkgvkrjity `h bkdgslkpis" wiktairs kdg pi`pbi" js kd jcp`ssjobitksn" kdy`di w`ubg ksn" wakt k aucobi pr`bitkrjkd bjni ci"js tryjde t` g` s`citajde takt js jcp`ssjobi0 @dby tajde takt

    J lkd suocjt jd cy gihidsi js takt J akvi d` jdtidtj`d `hgjsl`virjde Jdgjk" jd wrjtjde tajs o``n$

    Wajs o``n l`dsjsts `h

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    10/162

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    11/162

    #Jdgix#

    ;$Ouggak%s `rjejdkb kbcs o`wb ;

    ?$ K sidj`rjty gjbicck 5

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    12/162

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    13/162

    Ouggaks @rjejdkb Kbcs#O`wb

    Jd tai yikr ;11=#1;" tai taid Gjrilt`r Eidirkb `h taiKrlaki`b`ejlkb \`ljity `h Jdgjk" Ckf`r Eidirkb K$Luddjdeakc" ckgi k t`ur `h tai Krlaki`b`ejlkb sjtis `h taiJdgjkd stkti `h Ojakr$ Gurjde l`ursi `h ajs vjsjt"Luddjdeakc vjsjtig k pbkli nd`wd ks Oiskra" wajla wksjccigjktiby jgidtjhjig oy ajc ks tai hkc`us cigjivkb t`wd`h Jdgjk nd`wd ks Xkjsakbj

    $

    Luddjdeakc gjg d`t hjdg kdy krtihklts jd tajs vjbbkei$ Aia`wivir lkci t` nd`w k viry jdtiristjde st`ry takt

    Ouggaks `rjejdkb kbcs o`wb wks prisirvig kdg libiorktigh`r ckdy lidturjis jd tajs t`wd$ Luddjdeakc l`bbiltig c`rijdh`rcktj d ko`ut tajs st`ry kdg wr`ti k d`ti `d tajs;jd ajso``n$

    Ouggajst ojrta st`rjis akvi kd jdtiristjde kdilg`ti ko`uttajs st`ry$ Kll`rgjde t` tai kdilg`ti" tai `rjejdkb kbcs o`wbejvid t` E`utkck oy Ckakorkcak vkdjsaig waid

    E`utkck oilkci Ouggak$ Wai h`ur eukrgjkd gijtjis"

    Jdgrk" Zkck"Xkrudk kdg Nuoirk" ikla or`ueat kd kbcs#

    ;

    http://chandrashekharasandprints.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/buddhas-alms-bowl.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    14/162

    o`wb ckgi hr`c icirkbg t` E`utkck" wajla ai rihusig t`kllipt$ Waiy taid or`ueat h`ur kbcs#o`wbs ckgi hr`cst`di `h ckde` l`b`ur kdg ikla kdg iviry `di `h h`ur

    oieeig t` E`utkck t` kllipt taijr kbcs#o`wb$ D`t t`gjskpp`jdt kdy `h taic" Ouggak nipt kbb tai kbcs#o`wbs kdgkhtir pbkljde taic `di jdt` kd`tair" cjrklub`usbytrkdsh`rcig kbb tai h`ur o`wb jd k sjdebi o`wb" uppir rjc `hwajla kppikrig" ks jh h`ur o`wbs akvi oiid pbklig `diwjtajd tai `tair$

    Jd tai gkys `h E`utkc Ouggak" !9ta lidtury OL* pkrt `hOjakr `r Ckekgak wks rubig oy Bjlalaakvk Gydksty wjta

    Xkjsakbj ks taijr lkpjtkb$ Kll`rgjde t` Luddjdeakc" Ouggakakg ejvid ajs kbcs#o`wb t` tai Bjllakvj njde kdg pi`pbi"waid taiy t``n hjdkb bikvi `h ajc kt tai `bg ljty `d taijrd`rtaird hr`dtjir" wajla Luddjdeakc jgidtjhjis wjtaNiskrjyk"

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    15/162

    kbcs#o`wb wks c`vig hr`c Xkjsakbj t` Nkdjsanks lkpjtkb]urusapur !]risidt gky ]isakwkr jd ]knjstkd*

    Ouggaks kbcs#o`wb rickjdig kt ]urusapur kt bikst tjbb KG7== waid Lajdisi trkvibir Hk#Qjkd skw jt tairi kdg aksgislrjoig jt jd ajs trkvib`eui$ Jt cust akvi oiid ric`vighr`c airi bktir oilkusi Quid Vkde !9?= KG* kdg \`de Zudakvi d`t siid jt gurjde taijr vjsjts t` ]urusapur$ A`wivirHk#Qjkd gislrjois jd ajs trkvib`eui" ko`ut kd udsullisshubktticpt jd tai tajrg lidtury" cula ikrbjir t` ajs vjsjt" t`ric`vi tai o`wb$ Ai skys takt Ouggaks kbcs#o`wb js jdtajs l`udtry" kdg k njde `h tai Zuia#saja e`t t`eitair k

    bkrei krcy t` kttkln tajs l`udtry" wjsajde t` lkrry jt `hh$Uaid ai akg suoguig tai l`udtry" oijde kd krgidtsupp`rtir `h Ouggajsc" ai wkdtig t` tkni tai o`wb kwkywjta ajc$ Airi njde `h Zuia#saja" cjeat oi k Okltrjkd `r kNa`tkdisi Njde kdg ktticpt cust akvi ckgi t` c`vi taio`wb t` Nkoub " Okbna `r Na`tkd" Wajs ktticpt a`wivirhkjbig kdg tai o`wb rickjdig jd ]urusapur `dby" wairi kpke`gk kdg k c`dkstiry wks oujbt oy tajs jdvkgjde njdewjta k ekrrjs`d biht tairi t` pr`tilt jt$

    Kr`udg KG 7?9#79= Ekdgakrk wks kekjd jdvkgig oy Njde `hZu Laj$ Wajs njde gispjsig Ouggajsc$ Khtir ajs jdvksj`d" taikbcs#o`wb wks pirakps c`vig oy Ekdgakrjkd pi`pbi t` kpbkli kbs` dkcig ks Ekdgakr" dikr prisidt gky Nkdgkakrjd Kheakdjstkd$ Wajs wks tai riks`d way Lajdisi trkvibirsjd KG 9?= l`ubg d`t sii tai Kbcs#O`wb$ Wai dkci Ekdgakrejvid t` tajs diw pbkli jd prisidt gky Kheakdjstkd" sb`wby

    l`rruptig t` Nkdgkakr$ Wajs pbkli" wairi tai O`wb wksprisirvig" js nd`wd t`gky ks `bg Nkdgkakr kdg tai o`wbwks prisirvig airi jd kd `osluri c`squi" kbc`st tjbb rilidttjcis$ Wajs o`wb wks dikr Nkdgkakr ljty" tjbb C`akckgDksjoubbk l`dtjduig ks tai prisjgidt `h Kheakdjstkd kdg wksc`vig t` Nkoub cusiuc `dby jd bkst gilkgi$ Gurjde Wkbjokdrubi$ Wajs cusiuc wks kttklnig oy Wkbjokd ixtricjstsl`upbi `h tjcis$ Oy e``g h`rtudi" jt aks survjvig tairi kdglkd oi siid jd tai cusiuc$

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    16/162

    Ui akvi `dby Hk#Qjkds gislrjptj`d `h tai `rjejdkb o`wb$\jdli Hk#Qjkds `rjejdkb wrjtjde akg oiid jd Lajdisilakrkltirs" tarii trkdsbktj`ds `h tai `rjejdkb w`rn" wajla wi

    akvi" gjhhir t` kd ixtidt$ Kll`rgjde t` _icuskts trkdsbktj`d6 Wai p`t cky l`dtkjd ko`ut tw` ousaibs$ Jt js `h k cjxigl`b`ur" jd wajla obkln prig`cjdktis$ Jt js wibb h`rcig `d kbbh`ur sjgis" ko`ut tw` bjdis tajln" orjeat kdg p`bjsaig$Kll`rgjde t` Oikb 6 Wai o`wb l`dtkjds ko`ut tw` Wkd !kgry ciksuri iqukb t` jh ekbb`ds*$ Jt js `h k cjxig l`b`ur" outc`stby obkln$ Wai sikcs" wairi tai h`ur pkrts f`jdt`eitair" kri orjeat$ Jt js ko`ut ? jdlais tajln" kdg js nipt

    wibb p`bjsaig kdg orjeat$ Wai tajrg trkdsbktj d js oy Ejbis 6 Jt cjeat a`bg `vir tw` ekbb`ds" kdg js `h sivirkb l`b`urs"lajihby obkln$ Wai h`ur f`jdjdes kri lbikrby gjstjdeujsakobi$ Jtjs ko`ut `di#hjhta `h kd jdla tajln" kdg js trkdspkridt kdgorjeat$

    7

    http://chandrashekharasandprints.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/kabul-museum.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    17/162

    Wai l`cc`d gislrjptj`d hr`c kbb tai tarii trkdsbktj`ds"kppikrs t` oi cjxig l`b`ur" ta`uea prig`cjdkdtby obkln"lkpkljty ko`ut 1 `r : bjtirs kdg 7 rjcs siid lbikrby ks jh 7o`wb akvi oiid f`jdig t`eitair$ Wairi js s`ci l`dhusj`dko`ut tai `pkljty `r trkdspkridly `h tai o`wb$ Gr$ Oibbiw

    skw tai O`wb kt Nkdgkakr jd Djditiidta lidtury$ Aigislrjois jt ks K auei o`wb" lkrvig `ut `h k s`bjg ob`ln `hgkrn eriid sirpidtjdi$ Wai strkjeat pkrt ko`vi js lkrvigwjta sjx bjdis `h Krkojl jdslrjptj`ds

    9

    http://chandrashekharasandprints.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/buddha-alms-bowl-1.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    18/162

    Khtir siijde tai pidljb snitla `otkjdig oy Luddjdeakc kdgkbs` tai pa`t`erkpas `h tai O`wb jd Nkoub cusiuc" J hiibtakt tai lakdlis `h tajs o`wb oijde tai `rjejdkb o`wb kriqujti ajea$ Wai o`tt`c p`rtj`d aks oiid sakpig bjni k b`tushb`wir" wajla l`ubg ribkti t` kd ikrby Ouggajst pirj`g$ Wai

