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Man and Energy Pongthep Suwanwaree, Ph.D. School of Biology Institute of Science Suranaree University of
Technology 18 January 2005
What is the meaning of Energy?
Potential Energy Kinetic Energy
Energy in sun light
Quality of energy
Energy evolution 1
Late 1700s
Energy evolution 2
Late 1800s
Industrial Revolution
1940s 1960s
Types of Energy
Nonrenewable Renewable
Important nonrenewable energy resources
Shifts in the use of commecial energy resources in the U.S.
World commercial energy use 1999
Thai commercial energy use 2000
1. Crude oil (Petroleum)
Proven world oil reserves (billions of barrels) in 1997
Oil drilling 1
Cook Inlet ofSouthern Alaska
Oil drilling 2
Sahara Desert of Algeria
Refining crude oil
Major trade routes for the world’s oil
Advantages of using conventional oil as an energy resource
Ample supply for 42-93 years Low cost (with huge subsidies) High net energy yield Easily transported within and
between countries Low land use
Disadvantages of using conventional oil as an energy resource
Need to find substitute within 50 years
Artificially low price encourages waste and discourages search for alternatives
Air pollution when burned Releases CO2 when burned Moderate water pollution
2. Natural gas
Natural gas deposite
Advantages of using conventional natural gas as an energy resourse
Ample supplies (125 years) High net energy yield Low cost (with huge subsidies) Less air pollution than other fossil
fuels Lower CO2 emissions than other fossil
fuels Moderate environmental impact
Advantages of using conventional natural gas as an energy resource
Easily transported by pipeline Low land use Good fuel for fuel cells and gas
turbines
Disadvantages of using conventional natural gas as an energy resource
Releases CO2 when burned Methane (a greenhouse gas) can
leak from pipelines Shipped across ocean as highly
explosive LNG Sometimes burned off and wasted
at wells because of low price
3. Coal
World coal reserves (billions of tons) in 1997 (antracite+bituminous)
Types of coal
Coal formation 1
Coal formation 2
Coal formation 3
Strip mining of coal
Open-pit mine
Advantages of using coal as an energy resource
Ample supply for 225-900 years Low cost (with huge subsidies) High net energy yield
Disadvantages of using coal as an energy resource
Very high environmental impact Severe land disturbance, air pollution
and water pollution High land use (including mining) Severe threat to human health High CO2 emission when burned Releases radioactive particles and
mercury into air
4.Nuclear Power
Fission
Fusion
Nuclear reactor
Control rods
Advantages of using nuclear power to produce electricity
Large fuel supply Low environmental impact (without
accidents) Emits 1/6 as much CO2 as coal Moderate land disruption and
water pollution (without accidents) Moderate land use
Low risk of accidents because of multiple safety systems (except in 35 poorly designed and run reactors in former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe)
Disadvantages of using nuclear power to produce electricity
High cost (even with large subsidies)
Low net energy yield High environmental impact (with
major accidents) Catastrophic accidents can happen
(Chernobyl)
No acceptable solution for long-term storage of radioactive wastes and decommissioning worn-out plants
Spreads knowledge for building nuclear weapons
Three Miles Island March 28, 1979
Chernobyl
April 26, 1986
Coal Nuclear
Ample supply High net energy yield Very high air
pollution High CO2 emissions 65,000 to 200,000
deaths per year in U.S.
High land disruption from surface mining
High land use Low cost
Ample supply of uranium
Low net energy yield
Low air pollution Low CO2 emissions About 6,000 deaths
per year in U.S. Much lower land
disruption High cost