Making the Linkage Between

Water Management & Planning

Making the Linkage Between

Water Management & Planning

Rita P. Maguire, President and CEORita P. Maguire, President and CEO

ACMA 2006 Summer ConferenceJuly 27, 2006 -- Tucson, AZ

2

Does Arizona have enough water?Does Arizona have enough water?

Yes . . .

and No.

The answer is . . . it depends.

Yes . . .

and No.

The answer is . . . it depends.

3

Groundwater40%

Surface Water54%

Effl

uen

t 6%

Colorado

~33%

Salt/Verde/Gila~66%

Where does Arizona’s water come from?Where does Arizona’s water come from?

Annual demand for water is approx. 7.5 mafAnnual demand for water is approx. 7.5 maf

Arizona’s Single Largest Effluent User

– Palo Verde Nuclear Plant –

Arizona’s Single Largest Effluent User

– Palo Verde Nuclear Plant –

4

Colorado River AllocationColorado River Allocation

The Colorado River was over-allocatedin 1922 among the 7 states

Avg. annual yield isapprox. 15 mafwhile states assumedavg. yield was 17 maf

Arizona’s share ofColorado River is 2.8 maf

• CAP is lowest priorityuser in Lower Basin

The Colorado River was over-allocatedin 1922 among the 7 states

Avg. annual yield isapprox. 15 mafwhile states assumedavg. yield was 17 maf

Arizona’s share ofColorado River is 2.8 maf

• CAP is lowest priorityuser in Lower Basin

California

Nevada

ArizonaNew Mexico

Colorado

Wyoming

Utah

Upper Basin

Lower Basin

5

Southwest Climatic ConditionsSouthwest Climatic Conditions

U of A tree ring studies indicate that

20th century was unusually wet

This could mean 20-30 year drought

cycles

in Arizona are normal

Supply calculations could be over-

estimated

U of A tree ring studies indicate that

20th century was unusually wet

This could mean 20-30 year drought

cycles

in Arizona are normal

Supply calculations could be over-

estimated

6

Where does Arizona’s water go?Where does Arizona’s water go?

Agriculture

• 70% of statewide use

• Down from 90% around 1900, still decreasing

Municipal

• Increasing,but the only sector in safe yield

Industrial

• More significant in Tucsondue to mining

Agriculture

• 70% of statewide use

• Down from 90% around 1900, still decreasing

Municipal

• Increasing,but the only sector in safe yield

Industrial

• More significant in Tucsondue to mining

Phoenix AMA

Industrial8%Municipal

46%

Agriculture46%

Phoenix AMA

Industrial8%Municipal

46%

Agriculture46%

Tucson AMA

Industrial17%Municipal

50%

Agriculture33%

Tucson AMA

Industrial17%Municipal

50%

Agriculture33%

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How is water managed in the West?How is water managed in the West?

Typically regulated at the state & local levels

Federal control:

• Historically, a result of funding &

construction of massive reclamation

projects (eg. Salt River Project)

• Today, through environmental laws,

case law & lower basin management

through the Secretary of the Interior

Typically regulated at the state & local levels

Federal control:

• Historically, a result of funding &

construction of massive reclamation

projects (eg. Salt River Project)

• Today, through environmental laws,

case law & lower basin management

through the Secretary of the Interior

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How is water managed in Arizona?How is water managed in Arizona?

The Groundwater Management Code (1980)

regulates groundwater use in Arizona’s AMAs,

with increasingly stringent regulations

Access to deep aquifers & imported surface

water supplies from the Colorado River have

shaped management in Central Arizona

Many rural areas have limited groundwater

supplies & few surface water rights

The Groundwater Management Code (1980)

regulates groundwater use in Arizona’s AMAs,

with increasingly stringent regulations

Access to deep aquifers & imported surface

water supplies from the Colorado River have

shaped management in Central Arizona

Many rural areas have limited groundwater

supplies & few surface water rights

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Active Management Areas (AMAs)Active Management Areas (AMAs)