    Krkojl lakrkltir bjdis l`ubg akvi oiid lkrvig bktir$ Wajso`wb js s` auei takt jt kppikrs t` oi k p`t nipt jd OuggajstXjakrks t` l`bbilt kbcs" bjni wakt wi akvi jd Ajdgu ticpbisivid d`w kdg nd`wd ks Audgj `r Lakrjty O`x$ $ Jd kdljidtgkys kbcs w`ubg oi ejvid jd h`rc `h erkjds `r e`bg`rdkcidts" l`jds itl$ Wajs w`ubg ckni jt dilisskry t` akvik bkrei o`wb h`r rilijvjde kbcs$

    ?8 Gilicoir ?=;;

    8

    http://chandrashekharasandprints.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/kabul_museum-buddha-bowl.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    19/162

    K sidj`rjty Gjbicck

    K sidj`r pirs`d `h cy klqukjdtkdli" wa` js jd ajs bktisjxtjis" akg k siviri kttkln `h Lkrgjkl Kstack rilidtby$ Wajspirs`d bjvis kb`di jd ]udi" ks ai js k wjg`wir" akvjde b`stajs wjhi hiw yikrs ke`$ Ai jccigjktiby l`dtkltig ajsdijeao`urs" wa` e`t jd t`ula wjta tajs pirs`d%s paysjljkd$Wai G`lt`r rjeatby kgvjsig tajs pirs`d t` eit kgcjttig t` kdursjde a`ci$ Wajs pirs`d kltukbby aks tw` ckrrjig s`dskdg js hjdkdljkbby wibb sittbig$ @di `h tai s`ds js sittbig jdY\K kdg tai `tair `di stkys jd Jdgjk out jd k gjhhiridt ljty$

    Kll`rgjde t` G`lt`r%s kgvjli" ajs dijeao`urs kdg hrjidgs"jccigjktiby e`t ajc kgcjttig t` k a`spjtkb kdg kbs`jdh`rcig ajs s`d" wa` bjvis jd Jdgjk" ko`ut ajs l`dgjtj`d$Wai cigjlkb stkhh kt tai a`spjtkb t``n e``g lkri `h taipirs`d$ Wai s`d" bjvjde jd Jdgjk" riklaig ]udi wjtajd k gkykb`de wjta ajs wjhi$ Cikdwajbi tai dijeao`urs kdg hrjidgst``n e``g lkri `h tai pirs`d$ Wai s`d kdg gkueatir jd bkw"t``n `vir tai pktjidt lkri khtir taijr krrjvkb jd ]udi$ Waidijeao`urs kdg hrjidgs `ovj`usby l`ubg d`t l`dtjdui t` b``n

    khtir ajc ks taiy akg taijr `wd hkcjbjis kdg bjvis t` lkri

    5

    http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hn7kuHLZoyk/T-GHk84EhAI/AAAAAAAACBs/wIAMgbDxRV4/s1600/an+old+man.jpeg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    20/162

    h`r$ \jdli tai jbbdiss hurtair riqujris s`ci kc`udt `h khtirlkri h`r k l`dsjgirkobi bideta `h `h tjci jd huturi" tai s`daks stkrtig jdsjstjde takt ajs hktair sa`ubg trkvib kb`de wjta

    ajc t` tai ljty wairi ai stkys kdg w`rns s` takt pr`pirkhtir lkri lkd oi l`dtjduig$ W` tkni tajs giljsj`d `h sajhtjdet` k diw udnd`wd t`wd" js pr`vjde k rikb gjbicck h`r tajspirs`d$

    \jdli ajs wjhi pkssig kwky" l`upbi yikrs ke`" tajs pirs`d jsd`w usig t` bjvi qujti l`ch`rtkoby ajs bjhi kb`di kdg `d ajs`wd$ Ajs gkjby slaigubi" wajla hrjidgsjt` ciit kdg kt wakttjci> js kbb k pkrt `h ajs r`utjdi$ H`r k sidj`r pirs`d `h ajs

    kei" kos`buti rieubkrjty js pr`okoby kd issidtjkb pkrt `h ajsgkjby bjhi$ Wjci t` wkni up" e`jde h`r k wkbn kdg kgairjdestrjltby t` k cidu kdg tjcjdes h`r ajs cikbs kri kbb issidtjkbpkrts `h ajs gkjby slaigubi$ Ko`ut kd yikr ke`" tajs pirs`dwidt t` Y\K t` vjsjt ajs ibgir s`d$ Ai fust ko`ut ckdkeigt` bjvi tairi h`r l`upbi `h c`dtas kdg riturdig wjta kgiprissig c``g$ Hjdkdljkbby" ajs ibgir s`d js qujti wibb `hhkdg b``nig khtir ajs vjsjtjde hktair wjta lkri$ A`wivir tajspirs`d suhhirig `d tw` l`udts$ C`st `h tai sidj`rs " wa` e`t` taisi wistird l`udtrjis t` vjsjt taijr lajbgrid" kbwkysakvi k hiibjde `h il`d`cjl gipidgidli" oilkusi `h taiwjgi gjhhiridli jd l`st `h bjvjde kdg ixlakdei rktis$ Waisjcpbi tajdes bjni akvjde k lup `h l`hhii" wajla taiy lkdiksjby khh`rg jd Jdgjk" w`rns `ut t` oi ixpidsjvibygitirridt$ Wajs cikds takt h`r iviry sckbb tajde" taiy akvit` gipidg `d taijr lajbgrid$ \il`dgby" d`dd kvkjbkojbjty `hpuobjl utjbjty bjni trkdsp`rt jd taisi pbklis" khhilts taijr

    c`ojbjty kdg h`r cknjde k ivid sa`rt trjp" taiy diig t` tkniaibp hr`c taijr lajbgrid$ Waisi vjsjtjde sidj`rs" stkrt eittjdek hiibjde `h b`dibjdiss oilkusi taijr rieubkr hrjidgs kri bihtoiajdg jd Jdgjk kdg taiy kri udkobi t` t` c`vi `d taijr `wdjd tai h`rijed bkdg$ C`st `h sidj`rs" wa` e` kor`kg t` vjsjttaijr lajbgrid" riturd okln jd k viry udakppy stkti `h cjdg$Wajs pirs`d `h cy klqukjdtkdli akg sjcjbkr ixpirjidli kdgakg riturdig okln t` Jdgjk wjta k hjrc giljsj`d `h ajs cjdg>divir t` e` okln kekjd$

    1

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    21/162

    Ivid waid tajs pirs`d e`is t` vjsjt ajs y`udeir s`d bjvjde jdJdgjk" out jd k gjhhiridt ljty" tai pr`obic stjbb pirsjsts$ Ajss`d kdg gkueatir#jd#bkw kri l`cpkrktjviby y`udeir> o`ta

    w`rn" kdg bjvi jd k sckbbir kpkrtcidt$ Ks k risubt" taijr bjhistybi bklns rieubkrjty `h kdy njdg$ @di gky taiy cky eit upikrby jd tai c`rdjde out `d tai dixt gky" ivid kt : KC"iviry`di w`ubg oi sbiipjde s`udgby" tai gky oijde kwiinidg$ Wai cikbs kri irrktjl cidu wjsi kdg kbs` tairi jsd` hjxig tjci$ @d k gky tairi w`ubg oi d` oriknhkst kdgtairi w`ubg oi `dby k orudla kt ;; KC$ Dixt gky budlaw`ubg oi sirvig kt ?$

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    22/162

    `d taijr lajbgrid kdg sa`ubg oi kobi t` bjvi okbkdli yikrs `htaijr bjhi `d taijr `wd$ Jd wistird l`udtrjis" kbc`st kbbsidj`rs bjvi jdgipidgidtby kdg kb`di$ A`wivir taiy akvi

    `di oje kgvkdtkei$ Wai cigjlkb kdg `tair typis `h ljvjbhkljbjtjis kvkjbkobi t` taic kri `h ajea erkgi kdg usirhrjidgby$ Jd Jdgjk" sidj`rs eit hkljbjtjis `dby `d pkpir$ Jdprkltjli tai sidj`rs hkli k viry gjhhjlubt bjvjde l`dgjtj`d$Wakt js way stkyjde jdgipidgidtby kdg kb`di" ks wistirdirsg`" js s` pr`obicktjl jd Jdgjk$

    J g` d`t nd`w" wakt tajs pirs`d `h cy klqukjdtkdli" w`ubghjdkbby giljgi$ Jh J akvi t` akzkrg k euiss" J tajdn takt ai

    w`ubg l`dtjdui t` stky jd ]udi kbb kb`di kdg jdgipidgidt ksprivj`usby$

    ?=ta Fudi ?=;?

