Management Information Systems, 10/e€¦ · Processors MHz stands forstands for millions of cycles...

Management Management Information Systems, Information Systems,

10/e10/e10/e10/eRaymond McLeod and George Raymond McLeod and George

Schell Schell

© 2007 by Prentice Hall© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell Raymond McLeod and George Schell

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Chapte 5Chapte 5Chapter 5Chapter 5Computing and Communications Computing and Communications

Resources Resources

© 2007 by Prentice Hall© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell Raymond McLeod and George Schell

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Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

►►Know the various computer components.Know the various computer components.►►Know the various computer components.Know the various computer components.►►Know about personal computing devices.Know about personal computing devices.►►Understand the implications of the rapid advancesUnderstand the implications of the rapid advances►►Understand the implications of the rapid advances Understand the implications of the rapid advances

in information and communication technologies.in information and communication technologies.►►Be familiar with input and output resources.Be familiar with input and output resources.►►Be familiar with input and output resources.Be familiar with input and output resources.►►Recognize how different storage media differ and Recognize how different storage media differ and

the advantages of each.the advantages of each.the advantages of each.the advantages of each.

© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

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Learning Objectives (Cont’d)Learning Objectives (Cont’d)Learning Objectives (Cont d)Learning Objectives (Cont d)

►►Know the advantages of prewritten software.Know the advantages of prewritten software.►►Know the advantages of prewritten software.Know the advantages of prewritten software.►►Understand the different computer networking Understand the different computer networking

strategies.strategies.strategies.strategies.►►Understand how communications over the public Understand how communications over the public

telephone system and networks differ.telephone system and networks differ.p yp y►►Know about network protocols.Know about network protocols.►►Distinguish between intranets, extranets, and theDistinguish between intranets, extranets, and the►►Distinguish between intranets, extranets, and the Distinguish between intranets, extranets, and the

Internet.Internet.


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Hardware & ProcessorsHardware & ProcessorsHardware & ProcessorsHardware & Processors

►►MainframesMainframes adlh komputer besar untkadlh komputer besar untk►►MainframesMainframes adlh komputer besar untk adlh komputer besar untk sistem informasi terpusat.sistem informasi terpusat.

►►MicrocomputersMicrocomputers oror PCsPCs are computersare computers►►MicrocomputersMicrocomputers or or PCsPCs are computers are computers used by one person.used by one person.

►►Processor (CPU)Processor (CPU) bertugas melakukanbertugas melakukan►►Processor (CPU)Processor (CPU) bertugas melakukan bertugas melakukan pemrosesan datapemrosesan data

►►Kecepatan prosesorKecepatan prosesor diukur dg brp jumlahdiukur dg brp jumlah►►Kecepatan prosesor Kecepatan prosesor diukur dg brp jumlah diukur dg brp jumlah penghitungan yang terjadi dalam satu per penghitungan yang terjadi dalam satu per detikdetik


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ProcessorsProcessorsProcessorsProcessors

►►MHzMHz stands forstands for millions of cycles permillions of cycles per►►MHzMHz stands for stands for millions of cycles per millions of cycles per secondsecond..

►►WordWord is the measure of how many bits canis the measure of how many bits can►►WordWord is the measure of how many bits can is the measure of how many bits can be moved with one cycle of the processor.be moved with one cycle of the processor.

►►Word sizeWord size is how many characters, “A”,is how many characters, “A”,►►Word sizeWord size is how many characters, A , is how many characters, A , can be moved in a single cycle of the can be moved in a single cycle of the processor.processor.pp

►►PowerPower is affected by both word size & is affected by both word size & processor speed.processor speed.


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p pp p

Table 5.1 Major Computer Table 5.1 Major Computer C tC tComponentsComponents


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Memory & StorageMemory & StorageMemory & StorageMemory & Storage

►►MemoryMemory ((primary storage or RAMprimary storage or RAM) is) is►►MemoryMemory ((primary storage or RAMprimary storage or RAM) is ) is the storage area on the computer’s circuit the storage area on the computer’s circuit board.board.

VolatileVolatileExtremely fastExtremely fast

►►Fixed storageFixed storage is permanently installed in is permanently installed in the computer.the computer.

►►Removable storageRemovable storage media media –– tape, disk, tape, disk, CD, DVD, USB flash drive, etc.CD, DVD, USB flash drive, etc.


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Figure 5.2 MotherboardFigure 5.2 MotherboardFigure 5.2 MotherboardFigure 5.2 Motherboard


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Input DevicesInput DevicesInput DevicesInput Devices

►►HumanHuman--captured datacaptured data refers to inputrefers to input►►HumanHuman captured datacaptured data refers to input refers to input captured by a person typing on a keyboard, captured by a person typing on a keyboard, clicking a mouse speaking into aclicking a mouse speaking into aclicking a mouse, speaking into a clicking a mouse, speaking into a microphone, or a similar interaction.microphone, or a similar interaction.

