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Malinda Richards
Pioneer For Nurse EducationFirst American Trained Nurse
Presented By:Kristen McWilliams &John Schurer
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Malinda RichardsJuly 27, 1841 April 16, 1930
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TimelineBorn July 27, 1841 in West Potsdam, NY
Parents Sanford Richards & Betsy Sinclair Richards
Christened as Malinda Ann Judson Richards
Moved to WI at age 4 but returned to Newbury, VT shortly thereafter
Nurse training began under family doctor Doc Currier who cared for her mother
Enrolled at St. Johnsbury Academy at age 15 for teacher training
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Timeline Contd
Met and became engaged to George Poole in 1860
1869- moved to Boston to work at Boston City Hospital
1870- signed up for nurse-training program at the New England Hospitalfor Women & Children
Linda was the first student to enroll and first student to graduate fromnursing program
After graduating she became night supervisor at Bellevue Hospital inNYC
Created first written reporting system for charting and recording patientrecords
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Timeline Contd
1874- took over Boston School of Training made it the best program
1877- traveled to England for seven months of intensive study
1878- returned to Boston and established a nurse training school
1886- established the first nurse-training program in Japan
Additional nurse training programs established in Philadelphia,Massachusetts and Michigan
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First American Training School for Nurses
Dr. Susan Dimock took charge to reform training of American nurses
New England Hospital for Women & Children
First class consisted of five students including Linda Richards
Work was very different then from what it is now
Days started at 5:30AM and ended at 9:00PM
Beds were in little rooms between wards
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First American Training School for Nurses Contd
Program was one year long
Training in medical, surgical and obstetrical nursing
Instruction very limited only 12 lectures given by visiting staff physicians
Bedside or practical instruction performed by interns
Names of medications given were not known
No text-books, entrance or final examinations
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First American Training School for Nurses Contd
Diplomas were quietly handed out to graduates
Student nurses were not treated with respect nor highly thought of
With all the knowledge available from physicians, very little trainingprovided during this program
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Japan (1885-1890)
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Japan (1885-1890)
In February 1885, a colleague suggest she joins an effort by theAmerican Board of Missions to establish a nursing school in Japan.
She accepted in August 1885, and was departed for Japan in December 1885.
First memories and great impression on her- Mt. Fuji and Rikshaw
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Japan (1885-1890)
First few months in Japan she spent learning Japanese
Gains notoriety for her efforts during a cholera outbreak, great reward for little work.
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Japan (1885-1890)-SchoolEstablishmentSchool Teaching Staff
John C. Berry, MD
Sara Buckley, MD
Japanese Physicians (PRN)
Malinda Richards, America's First Trained Nurse
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Japan (1885-1890)-SchoolEstablishmentChallenges to Instruction
Medical textbooks were American books
Anatomy & Physiology books were Cutler's Physiology books translatedinto Japanese
Nurse lectures carried out with assistance of interpreter
Richards found dietetics challenging due to cultural and foodpreferences of the Japanese
Much of teaching occurred in house shared by students and instructor
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Japan (1885-1890)
Practical Experience
Hospital ward care- Richards noted that eye infections were especiallyprevalent
Outpatient care- The most valuable training component
Nursing patients in homes
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Japan (1885-1890)Social changes for Japanese women
Richards noted Japanese women possess natural qualifications for nursing
Patience
Cheerful and Courteous
Able to win their way where they cannot enforce it
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Japan (1885-1890)Social changes for Japanese women
Richards also saw the need to be more assertive
Drug Compliance
Lack of identity?
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Japan (1885-1890)
Things get better
The Japanese people are appreciative of nursing efforts, planscommence to expand hospital facilities
Other schools built
All of Richards graduating students offered positions assuperintendents at newly established nursing schools
All graduating students demonstrate what they have learned inpractical exercises at graduation ceremony
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Japan (1885-1890)
Time goes on
The next two nursing classes total 20 students
Richards credits Mission Organizations for the growth of nursing inJapan
Expands to teaching Bible School to when not teaching nursing
Leaves Japan in 1890, citing health and climate as reason for change
From October 1980 to March 1891, she relaxed with a sightseeing trip toFrance
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Later Years-Mental Health
Heads the Philadelphia Visiting Nurses Society from April-November
1891
December 1891-April 1892 Kirkbride's Hospital for the Insane
April 1892-December 1892 Methodist Episcopal Hospital of Philadelphia
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Later Years- Mental Health
Richards findings of working in hospitals for the insane
Schools connected to private hospitals performed better for theinsane
Careful instruction needed to deal with insane
Average student lacked the patience/tact necessary to deal with theinsane
Sweetness of disposition needed
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Final Years
Retired at the age of 70 in 1911
Wrote her autobiography, Reminiscences of Linda Richards
Suffered a severe stroke in 1923
Lived the remainder of her life in New England Hospital for Women andChildren
Died April 16, 1930 in Boston at the age of 88
Inducted into National Womens Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, NY
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Disclosure of Resources
Reminiscences of Linda Richards, America's First Trained Nurse . LindaRichards; Boston: Whitcomb & Barrows,1911
Outlines of nursing history by Minnie Goodnow; W. B. Saunders Co.,Phildelphia,1916
Linda Richards: Americas First Trained Nurse by St. Lawrence County,NY Branch of the American Association of University Women,http://www.northnet.org/stlawrenceaauw/richards.htm .
Misison Work in Africa; The Rev. F. W. Bates Tells the American Board of Its Labor; Dr. Berry in Japan . The New York Times, October 17, 1895
Medical Instruction in Japan. The New York Times, June 13, 1884
http://www.northnet.org/stlawrenceaauw/richards.htmhttp://www.northnet.org/stlawrenceaauw/richards.htm