    ;=

    http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oJ_56p1Cq48/T-GHmQLTv9I/AAAAAAAACB0/EB98fYSc6A8/s1600/old+age+group.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    23/162

    Lkrryjde y`ur `wd h``g `d trkvib

    Njg%s st`ry o``ns" wajla J rikg jd cy lajbga``g" kbwkysgislrjoig" a`w tai c`tairs `h tai y`ude cid `r prjdlishr`c tai st`rjis" e`jde `d s`ci trkvib t` k hkr `hh l`udtry`r t` njbb k gic`d" usig t` pkln s`ci grikc h``g stuhh h`rtaic" wajla w`ubg d`t `dby sktjshy taijr audeir out kbs`quidla taijr tajrst" wajbi trkvibbjde$ Kt takt kei" J wksdivir w`rrjig" waitair tai quiid ! tai c`tair `h taiprjdli t` e` `d k f`urdiy* l``nig tajs grikc h``gstuhhairsibh `r `rgirig k l``n t` g` tajs$ Out ivid kt takt kei" J

    kbwkys akg erikt lurj`sjty riekrgjde tajs grikc ikt" wajlaw`ubg sktjshy audeir kdg kbs` quidla tai tajrst$ Cy c`tair`r erkdgc`tair kppkridtby divir ndiw a`w tajs gjsa wkspripkrig$ Kbs` d` `di J ndiw ivir `hhirig ci tajs gjsa$Wajs lajbga``g wjsa `h cjdi" t` ikt tajs grikc h``gstuhh"wks divir hubhjbbig$

    J h`udg `ut kbb `h k suggid" ta`uea cula bktir" wakt tajsgrikc h``g stuhh wks rikbby ckgi `hh0 J ricicoir takt Jakg trkvibig ikrbjir t` Oidekburu ljty h`r s`ci `hhjljkb

    ;;

    http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rQFF8Jy-9QQ/T-BFgTMk8jI/AAAAAAAACAo/j8SrpbxlKmg/s1600/Indian-Railways-Food.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    24/162

    ousjdiss w`rn$ H`r tajs f`urdiy" t` Oidekburu Ljty" J akgckdkeig t` `otkjd vkbjg rkjbwky risirvktj`ds$ J akg ta`ueattaid takt J w`ubg oi kobi t` ckni s`ci krrkdeicidts h`r

    cy riturd f`urdiy" wajbi jd Oidekburu$ J akg hjdjsaig cyw`rn jd k viry sktjshklt`ry ckddir$ Out J h`udg `ut bktirtakt t` eit rkjbwky risirvktj`ds h`r cy riturd f`urdiy wkskd jcp`ssjobi tksn wjta d` tjlnits kvkjbkobi h`r kdy `h taitrkjds kt kbb$ \`ci`di akg taid kgvjsig ci t` cknijdqujrjis dikr Nicpke`ugk ljrlbi krik" wairi tairi wiri`hhjlis `h ckdy prjvkti ous lkrrjirs kdg J cjeat oi kobi t`ckni s`ci krrkdeicidts tairi h`r cy riturd trkvib oyOus$ J h`udg `ut takt iviry djeat" kt bikst ;= t` ;9 buxury

    ousis pby oitwiid Oidekburu# ]udi r`uti$ J jccigjktibyckgi risirvktj`ds h`r cy trkvib okln t` ]udi wjta k ousl`cpkdy "wajla b``nig @$N$

    Jd tai ividjde" J akg s`ci bijsuriby gjddir kdg riklaig taipbkli hr`c wairi" taisi ousis w`ubg stkrt h`r tai f`urdiy$Wai ous wks rikgy kdg biht Oidekburu khtir k sbjeat gibky$Wai ous `dby akg sikts kdg d` oirtas h`r byjde g`wd" wajlacikdt takt J w`ubg akvi t` spidg tai idtjri djeat fustsjttjde up$ A`wivir J wks k y`ude ckd taid kdg sula njdg`h akrgsajp kt takt kei wks d`t k oje aurgbi$ Ui riklaigtai t`wd `h Oibekuc kr`udg 9 jd tai c`rdjde$ Khtir k lup`h stikcjde a`t tik" wi biht kekjd kdg lr`ssig N`bakpurt`wd kt ko`ut : K$C$ K bjttbi gjstkdli kwky hr`c N`bakpurt`wd" tai ous lkci t` k akbt viry koruptby$ J e`t g`wd hr`ctai Ous kdg b``nig kaikg `d tai r`kg" J l`ubg sii kaikg `h`ur ous" k viry b`de bjdi `h `h viajlbis" stkdgjde stjbb `d tai

    sjgi `h tai r`kg$

    Khtir cknjde jdqujrjis wi h`udg `ut takt s`ci pikskdt%s`rekdjzktj`d akg gilbkrig k strjni `d takt gky kdg akgob`lnig kbb tai r`kgs$ Wai strjni wks t` l`dtjdui tjbb 9`%lb`ln jd tai ividjde$ Wairi wks d`tajde t` g` ixliptg`zjde jd cy sikt jd tai ous `r str`bb kr`udg tai krik$ Waktgky J h`udg `ut h`r hjrst tjci" a`w sb`wby `ur lb`lns kltukbbyturd$ Khtir d``d" J rikbjzig takt J wks ixtriciby audery"

    out ks k y`ude ckd J akg divir rikbby o`tairig t` lkrry

    ;?

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    25/162

    kdy h``gstuhh `r wktir wjta ci$ K l`#pkssideir " wa` akgvidturig `ut" h`udg takt tairi wks k sckbb sakdty `r ksakln sibbjde s`ci iktkobis$ Waiy wiri sirvjde str`de tik

    bjqu`r wjta k gksa `h cjbn kdg pbidtjhub `h suekr kdg s`cihrjig sdkln" wajla t` cy a`rr`r" wiri hrjig eriid lajbbjis$\jdli tairi wks d`tajde ibsi t` eit" J akg o`ueat k sckbbqukdtjty `h hrjig lajbbjis$ Wai lajbbjis er`wd jd tai N`bakpurriej`d kri nd`wd h`r taijr a`tdiss$ Wrui t` taijr pigjerii"tai hrjig lajbbjis o`ueat oy ci" wiri s` a`t takt J h`udg jtkbc`st jcp`ssjobi t` ikt taic$

    Hjdkbby J akg t` sktjshy cy audeir wjta `utir lrusts `h taihrjig lajbbjis kdg tai obklnjsa tik bjqu`r$ Oy 7 `%lb`ln jd taiividjde" kbc`st iviry`di jd tai ous suhhirig wjta giipaudeir kdg tajrst$ K bkgy sjttjde s`ciwairi jd `di `h tairikr sikts jd tai ous" pirakps sidsig tai pbjeat kdgsuhhirjde `h kbb tai hibb`w pkssideirs jd tai ous kdggjstrjoutig s`ci sdklns kdg swiitcikts sai wks lkrryjdeh`r air gkueatir stkyjde jd ]udi$ Ujta hjhty `r sjxty pi`pbitrkvibbjde jd takt ous" ikla `di `h us cust akvi rilijvig

    fust k sckbb p`rtj`d `h tai sdkln kdg k sckbb pjili `h tai

    swiit lkni$ Wakt bjttbi qukdtjty `h h``g" wajla J e`t hr`c

    ;

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    26/162

    takt bkgy" ckgi ci rikbjzi takt kdy h``g takt y`u eit t`ikt" waid tairi js k t`tkb slkrljty `h kdytajde t` ikt" wkstai ckejlkb grikc h``gstuhh `h cy lajbga``g gkys" lkrrjig

    oy tai prjdlis kdg air`is kdg wajla taijr c`tairs kbwkyspklnig h`r taic$ \jdli takt gky `h audeir" J ckgi k rubih`r cysibh t` kbwkys lkrry s`ci iktkobis kdg k o`ttbi `hwktir" waidivir J akg t` `d k fkudt$

    D`w k gkys J trkvib c`stby oy kjr$ Ckdy pi`pbi hiib takttairi js d` rikb diig h`r lkrryjde h``g kdg wktir jd kdkjrlrkht ks ivirytajde js sirvig oy tai kjr#a`stissis$A`wivir" khtir ixpirjidljde takt tairi js d` oksjl gjhhiridli

    oitwiid k ous f`urdiy kdg kd kjr f`urdiy ks hkr ks audeirkdg tajrst kri l`dlirdig" J jdsjst kdg lkrry h``g ivid h`r kdkjr f`urdiy$ Hiw yikrs okln" J t``n k ajeaby rierittkobigiljsj`d t` trkvib hr`c \jdekp`ri t` Jdgjk oy Jdgjkd Kjrbjdiskjrlrkht$ @ur hbjeat `d takt gky wks slaigubig kt 5$79 jd taic`rdjde$ \jdli jt wks ixpiltig takt tai kjrbjdi w`ubg sirvius oriknhkst jd hbjeat" J riklaig \jdekp`ri%s Lakdej kjrp`rtkt 8 KC$ Khtir l`cpbitjde kbb tai h`rckbjtjis bjni jccjerktj`dkdg silurjty lailn" J wks wkjtjde dikr tai ekti kr`udg 5KC$ Fust klr`ss tai ekti" kd `bg b``njde kjrlrkht wksstkdgjde `d tai tkrckl" wajla wks supp`sig t` hby us t`Jdgjk$ Kbb `h us wkjtig kt tai ekti kdxj`usby kwkjtjde taikdd`udlicidt h`r `ur hbjeat$ Lb`ln turdig t` 1 `%lb`ln" :`%lb`ln kdg taid ;= `%lb`ln$ \tjbb tairi wks d`kdd`udlicidt `h gipkrturi$ Kt Lakdej kjrp`rt" `dli y`uidtir gipkrturi ekti" dijtair jt js p`ssjobi t` eit kdy h``g`r grjdn d`r jt js p`ssjobi t` vjsjt t`jbit$ Hjdkbby tai hbjeat wks

    kdd`udlig kt ;; KC$ \jdli tai hbjeat wks slaigubig h`rc`rdjde tai lktirjde sirvjli jd tai kjrlrkht lkrrjig s`cistkbi orikg kdg `jby \kc`sk%s sirvig wjta buniwkrc tik$ Oytai tjci J riklaig Oidekburu kjrp`rt jd Jdgjk jt wks kbrikgybkti ividjde oy \jdekp`ri tjci$ C`st `h tai pkssideirswiri gyjde wjta audeir pkdes ks gurjde bkst ;= `r ;? a`urstaiy akg d`tajde t` ikt ixlipt s`ci stkbi orikg sbjlis" k\kc`sk kdg s`ci buniwkrc tik$ \`ci trkvibbirs !taktjdlbugig ci* wiri udl`dlirdig kdg akppy oilkusi tajs

    ;7

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    27/162

    sibilt okdg `h trkvibbirs akg lkrrjig wjta taic tai ckejlkbgrikc h``gstuhh `h tai njggy gkys$