►►MachineMachine captured datacaptured data is data capturedis data captured►►MachineMachine--captured datacaptured data is data captured is data captured by an electronic or mechanical device.by an electronic or mechanical device.P i tP i t ff l t i ll t i l►►PointPoint--ofof--sale terminalssale terminals are scanners are scanners used in retail stores.used in retail stores.


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Output DevicesOutput DevicesOutput DevicesOutput Devices

►►MonitorMonitor►►Monitor Monitor Screen resolution, size 17Screen resolution, size 17--19’’ diagonals.19’’ diagonals.Graphic user interface (GUI)Graphic user interface (GUI)Graphic user interface (GUI).Graphic user interface (GUI).

►►PrintersPrintersl k hl k hLasers are like copier machines.Lasers are like copier machines.

InkInk--jets spray ink.jets spray ink.

►►Multimedia is the use of more than 1 Multimedia is the use of more than 1 medium at a time.medium at a time.


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Personal Computing DevicesPersonal Computing DevicesPersonal Computing DevicesPersonal Computing Devices

►►Cell phones with interactive messaging &Cell phones with interactive messaging &►►Cell phones with interactive messaging & Cell phones with interactive messaging & videovideo

►►Smart cell phones are phones that performSmart cell phones are phones that perform►►Smart cell phones are phones that perform Smart cell phones are phones that perform tasks associated with PCs i.e. BlackBerry tasks associated with PCs i.e. BlackBerry 7270 Treo 6507270 Treo 6507270, Treo 650.7270, Treo 650.

►►Global Systems for Mobile Global Systems for Mobile C i ti (GSM)C i ti (GSM) di it l ll ldi it l ll lCommunications (GSM)Communications (GSM) digital cellular digital cellular phone protocol.phone protocol.


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Home NetworksHome NetworksHome NetworksHome Networks

►►Home computer networks assess theHome computer networks assess the►►Home computer networks assess the Home computer networks assess the Internet via Internet via cable modemscable modems or or DSL DSL modemsmodems..

►►Setup usually requires the modem, network Setup usually requires the modem, network card(s), wireless router.card(s), wireless router.( ),( ),

►►Wireless security uses Wireless security uses Wired equivalent Wired equivalent privacyprivacy ((WEPWEP) which encrypts the data ) which encrypts the data p yp y (( ) yp) yptransferred between the computer & transferred between the computer & wireless router.wireless router.


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Home Computing SecurityHome Computing SecurityHome Computing SecurityHome Computing Security

►►UpdatesUpdates for OS an application software.for OS an application software.►►UpdatesUpdates for OS an application software.for OS an application software.For security & efficiency.For security & efficiency.Microsoft UpdateMicrosoft Update..Microsoft UpdateMicrosoft Update..

►►HackersHackers are people who try to break into are people who try to break into computer systems in order tocomputer systems in order toco pute syste s o de toco pute syste s o de to

Gather information;Gather information;Deny the owner access to his resources;Deny the owner access to his resources;y ;y ;Delete files;Delete files;Disrupt the use by the owner.Disrupt the use by the owner.


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Home Computing Security (Cont’d)Home Computing Security (Cont’d)Home Computing Security (Cont d)Home Computing Security (Cont d)

►►VirusesViruses are small computer programs thatare small computer programs that►►VirusesViruses are small computer programs that are small computer programs that replicate by inserting themselves into replicate by inserting themselves into computer resources such as programs orcomputer resources such as programs orcomputer resources such as programs or computer resources such as programs or files.files.

►►WormsWorms are selfare self contained files or programscontained files or programs►►WormsWorms are selfare self--contained files or programscontained files or programsDoes not have to attach to program or file.Does not have to attach to program or file.C d l t h fil dC d l t h fil d il dil dCan delete, change files, send eCan delete, change files, send e--mails, and mails, and cause problems. cause problems.


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Home Computing Security (Cont’d)Home Computing Security (Cont’d)Home Computing Security (Cont d)Home Computing Security (Cont d)

►►DenialDenial--ofof--service attackservice attack is when the useris when the user►►DenialDenial ofof service attackservice attack is when the user is when the user is denied access to the services of the is denied access to the services of the computer because it is overwhelmed with ecomputer because it is overwhelmed with e--computer because it is overwhelmed with ecomputer because it is overwhelmed with email.mail.

