27.11.2018
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Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry ActivitiesUNECE COFFI 2018, November, 6th, 2018
Dr.-Ing. Arno BueckenMan-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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• Institute for Man-Machine Interaction Faculty for Electrical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University
• founded 2006 by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Roßmann
• Currently about 50 employees Including 20 scientific employees
• Our Goal Building the scientifical foundation for eRobotics
The Institute for Man-Machine Interaction
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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What is the difference between the two videos?
Robotics eRobotics
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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From Visualization towards Virtual Testbeds and Simulation-based X
Simulation
Detailed analysis of single
individual aspects including
physics
Analysis of the complete system
within its environment. Integration of
the model, simulations and data
processing.
Engineering
Control
Optimization
Reasoning
User Interfaces
Virtual Testbed Simulation-based XVisualization / Animation
Static visualization of realitic
models, enhanced by
predefined animation
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Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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eRobotics-Applications in the fields of environment, industry and space
Re
se
rac
hT
ran
sfe
rA
pp
lic
ati
on
s
Environment SpaceIndustry
Methods and Processes of eRobotics
Digitalization
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Digital Technologies change the world – fast
Innerhalb von 8 Jahre ~100% Marktdurchdringung
2005: Visitors of the Vatican after the deathof pope Johannes Paul II
2013: Visitors of the Vatican after the retirement
of pope Benedikt XVI
Sources: www.spiegel.de, Christian Klettner / BASF
Digitalization changes the World – fast!
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Perfect?
Cars are now perfect. They do not need further improvement.
“If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.”Henry Ford
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Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Innovation by stepwise advancement?
Disruptive Developments are not new:
Refrigerator vs. „Block of Ice in the Basement“
Pflough vs. Spade
Cellphone vs. Phonebox
CAD vs. Drawing Board
etc.
Image: @_Future_LeadersThe Invention of Electrical Power was a disruptive Development!
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Everythings is fine!
Comfort Zone-Dilemma:
Actually, everything is fine.
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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How do major companies handle disruptive changes?
Example: Forest Surveyor
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Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Key Idea: Do not harvest more than the timber volume that grows back.Key Idea: Do not harvest more than the timber volume that grows back.
Sustainable Usage of the Forest
We need a precise inventory of the forest.We need a precise inventory of the forest.
Image: Pixabay
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Traditional forest surveying
Terrestrial Survey Measuring DBH Manual Notes Imag
es:
J. D
ietz
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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1) Perform an angular sample count to determine the basal area of all trees of the unit
Imag
e:
J. D
ietz
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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2) Determine top or mean height of the trees
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Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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3) Determine the age of the trees
Imag
e:
Pix
ab
ay
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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4) Estimate the timber volume by using the yield tables
The yield tables are
a characteristic map
for forestry units.
Age Height
Yield Class
Yield
Table
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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5) Update the map of the unit.
Imag
e:
W. H
art
man
n
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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6) Take the collected data to the office.
This has to be repeated every
seven years for each forestry
unit.
Imag
e:
J. D
ietz
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Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Forest Surveyor 2.0
Imag
e:
A.
Böh
m
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Remote Sensing
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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LIDAR point clouds
Point Clouds in Testareas provide a
detailed view of the forestry unit.
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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From Testareas to States
Testarea Schmallenberg
State North Rhine-Westphalia
1
1
1
BIG DATA
0
0
0
0
0
001
1
1
• Heterogenous Pointcloud
• 250 Billion Points
• 1-10 Points/m²
• 32.000 km²
• Several Flight Campaigns
• Different YearsMap: Wikipedia
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Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Open data in North Rhine-Westphalia
Since January 1st, 2017, North Rhine-
Westphalia provides open-data. All geodata
collected by the state are now available for
free for everybody.
Map: Wikipedia
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Open data – LIDAR point clouds
Near Espelkamp
34470000 5800000
Near Winterberg
34469500 5677000
Near Bad Münstereifel
34336000 5602000
5+
Points/m²
4
2-3
1
0
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Species Distribution
Calculate the tree species
distribution from the classification
map.