    Hr`c Jdgjk%s gjhhiridt riej`ds" pi`pbi wa` `rjejdkti hr`cEufkrkt jd wistird Jdgjk" kri viry pkrtjlubkr ko`ut lkrryjdeh``g `d trkvib$ Waiy w`ubg jdvkrjkoby lkrry wjta taic" `dkdy f`urdiy" waitair `h hiw a`urs `r hiw gkys k auei tjhhjdo`x stuhhig wjta rieubkr h``g kdg sdklns bjni \iv"Ektajyk"]kpgj kdg Naknkrk jd sucptu`us qukdtjtjis$ J akvisiid ckdy trkvibbirs hr`c O`ark l`ccudjty lkrryjdeCutt`d Ojrykdj kb`de wjta taic$ Wajs cjeat oi lkrryjdetajdes t`` hkr" out J hiib takt `di cust lkrry kt bikst hiw

    pklns `h Ojslujts" skdgwjlais kdg s`ci swiit lknis kb`dewajbi trkvibbjde$

    Gurjde h`rijed trkvibs" waid y`u akvi t` pkss tar`ueas`ci trkdsjt kjrp`rt" tairi kri hurtair l`cpbjlktj`ds$ @dlitrkvibbjde hr`c Lajlke` jd Y\ t` Cucokj jd Jdgjk jd ;::;" Jwks h`rlig t` spidg ko`ut ;; a`urs !hr`c ;= `%lb`ln jd taic`rdjde t` : ]C* kt tai Aiktar`w kjrp`rt jd YN$ \jdli J wkstrkvibbjde okln hr`c Y\" J akg hiw G`bbkrs biht wjta ci$ Jd

    ta`si gkys tai tik wks kvkjbkobi kt tai kjrp`rt h`r akbh k

    ;9

    http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Q8rgS2PHf3g/T-BFhrUkqvI/AAAAAAAACAw/D_kGLrZk_lE/s1600/gurat+snacks.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    28/162

    ]`udg ! Ko`ut

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    29/162

    Uay sa`ubg Jdgjk niip a`bgjde tai

    \kbt`r` _jgei0

    Kdy pirs`d" wa` aks s`ci nd`wbigei `h tai Ei`erkpajlkb

    kdg p`bjtjlkb sjtuktj`d `h tai riej`d d`rta `h Bia jd Bkgkna"w`ubg hiib ribjivig takt bktist r`udg `h tkbns oitwiid Jdgjkkdg ]knjstkd `d \jklajd akvi or`nid g`wd$ @ovj`usby jdgjpb`cktjl tircs d` `di skys s`$ Wai `hhjljkb stkticidtssky" Wai tw` sjgis keriig t` l`dtjdui gjkb`eui `d \jklaidjd niipjde wjta tai gisjri `h tai bikgirs `h o`ta l`udtrjish`r ikrby ris`butj`d `h `utstkdgjde jssuis$ O`ta sjgisklnd`wbigeig takt tai liksihjri wks a`bgjde sjdli ?==

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    30/162

    Bulnjby E`virdcidt kbb`wig tai krcy t` niip jts a`bg `d\kbt`r` rjgei$

    Bit us hjrst sii" wairi js tajs \kbt`r` rjgei$ @d tai d`rtairdsjgi `h tai Jdgus oisjd" wajla jdljgidtby ruds ikst t` wist"rjsis k erikt c`udtkjd rkdei nd`wd ks Bkgkna c`udtkjdrkdei$ W` lr`ss tajs rkdei js oy jtsibh k h`rrcjgkobi tksn$Wairi kri `dby tw` c`udtkjd pkssis airi$ @di js `hh l`ursitai wibb nd`wd Nakrgude Bk !;1

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    31/162

    @d tai ckp" \kbt`r` rjgei kppikrs bjni k gkeeir kdg jdei`p`bjtjlkb tircs jt js jdgiig k gkeeir" sturln giip jdt` taitirrjt`rjis aibg oy ]knjstkd kdg wajla oib`deig t` irstwajbi

    Fkccu ( Nksacjr stkti `h Orjtjsa Jdgjk$ \kbt`r` c`udtkjdskri pirakps d`t ajea ks erikt spurs `h \ksir Cuztkearkdei" out stjbb c`st `h taic jd tai d`rta" akvi aijeatskr`udg ?= t` ??N rkdei$ Wai Jdgjkd Krcy p`sts `d \kbt`r`rkdei" ejvi taic k l`cckdgjde p`sjtj`d ks taiy lkd b``ngiip jdt` tirrjt`ry aibg oy ]knjstkd t`wkrgs wist kdg d`rta$Jd hklt tai idtjri riej`d d`rta `h \kbt`r` js c`udtkjd`us kdgjda`spjtkobi rjeat up t` tai Audzk vkbbiy" wairi ]knjstkdkdg Lajdk akvi oujbt k r`kg f`jdtby$

    L`cjde okln t` tai ckjd suofilt" way skbt`r` rjgei js s`jcp`rtkdt h`r Jdgjk" J lkd bjst ducoir `h riks`ds$

    \kbt`r` rjgei" ta`uea l`dsjstjde `h k sirjis `h h`rcjgkobisd`w lbkg spurs" akvi tarii c`udtkjd pkssis tar`uea wajlakd jdvkgjde krcy lkd l`ci g`wd t` \jklajd vkbbiy kdg taidl`dtjdui t`wkrgs Duork vkbbiy$ @ut `h taisi tw` pkssisdkciby \jk Bk kdg Ojbkh`dg Bk kri l`cpbitiby l`dtr`bbig oyJdgjk$ Kppr`kla t` tai tajrg pkss nd`wd ks Ey`de Bk js

    ;:

    http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aHHID6Gm2Ss/T9h0EfKRKZI/AAAAAAAAB8w/8HHZCNOH5l8/s1600/map-of-nubra-valley.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    32/162

    l`dtr`bbig oy ]knjstkd$ L`dtr`bbjde tai pkssis js `hpkrkc`udt jcp`rtkdli t` Jdgjk ks taisi pkssis kri tai `dbyp`ssjobi r`utis tar`uea wajla kdy jdvksj`d `h Bkgkna js

    ivir p`ssjobi$

    Oih`ri ;:9=" Nkrkn`rkc pkss wks Jdgjk%s ektiwky hr`clidtrkb ksjk h`r ta`uskdg>s `h yikrs$ Wai r`uti tar`uea tajs

    pkss wks l`ddiltig t` tai s`uta sjbn r`uti kdg wks usig oytrkgi lkrkvkds kdg pjberjcs$ Jdgjk lkd a`bg kdg l`dtr`bNkrkn`rkc pkss `dby kdg `dby jh \kbt`r` rjgei js hjrcby jdJdgjk%s akdgs$ Wajs r`uti tar`uea Nkrkn`rkc pkss aks hubbl`ccirljkb p`tidtjkb h`r tai huturi t` `dli kekjd oil`ciJdgjk%s ektiwky t` lidtrkb Ksjk$ Wajs js `di riks`d taktpirakps js tai c`st jcp`rtkdt riks`d h`r a`bgjde \kbt`r`rjgei$

    Wai tirrkjd surr`udgjde \kbt`r` rjgei js sula takt taiOkbtjstkd riej`d wist `h jt" js suofilt t` rieubkr bkdgsbjgiskdg kvkbkdlais$ @dby rilidtby" k ckf`r gjskstir akg struln]knjstkd krcy A[ jd tai riej`d njbbjde ;?8 s`bgjirs$ L`st `ha`bgjde tirrkjd wist `h \kbt`r` rjgei jd Okbtjstkd js oil`cjdeudriks`dkoby ajea h`r ]knjstkd wjta`ut kdy udtidkobi ekjds$]knjstkd%s niiddiss h`r k kll`rg" issidtjkbby stics `ut hr`ctajs akrg hklt$ H`r Jdgjk" tai ekjds `h a`bgjde \kbt`r` kri s`kppkridt kdg Jdgjkd s`bgjirs kri kbs` wibb gue jd tairi jd k

    viry l`cckdgjde p`sjtj`d$

    ?=

    http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dD7bGcAArm8/T9hz3fvk2VI/AAAAAAAAB8g/kxPD_uUbzX8/s1600/Baltistan+and+saltoro.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    33/162

    Wajrgby jt w`ubg oi lbikr hr`c tai E``ebi ikrta sktibbjtivjiw" takt tai idtjri riej`d `h Okbtjstkd kdg Audzk lkd oiwktlaig lbikrby hr`c \kbt`r` rjgei$ Kdy l`bbko`rktjvikltjvjtjis oitwiid ]knjstkd kdg Lajdk lkd oi c`djt`righr`c airi$ H`r Jdgjk" jt js k viry kgvkdtkei`us p`sjtj d$

    Wai gickdg ckgi jd lirtkjd qukrtirs h`r wjtagrkwjde

    Jdgjkd s`bgjirs hr`c \kbt`r` rjgei js tairih`ri kll`rgjde t`ci" qujti uddilisskry hr`c Jdgjk%s p`jdt `h vjiw$ ]knjstkdjs bjniby t` wjtagrkw `r riguli tai prisidli `h jts krcigh`rlis hr`c Okbtjstkd" oilkusi `h tai auckd kdg cktirjkbl`sts$ Jt w`ubg oi h``bakrgy h`r Jdgjk t` wjtagrkw" waid jtsjs a`bgjde kbb tai klis kdg tairi js d` l`cpibbjde diig t` g`s`$

    ;< Fudi ?=;?

    ?;

    http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LXbZcLlVbM0/T9h0P095xzI/AAAAAAAAB9A/q3TkIS7h1NU/s1600/saltoro+mountains+location.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    34/162

    Wai A`usi `h Bkueas

    Gurjde ikrby yikrs `h Jdgjkd ripuobjl `r jd tai Diaruvjkdirk" s`ljkbjsc wks tai njde$ Wai s`vjit c`gib `h pbkddiggivib`pcidt tar`uea lidtrkbjzig pbkddjde pr`liss kdgl`dtr`b wks l`dsjgirig tai ckejl ckdtrk `h ta`si gkys$Idtjri givib`pcidt `h tai diwby jdgipidgidt dktj`d wkspbkddig t` oi lkpsubjzig jd wakt wiri lkbbig ks hjvi yikrpbkds$ Ivirytajde wks ta`ueat t` oi viry sjcpbi$ Jd hjrst

    hjvi yikr pbkd" Jdgjk wks supp`sig t` oil`ci sibh suhhjljidtjd h``g pr`gultj`d$ Jd sil`dg hjvi yikr pbkd jt wks tai turd`h tai aikvy jdgustry kdg kbb sula diw jdgustrjis wiripbkddig t` oi sit up ks puobjl silt`r l`cpkdjis `r ta`siudgir E`virdcidt l`dtr`b$ Diigbiss t` sky kbb taisi pbkdtkreits hb`ppig$ Jdgjk divir oilkci sibh suhhjljidt jd h``gtjbb gilkgi `h ;:1=%s" waid kd Kcirjlkd kerjlubturjstD`rckd O`rbkue lkci kb`de t` Jdgjk kdg jdtr`gulig ajsl`dlipts `r ayorjg pbkdt lubtjvktj`ds$ Wai aikvy jdgustrjis

    sit up udgir E`virdcidt l`dtr`b" s``d oilkci wajtiibipakdts kdg k erikt `pp`rtudjty h`r ourikulrkts" wa`udgirst``g d`tajde ko`ut jdgustrjis kdg pr`gultj`d$

    Wai dirvi lidtir `h kbb tajs pbkddig givib`pcidt kdg taihjvi yikr pbkds wks k oujbgjde `d Diw Gibaj%s ]krbjkcidtstriit `r \kdskg Ckre" kptby dkcig ks A`usi `h pbkds `r%Z`fkdk Oakvkd$% Jt wks jd tajs oujbgjde takt tai lajih

    krlajtilt `h Jdgjk%s hjvi yikr pbkds" nd`wd ks Giputylakjrckd `h tai pbkddjde l`ccjssj`d" usig t` sjt$ Ai

    ??

    http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E0Aeb9-QXv8/T9HIqo-OUPI/AAAAAAAAB5A/vxxyM4ShWqM/s1600/road+to+yojana+bhavan.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    35/162

    l`dtr`bbig k vkst ourikulrktjl sit up nd`wd ks ]bkddjdel`ccjssj`d" wajla `virskw tai hjvi yikr pbkds kdg akgp`wir t` l`dtr`b ivirytajde ko`ut Jdgjk%s givib`pcidt$

    Iviry yikr stkti lajih cjdjstirs ckgi ckgi k oii bjdi t`tajs oujbgjde t` eit pbkds h`r taijr stktis kppr`vig kdgc`diy ribiksig$ Ckjdby p`bjtjljkds" wa` l`ubg d`t oikll`cc`gktig jd tai lkojdit wiri kpp`jdtig t` tajs p`st `hGiputy lakjrckd ixlipt h`r k udjqui ixliptj`d `h Gr$ G$_$Ekgejb" wa` wks kd icjdidt il`d`cjst$

    Khtir gjskstr`us hkjburi `h tai s`vjit s`ljkbjstjl c`gib jd

    ;::=%s" tairi wiri d`t ckdy tknirs h`r Jdgjk%s hjvi yikrpbkds$ Jd kggjtj`d" Jdgjkd E`virdcidt udgir prjcicjdjstirsajp `h \arj Dkrksjcak _k`" tariw kwky taibjlidsjde l`dtr`bs jd tai skci gilkgi kdg usairig jd k diwirk `h bjoirkbjzktj`d h`r tai Jdgjkd il`d`cy$ Wajs hurtairor`ueat g`wd tai jcp`rtkdli `h Z`fkdk oakvkd$ Kt prisidtpbkddjde l`ccjssj`d stjbb pripkris taisi hjvi yikr pbkds"out jt js gjhhjlubt t` sky ks t` a`w cula jcp`rtkdli js rikbbyejvid t` taisi pbkds oy `tair E`virdcidt gipkrtcidts

    d`w$

    ?

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    36/162

    ]bkddjde l`ccjssj`d `h Jdgjk lkci `ut wjta k supir ob``pirjd Fkdukry ?=;?" waid jd k stkticidt suocjttig t` tai

    \uprici L`urt `h Jdgjk" jt lbkjcig takt kdy urokd hkcjbyspidgjde `vir _s$

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    37/162

    J hjdg tajs stkticidt `utrkei`usby huddy$ Ui cust rikbbytakdn tai pirs`d wa` wr`ti tajs l`py" h`r tai eriktauc`ur$

    Wairi wiri l`cpbkjdts jd tai cigjk takt tai klliss t` taisit`jbits js d`w l`dtr`bbig wjta sckrt lkrg klliss l`dtr`bsystic l`stjde ko`t _s$ 9 Bkls$ L`ccjssj`d gihidgig tajsoy skyjde Oilkusi tairi akvi oiid jdstkdlis `h pjbhirkeijd tai diwby#l`dstrultig t`jbits" kd klliss#l`dtr`b systicwks jdjtjkbby trjig out d`t h`udg hiksjobi jd prkltjli$ Zit taihklt rickjds takt _s$ 9 Bkl spidt `d tajs systic aks e`dig`wd tai grkjd$

    Jt js d` w`dgir takt F(N stkti lajih cjdjstir @ckr Kogubbkaaks twiitig" Cust ricicoir t` ksn t` usi tai b`` dixttjci J vjsjt tai ]bkddjde L`ccjssj`d$ E`ttk sii wakt kbb taihuss js ko`ut$

    Ckdy Jdgjkds akvi d` g`uot" stkrtig tajdnjde takt tai tjciaks d`w l`ci t` sky e``g oyi t` pbkddjde l`ccjssj`dkb`de wjta jts jv`ry t`wir `hhjlirs" wa` g` d`t siic t` oig`jde kdy w`rta wajbi w`rn kdy wky$

    1ta Fudi ?=;?

    ?9

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    38/162

    K Obikn Huturi H`r \idj`r Ljtjzids

    J rikg k viry gjsturojde diws st`ry hiw gkys ke`$ Kd ibgirbyl`upbi tryjde t` lr`ss k ousy ta`r`ueahkri jd ]udi" akg

    ckdkeig t` lr`ss jt up t` tai r`kg gjvjgir p`jdt kdg wiriwkjtjde h`r tai trkhhjl `d tai `tair sjgi t` sb`w g`wd" waidk spiigjde lkr orusaig pkst tai eidtbickd$ Ai hibb g`wd`d tai r`kg kdg wks viry h`rtudkti t` survjvi$ \`ci njdg#aikrtig pi`pbi aibpig ajc kdg tai l`upbi s`cia`wckdkeig t` rikla a`ci$

    Cy hjrst rikltj`d t` tajs st`ry wks dkturkbby tajs$ Uay gjgtajs l`upbi trjig t` lr`ss tai r`kg kt s`ci rkdg`c p`jdtjdstikg `h k pigistrjkd lr`ssjde p`jdt0 A`w lkd wi obkcitai viajlbi grjvir h`r tajs0 Out waid J rikg hubb gitkjbs `h taiipjs`gi" J rikbjzig takt sula k gjskstir lkd strjni kbc`stkdy sidj`r ljtjzid$ Kppkridtby" tai eidtbickd akg kdkpp`jdtcidt wjta kd iyi spiljkbjst ks ai wks suhhirjde hr`cb`ss `h vjsj`d$ \jdli tairi wks d` `di ibsi t` aibp ajc tknit` tajs spiljkbjst" ajs wjhi" k sidj`r ljtjzid airsibh" keriig t`kll`cpkdy ajc$ Khtir ajs iyis wiri ixkcjdig" tai l`upbi

    lkci `ut `d tai r`kg kdg trjig t` ajri kd kut`#lko t` e`

    ?8

    http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rJtk27Ri5Ew/T8cj4SslEKI/AAAAAAAAB0s/cLZP7QxiotM/s1600/sr+citizen+crossin+road.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    39/162

    a`ci$ Ducoir `h lko grjvirs wa` wiri pkssjde oy" rihusigp`jdt obkdn t` tkni tajs ibgirby l`upbi a`ci$ Wai dikristsjedkb bjeat" wajla akg s`ci risicobkdli t` k pigistrjkd

    lr`ssjde" wks qujti hkr kwky kdg tai ibgirby l`upbi wks jdd` paysjlkb l`dgjtj`d t` wkbn up t` takt p`jdt$ Waiy rikbjzigtakt taiy wiri kbs` d`t jd k p`sjtj`d t` niip stkdgjde tairi`d tai r`kg kdy b`deir kdg wkjt h`r k lko$ Jd k gispirktic`vi" taiy giljgig t` lr`ss tai ousy ta`r`ueahkri t` trykdg eit kd kut` lko$ @di cky kreui takt tai l`upbi jdvjtigtai gjskstir taicsibvis kdg d` `di lkd oi obkcig h`r taijrpbjeat$

    Lkd k lko grjvir rihusi k pkssideir jh tai hkri citir hbke`d ajs lko js up0 Uay d` pigistrjkd lr`ssjdes kt l`dvidjidtp`jdts kri pr`vjgig oy tai Cudjljpkb L`rp`rktj`d0 Uay d`p`bjlicid l`ubg oi l`dtkltig `d sula k ousy krtirjkb r`kgh`r aibp0 Uakt sa`ubg k sidj`r ljtjzid g` jh ai `r sai diigss`ci aibp jd k puobjl pbkli0 [uistj`ds kdg quistj`ds+ Outd` `di aks kdy kdswirs$

    Ks wi c`vi hr`c kd irk `h f`jdt hkcjbjis t` dulbikr hkcjbjis"jt strjnis ci takt tai sidj`r ljtjzids kb`di wjbb akvi t` oikrtai orudt `h tajs s`ljkb lakdei$ Fust k eidirktj`d okln" d`sidj`r ljtjzid w`ubg akvi akg riqujrig t` e` `d ajs `wd t`l`dsubt k paysjljkd$ Ai `r sai w`ubg d`t akvi akg t` g`er`liry `r stkdg jd quiui t` pky ajs ibiltrjljty `r pa`diojbbs$ \`ci y`udeir cicoirs `h ajs hkcjby w`ubg oi kbwkyskvkjbkobi t` kssjst ajc `r g` tai f`o$ \`ljkb lakdeis taktkri d`w swiipjde tar`uea `ur s`ljitjis akvi ckgi fust tajs

    er`up viry js`bktig" aibpbiss kdg vubdirkobi$

    Jt cky oi kreuig" takt sidj`r ljtjzids hr`c wistird `r `tairgivib`pig dktj`ds" akvi oiid hkljde tajs njdg `h sjtuktj`dh`r s`ci l`dsjgirkobi pirj`g$ Jt js fust" takt tai tjci aksl`ci d`w h`r sidj`rs jd Jdgjk" t` hkli tai diw rikbjtjis$ \`way tajs cula kg` ko`ut d`tajde$ Jd tajs kreucidt" wi kriudh`rtudktiby jed`rjde tai gi hklt` sjtuktj`d jd taisil`udtrjis" wajla lkd d`t ivid oi l`cpkrig wjta sjtuktj`d jd

