Malaria

Mohammad Tanvir IslamAssistant Professor MedicineBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

What Is malaria? A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by

Protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium

What Is malaria? Transmitted only by Anopheles Mosquitoes (>60 species!)

Seattle Biomedical Research Institute

Malaria damages the bodyin a number of ways

Red blood cell destruction -> anemia

Waves of parasites bursting red blood cellsLead to classic cycles of fever and chills

Malaria damages the bodyin a number of ways

Changes adhesive properties of infected Red blood cells -> blocking blood vessels

leading to Tissue hypoxia

Leading causes of death in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia for persons age 0-44 (World Health Organization)

As you knowin the developing world treatable

infectious diseases remain big killers

Leading causes of death in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia for persons age 0-44 (World Health Organization)

That’s right: 300 million new cases per year

making it the most prevalent serious infectious disease!

Endemicity in Bangladesh Malaria is a public health problem in

Bangladesh The disease is high endemic in the

13border belt districts These districts are in the east and north-

east border facing international boundaries with the eastern states of India (Assam, Tripura and Meghalaya)and a small part of Myanmar.

16

A parasitic diseases caused by plasmodium species

Transmitted by the bite of infected female anopheline mosquitoes

Characterized by periodic paroxysm with shaking chills, high fever, heavy sweating

Anemia and splenomegaly in cases suffering from several attack of paroxysm

What is Malaria?

17 ■ Etiology▲ Four species of plasmodium cause

malaria in human. P. vivax, P. ovale. P. malariae P. falciparum Each species has its own

morphologic, biologic, pathogenic, and clinical

characteristics.

Some important points in history taking

Geographical history Drugs taken Symptoms duration and time course Previous illness and treatment Previous blood transfusion Pregnancy Other illness in the family

Treatment of Falciparum MalariaUncomplicated Malaria

Alternative treatment

Severe Malaria

Severe Malaria

Treatment during pregnancy

Treatment during pregnancy

Prevention & control of Malaria Control means that a disease is reduced

to a level when it is no longer a major public health problem

Control measures may have to be continued indefinitely

Fundamental elements Early diagnosis Prompt and appropriate treatment Disease prevention

Prevention of Malaria1. Personal protection

1. Mosquito net/insecticide treated bed net2. Repellent creams and spray3. Long sleeve & trouser

Prevention of Malaria Anti mosquito measures

Destruction of Adult mosquito by Spraying insecticidse like DDT or Gammexane

Anti-larval measures – elimination of breeding places Lervicides- oil, green paris, DDT dissolved in oil Culture of Guppy Fish, Telapiya Fish in small

ponds Vaccines-needs further study

Advice for travellers Use mosquito nets, repellents, sprays Use long sleeve, trousers Stay indoor at night time

Chemoprophylaxis Chemoprohylactic drugs are not 100%

effective They can alter the history and mask

symptoms May induce resistance May cause false negative blood smear

Thank you