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Dominant Height
For each species: Weighted average
of the highest points for raster cell
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Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Yield Class
By using multitemporal LIDAR, the
quality of the unit can be adressed.
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Density - Yield Factor - Coverage
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Forest Information System
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Forestry Communication Networks
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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ClusterWIS
• Networked Forest Information and
Management System
• Decentralized Information Structure
• Standardized Communication Objects
• Open Interfaces
• Software Services
• Communicationstructure for
individuals in the forestry sector
E-Mai l
Sync
Sync
Sync
Sync Sync
Sync Sync
Sync
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Applications
Forest growth
simulation based
on individual
trees or
represetatitive
units.
??? Video
Waldwachstums-
simulation
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Applications
Visualizing the effect of different
harvesting strategies.
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Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
37
The four step of the industrial revolution
Image: Metaltech.com
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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„Forestry 4.0“ is not alone!
Farming 4.0
Bauindustrie 4.0
NRW 4.0
Smart City
Smart Grids
Smart Mobility/Smart Logistics
Smart Health Smart Port
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8][9]
[10]
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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The digital twin of a forestry unit
<internal> <external>
Inputs
• Forest Inventory
• Valuation
• Felling PlanExternal DataInternal Data
Inputs
• Subsidies
• Market Requests
• Delivery Order
Outputs
• Reply to Requests
• Trees, which are
sold
Outputs
• (expected) Value
• Height, Yield Factor
• Boundaries
actions
current state
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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• STORE the inventory data of the last years.
• SIMULATE the development within the next years for several harvesting strategies.
• SENSE the local growth conditions permanently.
• COUNSEL workers, machines, … for the optimal planing of harvests in consideration of required
measures of nature conservation, safety measures, …
• EXPLAIN tourists, where to find unique trees or bird species
• INITIATE required harvests and strategies under consideration of ist current state and the market
situation
A comprehensive DIGITAL TWIN of a forestry unit for example could:
The digital twin of a forestry unit
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Real and
Virtu
al W
orl
dR
eal W
orl
dV
irtu
al W
orl
d
Operations DevelopmentPhysisches Asset
Digital Shadow Digital Model
Modeling
Ausgangspunkt: Reinhart, Günther, „Digital Twin, Synchronizing Reality and Virtuality“, 2015
Operational data
Driver SurroundingsControl System
Digital Twin
=̂Communication
Cyber-Physical System
Communication
Real TwinMan-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Digital Twins are Basis for the Digitalization and Result of the Digitalization – at the same Time!
Forestry
UnitDigitalization Digitalization
Physical Asset Digital Twin
Value added Chains
and Networks
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Forestry Networks
Communication Network
Forest Wood
StoragePersons Economical
Software
Forest
Machinery
Forest
Worker
Wood
Transport
Sawmill
Software
Services
Simulations
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
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Forestry Networks
Forest
Machine
Transport
(Truck)
Chainsaw
Wald-
einheit
Forestry
Unit
Positions
Actions
Progress of
Work
Forestinformation
Progress of WorkSawmill
Progress of
Work
Wood-Assortments
Qualities
Accounting
Forest
Machine
Remote Service
Predictive
MaintenanceChainsaw
Remote Service
Predictive
Maintenance
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Effects on Green Jobs in Forestry
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
46
Conclusions
• change towards a network of humans and digital assets
• change in the requirements for personell
• change in the workload and the tasks
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
47
Conclusions
„Decent Jobs“• work in a modern, interesting and demanding environment
• jobs require a qualification => educated jobs
• a huge supply chain relies on forestry => sustainable jobs
ChangesChangesBetter
Qualification
Better
QualificationChancesChances
Man-Machine Interactions and their Consequences on future Forestry Activities | November, 6th, 2018
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken | [email protected]
48
Thank you!This project is supported by: