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MALNUTRITIONIN CHILDREN

DIANE TRUONG, MD FAAP

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MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN

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DEFINITION

Malnutrition:condition when thebody does not get theright amount of

nutrients it needs tomaintain healthytissues and organfunction

Overnutrition: obesity Undernutrition:

wasting

Suy Dinh Dng: Cthkhng tip nhnc lng dinhdng cn thit duy

tr hot ng ca tbov cquan

Dtha dinh dng :

bnh m

p ph Thiu km dinh dng:

gy yu

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PREVALENCE

About 1% of childrenin the United Statessuffer from chronicmalnutrition

50% of children insoutheast Asia

About two-thirds ofall the malnourishedchildren in the worldare in Asia, withanother one-fourth inAfrica

Khong 1% trem tiHoa Kbsuy dinhdng mn tnh

50% trem ti ngNam

Khong 2/3 tremsuy dinh dng trnthgii sng ti Chu v sng tiPhi Chu.

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ETIOLOGY

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Immediate causes: disease

Gastrointestinal disease Heart disease Lung disease Renal disease

Uncontrolled diabetesmellitus Tuberculosis Rheumatologic disease Infections (esp parasites) Malabsorption Poor dentition Trauma/Surgery

Bnh ng rut Bnh tim Bnh phi Bnh thn

Bnh tiu ng khngc iu tr Bnh Lao Bnh vim khp xng Bnh truyn nhim (k

sinh trng) Suy chc nnghp th au/su rng Thng tch / phc hi sau

phu thut

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Immediate causes:

inadequate food intake

Macronutrients:nutrients that providecalories or energy

Carbohydrates- provide

glucose to the brain andenergy to muscles Protein--necessary for

children to grow, 10-30% of diet in protein

Fat- build nerve tissueand hormones

Dinh Dng : thcphm mang li ngunnnglng cho cth

Tinh bt: tip tng

glucose cho no vnnglng cho bp tht Cht m: cn thit cho

stngtrng ca trem, cn 10-30% cht

m trong thc n Cht bo : gip cthxy dng bthn kinhv sn xut ni tit t

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Immediate causes:

inadequate food intake

Micronutrients:vitamins andminerals that is

essential in minuteamount for growthand development

Hidden hunger:iron, vitamin Aiodine and zinc

Vi cht dinh dng:slng sinh tvkhong cht cn

thit cho s

tngtrng ca cth.

Nn ithm lng:

thiu cht st, sinhtA, iodine v chtkm

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WHY DO WE CARE?

Anemia Goiter Rickets

Spinal curvature Visual deficits Scurvy Dermatitis

Mental deficiencies Developmental

delays Death

Thiu mu Bu c Bnh ci xng

Cong x

ng s

ng Suy thlc Scurvy (thiu sinh t

C) Lda n n Chm pht trin Cht

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MALNUTRITION

Kwashiorkor: causedby chronic lack ofprotein in the diet.Stunted growth with

bloated bellies andfeet. Marasmus: caused by

severe protein ANDcalorie deficit. Severe

thinning of entirebody (skin and bones)

Kwashiorkor: dothiu cht m trongthc n. Tremkhng ln ni, phnh

bng, sng tay, sngchn Marasmus (gy m):

do thiu ntrmtrng vccht m

v nnglng. Cthn hnh gy m dabc xng

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ASSESSMENT TOOLS

Mid Upper ArmCircumference (MUAC)

measuring tape

World Health

Organization (WHO)

standard graphs

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Height for agestunting

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Stunting: short for age

Source:United Nations Childrens Fund, World Health Organization, The World Bank, UNICEF -WHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition

Estimates, 2011 revision (completed July 2012).

26% of children in the world are stunted

1 in 2 in Asia

Caused by poor prenatal care and poor nutrition, just poor

In children younger than 2 yrs of age

Irreversible

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Weight for height--wasting

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Wasting: severe weight loss

Source:United Nations Childrens Fund, World Health Organization, The World Bank, UNICEF -WHO-World Bank Joint Child MalnutritionEstimates, 2011 revision (completed July 2012).

8% of children in the world are wasted

1 in 6 in South Asia

Substantial risk of death

Requires intensive in hospital therapy

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Weight for age--underweight

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Underweight: skinny for age

Source:United Nations Childrens Fund, World Health Organization, The World Bank, UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates, 2011revision (completed July 2012).

16% of children in the world are underweight

1 in 3 in South Asia

Caused by poor nutrition intake

reversible

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TREATMENT

address underlyingdisease

Vitamin and mineralsupplements

Parasitic infectiontreatment Most important:EDUCATION

Be patient,encouraging andnonjudgmental

iu trnhng bnhtt tin khi

Bsung sinh tvkhong cht trong

thc n iu trbnh k sinh

trng Quan trng nht :

H

NG D

N Cn phi kin nhn,ng hv khng chtrch

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