    Jdgjk$ Jd taisi s`ljitjis" spiljkb hkljbjtjis kri lriktig oy tai

    ?5

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    40/162

    b`lkb kuta`rjtjis t` sirvi tai ibgirs $Wairi kri cilakdjlkbby`pirktig islkbkt`rs h`r lr`ssjde tai r`kgs$ Ous `r `tairtrkdsp`rt g``rs kri gisjedig jd sula k wky takt k paysjlkbby

    wikn pirs`d kbs` lkd idtir `r bikvi tai ous$ Ous grjvirswjbb wkjt kt ous st`ps udtjb ibgirby pkssideirs idtir tai ouskdg kri siktig pr`pirby$ H`r pi`pbi wa` kri il`d`cjlkbbyoittir `hh" tkxjlkos lkd oi lkbbig oy cknjde k lkbb kdgko`vi kbb" rikb aibp hr`c ]`bjli `r Cigjl`s" js fust ktibipa`di lkbb kwky$ \piljkb trkdsp`rt viajlbis kt d`cjdkbl`sts kri kvkjbkobi h`r sidj`rs jd c`st `h givib`pigs`ljitjis$

    \idj`r ljtjzids jd Jdgjk" ckjdby wa` bjvi jd ljtjis" t`gky hjdgtaicsibvis bjvjde `d kd js`bktig jsbkdg$ Oilkusi `h taiaikvy l`deistj`d kdg trkhhjl `d tai r`kgs" taiy kri khrkjg t`c`vi ko`ut kdg rickjd l`dhjdig t` taijr gwibbjdes$ Jh taiyakppid t` stky jd kd kpkrtcidt" taijr sjtuktj`d js ividw`rst$ Waiy lkdd`t lbjco tai stkjrs kdg kri khrkjg t` usitai bjht" wajla cky hkjb kdytjci oilkusi `h tai vkekrjis `hibiltrjlkb p`wir kdg eidirkbby p``r ckjdtidkdli$ Wai sidsi`h jdsilurjty g`cjdktis taijr cjdgs ks gky khtir gky" diwsst`rjis `h ibgirby pi`pbi oijde r`ooig kppikr jd tai priss$Hiibjde `h b`dibjdiss js pirakps taijr ojeeist w`i$ Z`udeireidirktj`d `ovj`usby g`is d`t hjdg taijr l`cpkdy

    pkrtjlubkrby idf`ykobi kdg paysjlkb jcp`ssjojbjty `h trkvibjde

    ?1

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    41/162

    t` ciit `tair ibgirby pirs`ds jdlriksis taijr js`bktj`d$Wairi js kbs` k l`dtjdujde hiibjde `h akvjde oil`ci kdudwkdtig kdg usibiss cicoir `h s`ljity$ @dby k eidirktj`d

    okln d` sula pr`obics ixjstig$ C`st `h tai ibgirby wiripkrt `h k bkreir hkcjby kdg wiri wibb tknid lkri `hh kdgakppy$ Kd iksy ividjde str`bb l`ubg tkni taic t` `tairsidj`rs h`r k lakt$ Waiy eidirkbby akg cula biss hiibjde `hjs`bktj`d kdg o`rig`c$

    \`ci pi`pbi kgv`lkti tai jgik takt sula ibgirs sa`ubgc`vi t` spiljkb l`dg`cjdjucs wairi kbb hkljbjtjis krikvkjbkobi h`r tai ibgirs$ J pirs`dkbby b`kta t` kllipt tajs

    jgik$ Wairi js d`tajde c`ri giprissjde h`r k sidj`r ljtjzidtakd t` ciit kdg jdtirklt gky jd kdg gky `ut `dby `tairkeig sidj`rs$ Oisjgis" ejvid tai l`st `h sula gwibbjdes"viry hiw sidj`rs lkd rikbby khh`rg t` c`vi t` sula pbklis$

    Oittir cigjlkb hkljbjtjis" diwir cigjlkb triktcidt kdg c`riihhiltjvi cigjljdis akvi jdlriksig tai b`deivjty `r tai bjhispkd `h c`st `h Jdgjkds$ Wajs kbs` cikds takt tairi w`ubgoi c`ri kdg c`ri js`bktig kdg b`diby jdgjvjgukbs l`dhjdigt` h`ur wkbbs `h taijr kpkrtcidts$ Waisi pi`pbi stjbb akviid`uea jdtirist biht" jd bjhi$ Waiy bjni t` wktla taiktir"idf`y cusjl l`dlirts kdg w`ubg bjni t` bjstid t` spiilais

    ?:

    http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u3NHjy4sikU/T8ckwWf6VhI/AAAAAAAAB00/pYOdT7sMYrQ/s1600/senior+citizens.jpg
  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    42/162

    hr`c bjttirktiurs kdg pirs`ds `h icjdidli$ Waiy stjbb bjni kojti `h ix`tjl h``gs kdg grjdns" `llksj`dkbby$ Waiy wkdt t`ouy kdg rikg diw o``ns$ Waiy kbs` wkdt t` b``n hksaj`dkobi

    kdg tridgy kdg w`ubg bjni t` ouy diw kppkrib$ Jd sa`rt"taiy stjbb wkdt t` kdg kri lkpkobi `h idf`yjde ckdy e``gtajdes `h bjhi$ Out tai l`deistj`d jd tai ljtjis ks wibb kslakdejde s`ljkb sjtuktj`d js puttjde taic jdsjgi h`ur wkbbshr`c wairi tairi js d` islkpi out k ckggidjde hiibjde `heriktir kdg eriktir js`bktj`d kdg hrustrktj`d$H`r sidj`r ljtjzids " tai huturi rikbby kppikrs viry obikn$

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    43/162

    ]r`obics `h ]bidty

    Wai Jdgjkd stkti `h ]udfko js hkljde k lrjsjs$ Jt%s d`t takt taistkti js hkljde sa`rtkei `h issidtjkb l`cc`gjtjis `ribiltrjljty h`r takt ckttir$ @d tai l`dtrkry" tai pr`obic jsixkltby tai `pp`sjti$ ]udfko js hkljde pr`obics `h pbidty$H`r tai sil`dg yikr jd sullissj`d" tai stkti js aikgjde t` kril`rg oriknjde oucpir waikt akrvist$ Wai t`tkb waiktakrvist tajs yikr js bjniby t` oi kr`udg ;? Cjbbj`d t`ddis"wajla surpkssis kbb privj`us ril`rgs$ Wai privj`us oist aksoiid ;; Cjbbj`d t`ddis" wajla cikds takt tai lr`p `utput

    w`ubg oi ajeair oy k Cjbbj`d t`ddis$ Klrikei yjibg aks e`diup oy 5) gui t` l``b wiktair l`dgjtj`ds kdg kbs` tjcibywjdtir rkjds$ Jdljgidli `h pist kttklns kdg lr`p gjsiksis`utorikns kbs` akvi oiid cjdjckb$

    Wa`uea jt%s e``g diws" jt js ejvjde aikg klais t` taiE`virdcidt cklajdiry ks tairi kri d`t id`uea st`rkeipbklis `r ivid futi okes" wajla kri riqujrig h`r pklnjde taioucpir lr`p$ Jd Jdgjk" trkgjtj`dkbby" waikt js pklnig jd Futi

    okes kdg taid st`rig$ H``g L`rp`rktj`d `h Jdgjk !K

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    44/162

    E`virdcidt `wdig l`cpkdy* skys takt `ut `h jts st`rkeilkpkljty `h ?=$7 Cjbbj`d t`ddis" kbc`st akbh js usig oy rjlikb`di$ Ujta ko`ut

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    45/162

    yikr jt w`ubg ixliig 1 Cjbbj`d t`ddis$ O`ta taisi stkti akvip``r st`rkei hkljbjtjis kdg cula erkjd js wkstig gui t`r`ttjde$

    Wai cjdjcuc supp`rt prjli pkjg t` waikt er`wirs kskdd`udlig oy tai E`virdcidt tajs yikr js ;?19= _upiispir t`ddi$ Uairiks waikt js oijde s`bg jd wa`biskbickrnits jd rkdei `h ;="=== t` ;

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    46/162

    st`lns hr`c tai er`wirs$ Kbc`st idtjri akrvists jd bkst hiwyikrs tairih`ri akvi oiid pr`lurig oy tai hjvi stktikeidljis kdg tai H``g L`rp`rktj`d `h Jdgjk$ Ua` kri d`w

    hkljde st`rkei pr`obics `d kd udpriligidtig slkbi$

    Jt oil`cis `ovj`us takt k viry l`ch`rtkobi waikt suppbysjtuktj d js oijde ejvid up gui t` jdkgiqukti st`rkeilkpkljty$ Uaikt ixp`rts wiri okddig sjdli bkst h`ur yikrskdg ko`ut ? Cjbbj`d t`ddis `h waikt wks kbb`wig t`ixp`rtig jd Fuby ?=;;$ H``g l`rp`rktj`d `h Jdgjk js tryjde t`biksi st`rkei spkli hr`c prjvkti e`g`wds" out tai ihh`rtskri pr`vjde t` oi jdkgiqukti$ Jt js lbikr takt jh Jdgjk aks t`

    ckjdtkjd tajs p`sjtj`d `h l`ch`rt" bkrei slkbi l`dstrultj`d `hst`rkei e`g`wds `r erkjd sjb`s js riqujrig$ \tktis kri d`wa`pjde takt higirkb E`virdcidt w`ubg d`w stip jd kdg tknitai risp`dsjojbjty `h st`rkei$ Higirkb E`virdcidt lkd d`trikbby stip jd udbiss H``g silurjty klt js pkssig oypkrbjkcidt$ Wajs klt `dby w`ubg kbb`w tai higirkbE`virdcidt t` stip jd kdg lrikti erkjd st`rkei hkljbjtjis$

    Jdgjkd l`dsucirs kri hkljde rkejde jdhbktj d jd kbc`st kbbh``g jtics$ Uaikt js kd ixliptj`d" takdns t` tai Uaikter`wirs `h ]udfko" Akrykdk kdg Ckgayk ]rkgisa$ Uaitairtajs p`sjtj`d `h l`ch`rt w`ubg oi ckjdtkjdig `r hrjttirigkwky gui t` jdkgiqukti st`rkei js k Cjbbj`d G`bbkr quistj`d$Hkv`urkobi wiktair h`r bkst l`upbi `h yikrs aks aibpig jdpr`guljde k oucpir lr`p$ \ula hkv`urkobi wiktair cky d`tl`dtjdui h`rivir kdg jd dikr huturi" waikt pr`gultj`d ckytkni k ajt$ Jh waikt e`g`wds kri hubb kdg hb`wjde" wi cky

    d`t hkli kdy sa`rtkeis$ ]kssjde `h H``g silurjty klt kdglriktjde st`rkei spkli tairih`ri oil`cis k t`p prj`rjtykrik$

    ]r`obics `h pbidty kri iqukbby tr`uobis`ci ks w`is lriktigoy sa`rtkeis$ Jsdt jt0;9 Cky ?=;?

