Malaysian Studies Lesson 14

8/13/2019 Malaysian Studies Lesson 14

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FEDERATION OF

MALAYAPERSEKUTUAN TANAH MELAYU

(PTM)


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FEDERATION OF MALAYA

The British finally agreed to replace the MU with a

new form of government, known as the

Federation of Malaya.

The new system of administration was officially

launched on 1 February 1948 despite being

opposed by certain groups.


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Protest against Malayan Union


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The New Constitution Proposal

A working committee was formed on 25 July

1946 to draw up a new constitution.

The committee members consisted of 6 British

officers, 4 representatives of the Malay rulers

and 2 UMNO representatives.


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Its Challenges

The British reinstated the rights of the

Malays because of pressure from the

Malays and former British administrators.

However, the constitution too was opposed

by other groups, especially the non-Malaysand Malay community itself.


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Opposition From AMCJA

Non-Malays objected as the working committeedid not include any non-Malay.

AMCJA (All Malayan Council of Joint Action)established on 22 Dec 1946 led by Tun TanCheng Lock, consisted of MIC, Malayan Peoples

Anti-Japanese Ex-Services Comrades

Association and the Pan-Malayan Federation ofTrade Union.


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Tun Tan Cheng Lock


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Pusat Tenaga Rakyat (PUTERA)

Malays from the Parti Kebangsaan Melayu

Malaya (PKMM), Angkatan Pemuda Insaf

(API), Angkatan Wanita Sedar (AWAS)also protested, the Working Committee

compromised too much with the British and

the Malays will lose out.


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Pusat Tenaga Rakyat (PUTERA)

Later, all these three parties joint together

to form Pusat Tenaga Rakyat (PUTERA)

under the chairmanship of Dr. BurhanuddinHelmi.


10/22

Opposition From AMCJA-PUTERA

PMCJA (AMCJA)-PUTERA launched hartal

a close shop strike through out Malaya

but was checked by the British


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AMCJA fought on six principles:-

1. Unification of whole Malaya, including Singapore

2. Self rule through a Central Legislation body

which members chosen by the people

3. Same citizenship rights for all who considerMalaya their homeland deserving of theirallegiance.


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AMCJA fought on six principles:-

4. The sovereignty of the Malay rulers can becontinued but should be based on the principleof constitutional monarchy;

5. Matters pertaining to the Islamic religion andcustoms should be left to the Malay community;

6. The Malays should be given special attention toadvance


13/22

Four suggestions proposed byPUTERA:

1. The Malay language would be the officiallanguage of the country;

2. External Affairs and Defense be made the joint

responsibility of the Malayan Government andthe British;

3. The term Malay be used as the name forMalayan citizenship;

4. The national flag would contain the nationalcolours of the Malay people


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AMCJA-PUTERA Front

In March 1947, AMCJA amalgamated withPUTERA and led by Dr Burhanuddin Al-Helmi toopposed PMT.

They formed the Peoples Constitution in April1947.

The British rejected it as being radical.

They accused UMNO as pro-British.


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AMCJA-PUTERA Front

On 20 Oct 1947, they launched hartal a

close shop strike throughout Malaya but

was checked by the British. The AMCJA-PUTERA coalition showed

that communities of different

backgrounds could join together for the

same cause.


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The Launch of the Federation ofMalaya

On 21stJanuary 1948, signatures of 9 Malayrulers were obtained, and in February 1948Federation of Malaya government replaced that of

Malayan Union.


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Features of the Federation of Malaya

1. The Federation of Malaya would comprise

nine Malay States and the Straits

Settlements of Penang and Malacca

2. Headed by a High Commissioner (HC)

appointed by the British;


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3. A Federal Legislative Council and an

Executive Council to be under the

chairmanship of the HC;

4. The Malay rulers were returned their

rights over their own states;


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5. The administration of Malacca and

Penang came under Resident

Commissioner

6. The Executive Council was to advise the

HC


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7. A Council of Rulers was to be formed to

advise the HC esp. on matters related to

immigration8. Each state would have a State Council

9. Conditions for citizenship became more

strict and the special rights of the Malayswere recognized.


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CONDITIONS FOR AWARDINGOF CITIZENSHIP

The citizenship qualifications were

tightened.

Those who were born in the Federation orwhose father was a Federation citizen

would automatically become Federation

citizens. Those born in Singapore would

not become Federation citizens.


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CONDITIONS FOR AWARDINGOF CITIZENSHIP

Those eligible for application to become acitizen were:

Those born in the Federation and who hadlived there for 8 out of the 12 yearspreceding application;

Those who had lived in the Federation at

least 15 out of the 20 years preceding theapplication.

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Malaysian Studies Lesson 14

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