AMAs comprise• 80% of population• 75% of water

consumption

• 13% of land

4 of the 5 AMAs havea mandated goal of safe yield by 2025

All new irrigation bannedin AMAs & INAs after 1980

AMAs comprise• 80% of population• 75% of water

consumption

• 13% of land

4 of the 5 AMAs havea mandated goal of safe yield by 2025

All new irrigation bannedin AMAs & INAs after 1980

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Regulation Within the AMAsRegulation Within the AMAs

4 of the 5 AMAs have goal of “Safe Yield”

Safe Yield

groundwatergroundwater

pumped replenished

ADWR has exclusive authority to manage

the aquifers within AMAs

4 of the 5 AMAs have goal of “Safe Yield”

Safe Yield

groundwatergroundwater

pumped replenished

ADWR has exclusive authority to manage

the aquifers within AMAs

=

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Regulation Outside the AMAsRegulation Outside the AMAs

State adequacy program serves as a

notice to initial purchaser of residential

property

No protection of groundwater supplies

Limited knowledge of the long-term water

budgets of non-AMA communities

State adequacy program serves as a

notice to initial purchaser of residential

property

No protection of groundwater supplies

Limited knowledge of the long-term water

budgets of non-AMA communities

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Statewide Water & Land Use PlanningStatewide Water & Land Use Planning

Growing Smarter

Assured Water Supply Program within

AMAs

Rural Watershed Committees with

ADWR technical support

Well-drilling & well-spacing rules

Growing Smarter

Assured Water Supply Program within

AMAs

Rural Watershed Committees with

ADWR technical support

Well-drilling & well-spacing rules

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Consequence of Poor ManagementConsequence of Poor Management

Increased water costs

Decreased water quality

Permanently reducedaquifer storage capacity

Land subsidence

Extreme competition for supplies

Declining growth & investment

Environmental damage, i.e. in riparian areas

Public disillusionment

Increased water costs

Decreased water quality

Permanently reducedaquifer storage capacity

Land subsidence

Extreme competition for supplies

Declining growth & investment

Environmental damage, i.e. in riparian areas

Public disillusionment

14

Water Shortages & ResponsesWater Shortages & Responses

Caused by demand in excess of supply• Seasonal

• Drought-related

• Long-term imbalance betweendemand & supply

The nature of the shortageaffects the selection of the solution

• Enhancing supplies

• Reducing demand

• Combined approach

Caused by demand in excess of supply• Seasonal

• Drought-related

• Long-term imbalance betweendemand & supply

The nature of the shortageaffects the selection of the solution

• Enhancing supplies

• Reducing demand

• Combined approach

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Response Options to a Water ShortageResponse Options to a Water Shortage

Reduce Demand

Non-regulatory

System Improvement

s

Minimize Waste

Leak Detection

Metering

Customer Programs

Educational Programs

Incentive Programs

Assistance Programs

Regulatory Controls

Incremental Pricing

Drought Restrictions

Conservation

Ordinances

Differential Hook-up

Fees

Increase Supply

Other

Water Harvesting

Watershed Manageme

nt

Import Water

Est. Tech. Adv. Team

Temporary Transfers (Leasing)

Outright Purchases

Dry Year Options

Surface Water

Diversions

Surface Water Rights

Groundwater Pumping

Local Supply Enhancemen

ts

Storage Options

Distribution System Storage

Underground

Surface Reservoirs

Effluent Reuse

Reclaimed Wastewater System

On-Site Use

Water Purification / Potable

UseRecharge /Recovery of Effluent

Water Shortag

e

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Response Options to a Water ShortageResponse Options to a Water Shortage

Reduce Demand

Non-regulatory

System Improvement

s

Minimize Waste

Leak Detection

Metering

Customer Programs

Educational Programs

Incentive Programs

Assistance Programs

Regulatory Controls

Incremental Pricing

Drought Restrictions

Conservation

Ordinances

Differential Hook-up

Fees

Increase Supply

Other

Water Harvesting

Watershed Manageme

nt

Import Water

Est. Tech. Adv. Team

Temporary Transfers (Leasing)

Outright Purchases

Dry Year Options

Surface Water

Diversions

Surface Water Rights

Groundwater Pumping

Local Supply Enhancemen

ts

Storage Options

Distribution System Storage

Underground

Surface Reservoirs

Effluent Reuse

Reclaimed Wastewater System

On-Site Use

Water Purification / Potable

UseRecharge /Recovery of Effluent

Water Shortag

e

Reduce Demand

Non-regulatory

System Improvements

Minimize Waste

Leak Detection

Metering

Customer Programs

Educational Programs

Incentive Programs

Assistance Programs

Regulatory Controls

Incremental Pricing

Drought Restrictions

Conservation Ordinances

Differential Hook-up

Fees

Reduce Demand

Non-regulatory

System Improvements

Minimize Waste

Leak Detection

Metering

Customer Programs

Educational Programs

Incentive Programs

Assistance Programs

Non-regulatory

System Improvements

Minimize Waste

Leak Detection

Metering

System Improvements

Minimize Waste

Leak Detection

Metering

Customer Programs

Educational Programs

Incentive Programs

Assistance Programs

Regulatory Controls

Incremental Pricing

Drought Restrictions

Conservation Ordinances

Differential Hook-up

Fees

Regulatory Controls

Incremental Pricing

Drought Restrictions

Conservation Ordinances

Differential Hook-up

Fees

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Response Options to a Water ShortageResponse Options to a Water Shortage

Increase Supply

Other

Water Harvesting

Watershed Manageme

nt

Import Water

Est. Tech. Adv. Team

Temporary Transfers (Leasing)

Outright Purchases

Dry Year Options

Surface Water

Diversions

Surface Water Rights

Groundwater Pumping

Local Supply Enhancemen

ts

Storage Options

Distribution System Storage

Underground

Surface Reservoirs

Effluent Reuse

Reclaimed Wastewater System

On-Site Use

Water Purification / Potable

UseRecharge /Recovery of Effluent

Reduce Demand

Non-regulatory

System Improvement

s

Minimize Waste

Leak Detection

Metering

Customer Programs

Educational Programs

Incentive Programs

Assistance Programs

Regulatory Controls

Incremental Pricing

Drought Restrictions

Conservation

Ordinances

Differential Hook-up

Fees

Water Shortag

e

Increase Supply

Other

Water Harvesting

Watershed Management

Import Water

Est. Tech. Adv. Team

Temporary Transfers (Leasing)

Outright Purchases

Dry Year Options

Surface Water

Diversions

Surface Water Rights

Groundwater Pumping

Local Supply Enhancements

Storage Options

Distribution System Storage

Underground

Surface Reservoirs

Effluent Reuse

Reclaimed Wastewater

System

On-Site Use

Water Purification / Potable Use

Recharge /Recovery of

Effluent

Increase Supply

Other

Water Harvesting

Watershed Management

Other

Water Harvesting

Watershed Management

Import Water

Est. Tech. Adv. Team

Temporary Transfers (Leasing)

Outright Purchases

Dry Year Options

Import Water

Est. Tech. Adv. Team

Temporary Transfers (Leasing)

Outright Purchases

Dry Year Options

Surface Water

Diversions

Surface Water Rights

Groundwater Pumping

Local Supply Enhancements

Surface Water

Diversions

Surface Water Rights

Groundwater Pumping

Local Supply Enhancements

Surface Water

Diversions

Surface Water Rights

Groundwater Pumping

Local Supply Enhancements

Storage Options

Distribution System Storage

Underground

Surface Reservoirs

Storage Options

Distribution System Storage

Underground

Surface Reservoirs

Effluent Reuse

Reclaimed Wastewater

System

On-Site Use

Water Purification / Potable Use

Recharge /Recovery of

Effluent

Effluent Reuse

Reclaimed Wastewater

System

On-Site Use

Water Purification / Potable Use

Recharge /Recovery of

Effluent

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Successful Water ManagementSuccessful Water Management

The future will require aggressive action

by community leaders

including regional cooperation &

partnerships;

without it, water shortages could become

a chronic problem in Arizona.

The future will require aggressive action

by community leaders

including regional cooperation &

partnerships;

without it, water shortages could become

a chronic problem in Arizona.

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ThinkAZ PublicationThinkAZ Publication

Ten Steps to Address

a Rural Water

Shortage

published by ThinkAZ

www.thinkaz.org

Ten Steps to Address

a Rural Water

Shortage

published by ThinkAZ

www.thinkaz.org