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    47/162

    D` W`jbit0 D` Orjgi+

    Jd Jdgjk" `ut `h tai t`tkb p`pubktj`d `h ;$? Ojbbj`ds" kbc`stakbh bjvi jd rurkb kriks$ Jd spjti `h kbb tai sa`w lksjde `hpr`eriss jd tai ljtjis" hklt rickjds takt ckdy rurkb kriksstjbb bkln ivid tai oksjl kcidjtjis bjni bktrjdis kdg t`jbits$W` akvi k t`jbitti jd `r kgf`jdjde tai a`usi js `di `h taioksjl dilissjtjis `h c`gird tjcis$ Ydh`rtudktiby" d`t ckdyrurkb h`bns siic t` akvi udgirst``g tai jcp`rtkdli `h ividtajs oksjl hkljbjty$ Ihhiltjviby" rurkb w`cidh`bn suhhir taic`st$ W` kv`jg pryjde iyis" taiy kri h`rlig t` vjsjt tai

    `pid#kjr t`jbits udgir l`vir `h gkrndiss" wajla lkd oi viryjdl`dvidjidt kt tjcis$ Jt js aucjbjktjde" akrr`wjde kdgixtriciby udaikbtay$ Hurtair" jt bikgs t` sprikg `h gjsiksissula ks gjkrraik" typa`jg kdg ckbkrjk$ Ckdy rurkbw`cidh`bn suhhir hr`c urjdkry trklt jdhiltj`ds" njgdiy kdgbjvir pr`obics" oilkusi taiy g`dt akvi k skhi pbkli t` e`Ihh`rts t` jcpr`vi up`d tai sjtuktj`d `h tai bkln `hskdjtktj d" jd rurkb kriks" akvi d`t cit wjta cula sullisss` hkr$ Jd tai yikr ?==;" k pr`filt t` oujbg bktrjdis jd rurkbkriks wks tknid up wjta tai aibp `h U`rbg Okdn$ Wai

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    48/162

    bktrjdis oujbt udgir tajs slaici wiri usig oy rurkb h`bns h`rst`rkei `h erkjds `r ks virkdgkas h`r taijr a`usis$ Wairiks`d h`r tajs hkjburi lkd oi viry wibb trklig t` tai hklt

    takt tai w`cidh`bn divir pkrtjljpktig `r wiri d`t ividl`dsubtig jd tajs pr`filt$ Waiy diig tai skdjtktj`d hkljbjtyc`st kdg sa`ubg akvi oiid l`dsubtig ko`ut tai pr`filt jdtai hjrst pbkli$

    U`cid hr`c tai Jdgjkd stkti `h Akrykdk " d`w siic t`akvi tknid k diw bikg$ Ujta rurkb w`cidh`bn" ejvjde taijrsupp`rt t` tai lkusi" tai c`vicidt kppikrs t` akvi

    lkueat tai hksljdktj`d `h tai vjbbkei w`cid ivirywairi kdgjs sprikgjde t` `tair stktis t``$ Jh y`u ksn kdy rurkb y`udeejrb t`gky" ko`ut air ixpiltktj`ds `h air huturi orjgier``c" kb`de wjta sula usukb ixpiltktj`ds" sula ks oijdevieitkrjkd" d` vjlis" lkpkobi `h eittjde k e``g f`o" k diwixpiltktj d aks l`ci up$ C`st `h tai ejrbs w`ubg sky takttai huturi er``c cust akvi k bktrjdi jd ajs a`usi$ Ww`yikrs okln" E`virdcidt `h Akrykdk wjta tai aibp `h hiwDE@s" stkrtig k diw c`vicidt udgir tai sb`ekd" D`

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    49/162

    W`jbits" D` orjgi$ Wajs c`vicidt aks lkueat taihksljdktj d `h rurkb w`cidh`bn kdg js er`wjde rkpjgby$

    Ks tajdes stkdg t`gky" tai wjgisprikg kdg jbbiekb prkltjli `htai ko`rtj`d `h hickbi hitusis jd hkv`r `h s`ds aks kbrikgyrigulig pirlidtkei `h w`cid p`pubktj`d jd stkti `hAkrykdk$ Wai ejrbs wjta ckrrjkeikobi kei kdg taijr pkridtskri d`t wjbbjde t` ckrry taijr gkueatirs jd k hkcjby" wajlag`is d`t akvi k bktrjdi jd tai a`usi$ Wajs s`ljkb prissuriaks or`ueat ko`ut k wibl`ci lakdei$ ]kridts" wa` wjsa t`eit taijr o`ys ckrrjig" akvi stkrtig oujbgjde skdjtktj`dhkljbjtjis jd taijr a`usis `d prj`rjty$

    Wajs lakdei aks d`t l`ci ko`ut wjta`ut k riks`d$ Wairikri ckdy gjrilt kdg jdgjrilt riks`ds$ Hjrst `h kbb" c`st `htai ejrbs `h ckrrjkeikobi kei kri igulktig kt bikst up t`cktrjlubktj`d bivib$ Ckdy akvi tknid tiladjlkb l`ursis jdkggjtj`d$ Wajs oksjl igulktj`d aks or`ueat ko`ut lirtkjdlakdei jd taijr kttjtugi t`wkrgs bjhi kdg taijr ixpiltktj`dshr`c jt$ Waiy niip wktlajde sirjkbs kdg kgvirtjsicidts `dWX$ Uaid taiy wktla tai air`jdis `d WX" wikrjde sjbn

    grissis `r Fikds kdg Wii sajrts kdg e`jde t` w`rn `d taijr`wd viajlbis" jt cknis k pr`h`udg jcpklt `d taisi y`ude

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    50/162

    ejrbs kdg d` w`dgir takt taiy ixpilt ajeair qukbjty `h bjhi$Hjvi `r tid yikrs okln" `di l`ubg kbwkys sii ejrbs rjgjdepjbbj`d oiajdgs taijr hktairs `r ausokdgs$ Waisi gkys ejrbs

    grjvjde taijr `wd sl``ty ! k b`w ap ? waiibir c`t`rojni*kri siid `htid$Cr$ Ojdgisawkr ]ktakn" h`udgir gjrilt`r `h kd `rekdjzktj dlkbbig \ubkoa Jdtirdktj`dkb" wajla spiljkbjzis jd oujbgjde `hb`w l`st rurkb bktrjdis" l`dsjgirs tajs D` W`jbitti0D` Orjgi+C`vicidt ks k ob``gbiss l`up$Wairi siics t` oi d` g`uot takt tajs c`vicidt w`ubglirtkjdby orjde c`ri sibh#rispilt kdg l`dhjgidli okln jd taicjdgs `h rurkb w`cidh`bn `h Jdgjk$

    ;7ta Cky ?=;?

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    51/162

    Oiwkri `h Diw Grues+ Waiy cky

    d`t akvi oiid trjig oih`ri+

    Jt js wibb nd`wd takt hrii pksskei t` jdtirdktj`dkb cigjlkbl`dhiridlis" hrii b`gejde kdg o`krgjde jd k h`rijed l`udtrykdg ixpidsjvi ejhts kri s`ci `h tai jtics hr`c k b`de bjst `hticptktj ds `hhirig oy tai grue l`cpkdjis t` idtjliG`lt`rs kdg cigjlkb prkltjtj`dirs t` prisrjoi taijr pr`gultst` pktjidts$ \`ci `h tai obkln saiip G`lt`rs `h tai lbjqui"`d l`dgjtj`d `h oijde kd`dyc`us" s`citjci gislrjoi jdgitkjbs" a`w kdytajde" cigjlkbby sjedjhjlkdt" js ivirgjslussig kt taisi jdtirdktj`dkb l`dhiridlis$ Wakt jsa`wivir oisjgis tai p`jdt$ Idtjlicidts `hhirig oy taisigrue l`cpkdjis kri issidtjkbby k pkrt `h skbis pr`c`tj`dw`rn$ J g` d`t nd`w waitair jt js itajlkbby l`rrilt `r wr`de"out takt js a`w tai cigjljdi ousjdiss w`rns w`rbg wjgi$

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    52/162

    K diws st`ryribiksig t`gky rivikbs k cula c`ri sirj`uspbkd" put t` w`rn oy s`ci grue l`cpkdjis" wajla aks taigjcidsj`ds `h k ckf`r slkc$ Jd Jdgjk" tai t`pc`st

    kuta`rjty" wa` aks ckdgkt`ry l`dtr`b `vir kbb grues ribktigjssuis js nd`wd ks Grue L`dtr`bbir Eidirkb `h Jdgjk !GLEJ*$Uajla grues kri t` oi kbb`wig0 Uajla kri t` oi okddig0 Ktwakt prjli tai grues sa`ubg oi s`bg0 Kri s`ci `h tai jssuistakt diig GLEJ lbikrkdli$ Jd lksi `h diw grues" oih`rikbb`wjde taic t` oi ribiksig jd tai ckrnit" GLEJ pr`ligurispiljhjis takt sljidtjhjl ril`ccidgktj`ds hr`c cigjljdkbixpirts jd tai hjibg riekrgjde ihhiltjvidiss `h grues kdg jhkdy sjgi ihhilts kri `osirvig" diig t` oi suocjttig$ Jdgjk%s

    Lidtrkb Grues \tkdgkrg L`dtr`b @rekdjzktj`d !LG\L@*"l`dsjgirs sula sljidtjhjl ril`ccidgktj`d kdg taiidg`rsicidt oy ixpirts kos`butiby dilisskry oih`ri taiihhiltjvidiss `h k grue lkd oi trustig$ LG\L@ w`ubgl`dsjgir t` kbb`w tai grue t` oi ribiksig jd tai ckrnit `dbywaid sula ril`ccidgktj`ds kri rilijvig$ \jdli LG\L@ g`d`t akvi cigjlkb prkltjtj`dirs `d taijr stkhh r`bb" taiyl`dsjgir jt ko`sbutiby k cust takt sljidtjhjlril`ccidgktj`ds kri ejvid oy cigjlkb ixpirts jd tai hjibg$

    Wajs js kbb hjdi `d pkpir$ Out wakt ixkltby js akppidjde jdprkltjli0 Jdgjkd pkrbjkcidt aks k stkdgjde l`ccjttii takt`virb``ns tai ckttirs l`dlirdjde aikbta kdg hkcjby wibhkri$Wajs l`ccjttii rilidtby tkobig k rip`rt `d hudltj`djde `hLidtrkb Grues \tkdgkrg L`dtr`b @rekdjzktj`d !LG\L@*$ Wajsslktajde rip`rt skys" tairi js kcpbi ivjgidli t` sa`w taktsivirkb sljidtjhjl ril`ccidgktj`ds suocjttig t` tai LG\L@

    t` pusa k grue jdt` ckrnit wiri kltukbby wrjttid oy jdvjsjobiakdgs `h grue l`cpkdjis taicsibvis kdg ixpirts ciriby`objeig oy puttjde taijr sjedkturis$/ Wajs l`ccjttii h`udgt` jt%s a`rr`r /ixpirt kgvjsi kdg bittirs `h ril`ccidgktj d/hr`c taisi ixpirts rikg tai skci # w`rg oy w`rg # kdgwiri suocjttig `d tai skci gky$ L`ccjttii rip`rt ejvisducoir `h ixkcpbis `h tajs prkltjli h`bb`wig oy gruel`cpkdjis" `ovj`usby jd l`ddjvkdli wjta LG\L@$

    7=

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    53/162

    H`r k grue dkcig ks Lbivugjdi !]akckssit Jdl*" tariipr`hiss`rs `h cigjljdi # hr`c KJJC\" NOD Cigjlkb L`bbiei"Eubokrek kdg _E Nkr Cigjlkb L`bbiei" N`bnktk # b`lktig kt

    pbklis wajla kri ta`uskdgs `h cjbis kpkrt hr`c ikla `tair"akvi ejvid k w`rg h`r w`rg jgidtjlkb bittirs `hril`ccidgktj`d$ Jd jgidtjlkb bkdeukei taiy ril`ccidgtakt tai l`cpkdy cky oi pircjttig t` ckrnit tai gruewjta`ut l`dgultjde ckdgkt`ry lbjdjlkb trjkbs jd Jdgjk$

    K cigjljdi lkbbig \irtjdg`bi" !kd kdtj#psyla`tjl grue oyBudgoiln*" tarii ixpirts b`lktig kt tarii gjhhiridt pbklis!aikg `h tai gipkrtcidt `h psylajktry `h \tkdbiy Cigjlkb

    L`bbiei" Laiddkj" g`lt`r hr`c ]sylajktrjl Dursjde A`ci"Kacigkokg kdg A`G psylajktry `h BWC Cigjlkb L`bbiei"Cucokj* akvi ejvid bittirs `h ril`ccidgktj`d jd dikrbyw`rg#oy#w`rg" jgidtjlkb bkdeukei$

    H`r ]jrhidjg`di !ckgi oy Ljpbk*" pr`hiss`r `h pubc`dkrycigjljdi" KJJC\> k laist paysjljkd hr`c Bjbkvktj A`spjtkb"Cucokj> kd kggjtj`dkb pr`hiss`r `h pubc`dkry cigjljdihr`c ]EJ" Lakdgjekra kdg k pubc`d`b`ejst `h Zksa`gk

    A`spjtkb" \iludgirkokg akvi kbb ejvid taijrril`ccidgktj`ds `d skci gkywiri kbb rilijvig ixkltby `dtai skci gky kdg akvi kgfklidt rilijpt ducoir `h GLEJ$

    H`r _jvkr`xkokd " k grue h`r prividtj`d `h lb`ttjde"ckduhklturig oy Okyir" ]r`h `h `rta`pigjls" KJJC\>l`dsubtkdt kt Gkykdkdg Cigjlkb L`bbiei" Bugajkdk kdgpr`hiss`r `h `rta`pigjls hr`c \t F`ads Cigjlkb L`bbiei"

    Okdekb`ri" akvi kbb ejvid ril`ccidgktj`ds" wajla kri gjtt`l`pjis `h ikla `tair$

    Jd tai lksi `hG`x`hybbjdi" kd kdtj#kstacktjl grue" ]r`h `hcigjljdi `h CEC Cigjlkb L`bbiei" Jdg`ri kdg k l`dsubtkdthr`c Jdgrkprkstak Kp`bb` A`spjtkb" Diw Gibaj akvi ejvidril`ccidgktj`ds wajla kri kbs` w`rg#oy#w`rg jgidtjlkb$

    H`r Djcisubjgi jdfiltj`d" A@G `h cigjljdi" E`virdcidt

    Cigjlkb L`bbiei" Kurkdekokg kdg sidj`r l`dsubtkdt

    7;

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    54/162

    `rta`pigjl surei`d `h Jdgrkprkstak Kp`bb` A`spjtkb" Gibaj"akvi e`vid bittirs `h `pjdj`d wajla siic t` akvi riklaigGLEJ ixkltby `d tai skci gky kdg akvi rilijpt ducoirs

    kgfklidt t` ikla `tair$

    Jd lksi `hKgicitj`djdi" g`lt`rs oib`dejde t` B`nckdykWjbkn Cigjlkb L`bbiei" Cucokj> Cigjlkb L`bbiei"Wajruvkdkdtakpurkc> J]ECI_ N`bnktk kdg lakjrckd kdglajih `h aipkt`b`ey `h \jr Ekdek _kc A`spjtkb" Gibaj akvikbb ejvid bittirs `h ril`ccidgktj d wjta sjcjbkr l`ccidts$

    Wai lksi `hhjxig g`si l`cojdktj`d `h Kklilb`hidkl

    wjta Gr`tkvirjdi" wajla js d`t pircjttig jd kdy givib`pigl`udtry `h D`rta Kcirjlk" Iur`pi `r Kustrkbksjk" jsixtriciby lurj`us$ Airi kd `hhjljkb hr`c LG\L@ `hhjli wr`tit` tai ckduhklturi %Waicjs Cigjlkri Btg$% takt tail`cpkdy sa`ubg sibilt tai ixpirts kdg eit taijr `pjdj`dskdg taid gibjvir taic t` LG\L@$

    Wai pkrbjkcidtkry l`ccjttii" viry rjeatby aks l`dlbugigtakt /Wairi js suhhjljidt ivjgidli `d ril`rg t` l`dlbugi takt

    tairi js l`bbusjvi dixus oitwiid grue ckduhklturirs" s`cihudltj`dkrjis `h LG\L@ kdg s`ci cigjlkb ixpirts$/ Hr`ctajs %c`gus pirkdgj%`h tai grue l`cpkdjis oil`cislrystkb lbikr$ H`r kdy diw cigjljdis takt taisi l`cpkdjisgisjri t` ckrnit jd Jdgjk" taiy fust lrikti k risikrla rip`rt`r k bittir `h ril`ccidgktj`d" eit tai sjedkturi `h kdyG`lt`r jd tai l`udtry `d tai g`ttig bjdi" wa` cjeat d`tivid akvi prislrjoig tai cigjljdi oih`ri" L`bbilt sula

    rip`rts hr`c h`ur l`rdirs `h tai l`udtry" lriktjde kdjcprissj`d takt grue aks udgire`di ixtidsjvi lbjdjlkb trjkbs`vir k wjgi krik kdg l`cpbiti tai h`rckbjty `h suocjssj`d`h g`lucidts t` LG\L@$

    Wai LG\L@" `d taijr pkrt" jdstikg `h oijde l`dtr`bbirs" akvigierkgig taicsibvis ks hkljbjtkt`rs$ Waiy kri" bjni iviry`tair ourikulrktjl `rekdjzktj`d `h tai E`virdcidt" pbkeuigoy tai ivir prisidt ivjb `h l`rruptj`d$ Out way sa`ubg kbb

    taisi icjdidt G`lt`rs kdg Cigjlkb ]rkltjtj`dirs hkbb iksy

    7?

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    55/162

    prky t` vjbiby wkys `h grue l`cpkdjis0 js k quistj`d taktpkjds cy cjdg$ Out js taijr rikbby k gjhhiridli oitwiid kG`lt`r idf`yjde hrii a`spjtkbjty `h k grue l`cpkdy jd k

    h`rijed bkdg" udgir pritixt `h kttidgjde k cigjlkbl`dhiridli kdg tai G`lt`rs" wa` akvi sjedig `d tai g`ttigbjdi `d k bittir `h ril`ccidgktj`d `h k grue" wajla aksoiid divir prislrjoig oy taic$ Jt js k ckf`r slkc takt jdtaisi o`ta lksis" G`lt`rs" jdstikg `h ejvjde s`udg sljidtjhjlivjgidli" kri w`rnjde h`r tai grue l`cpkdjis$

    ;= Cky ?=;?

    7

  • 7/22/2019 Making Sense of India

    56/162

    Jed`cjdj`us gjserkli

    @d iviry c`rdjde" J e` h`r k orjsn wkbn jd k pkrn sjtuktigd`t viry hkr hr`c cy a`usi$ Wajs pkrn aks k pilubjkr njdg `hsakpi$ Wai t`tkb bideta `h tai pkrn cust oi oitwiid ? `r


Recommended