►►Antivirus softwareAntivirus software Norton MacAfeeNorton MacAfee►►Antivirus softwareAntivirus software –– Norton, MacAfee, Norton, MacAfee, etc. Keep virus definitions updatedetc. Keep virus definitions updatedSS Mi ft D f d L ftMi ft D f d L ft►►SpywareSpyware –– Microsoft Defender, Lavasoft Microsoft Defender, Lavasoft AdAd--Aware, etc. Free from Microsoft.Aware, etc. Free from Microsoft.


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SoftwareSoftwareSoftwareSoftware

►►System softwareSystem software ((OSOS) performs certain) performs certain►►System softwareSystem software ((OSOS) performs certain ) performs certain tasks that all computers require.tasks that all computers require.

Hardware interfaces, device drivers.Hardware interfaces, device drivers.,,Manage computer’s processes.Manage computer’s processes.OS OS –– Windows XP, Unix, Mac OS X, Linux.Windows XP, Unix, Mac OS X, Linux., , ,, , ,

►►Application softwareApplication software processes the user’s processes the user’s data.data.

►►Prewritten application softwarePrewritten application software is is produced by suppliers and sold to users.produced by suppliers and sold to users.


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p y ppp y pp

Application SoftwareApplication SoftwareApplication SoftwareApplication Software

►►Custom application softwareCustom application software is whenis when►►Custom application softwareCustom application software is when is when programmers for the business write the programmers for the business write the softwaresoftwaresoftware.software.

►►UserUser--written softwarewritten software in in EndEnd--User User ComputingComputing is created by the user such asis created by the user such asComputingComputing is created by the user, such as is created by the user, such as Excel Macros, Access Wizards.Excel Macros, Access Wizards.UU f i dl ftf i dl ft i ti t►►UserUser--friendly softwarefriendly software is computer is computer software that is simple & intuitive to use.software that is simple & intuitive to use.


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CommunicationsCommunicationsCommunicationsCommunications

►►ProtocolProtocol is the specification for formattingis the specification for formatting►►ProtocolProtocol is the specification for formatting is the specification for formatting data to be transferred between data to be transferred between communications equipmentcommunications equipmentcommunications equipment.communications equipment.

►►Public connectionsPublic connectionsT l h dT l h dTelephone modemsTelephone modemsIntegrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

l S b b ( S )l S b b ( S )Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)


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Table 5.4 Connecting to the InternetTable 5.4 Connecting to the InternetTable 5.4 Connecting to the InternetTable 5.4 Connecting to the Internet


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Communications (Cont’d)Communications (Cont’d)Communications (Cont d)Communications (Cont d)

►►PacketPacket is a piece of the total data to beis a piece of the total data to be►►PacketPacket is a piece of the total data to be is a piece of the total data to be communicated, includes sender & receiver communicated, includes sender & receiver addressesaddressesaddresses.addresses.

►►Cable modemsCable modems connect to the Internet via connect to the Internet via coaxial cablecoaxial cablecoaxial cable.coaxial cable.

►►Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)Improve data transmission rates.Improve data transmission rates.Increased speed.Increased speed.


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Private LinePrivate LinePrivate LinePrivate Line

►►CircuitCircuit is a connection that is alwaysis a connection that is always►►CircuitCircuit is a connection that is always is a connection that is always connected.connected.

►►Private linePrivate line is a circuit that is always openis a circuit that is always open►►Private linePrivate line is a circuit that is always open is a circuit that is always open to your communication traffic.to your communication traffic.

TT 11 li 1 5 Mbli 1 5 Mb TT 33 t 43 Mbt 43 MbTT--11 line over 1.5 Mbps; line over 1.5 Mbps; TT--3 3 at 43 Mbps.at 43 Mbps.MultiplexedMultiplexed is when the line is broken into is when the line is broken into separate lanes of communicationseparate lanes of communicationseparate lanes of communication. separate lanes of communication.


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Virtual Private NetworksVirtual Private NetworksVirtual Private NetworksVirtual Private Networks

►►Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) allow you to allow you to ►► tua ate et o s ( s)tua ate et o s ( s) a o you toa o you touse the security & speed of a private line but still use the security & speed of a private line but still use the lowuse the low--cost Internet.cost Internet.T li fT li f bli h h fbli h h f►►Tunneling softwareTunneling software establishes the set of establishes the set of intermediary locations of the telephone equipment intermediary locations of the telephone equipment that will host a given data communicationsthat will host a given data communicationsthat will host a given data communications that will host a given data communications transfer.transfer.

►► Privacy is attained because the tunnel is not Privacy is attained because the tunnel is not established unless the sending & receiving established unless the sending & receiving computers authenticate one another.computers authenticate one another.


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CommunicationsCommunications -- NetworksNetworksCommunications Communications NetworksNetworks

►►Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)►►Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)standard architecture for network connections standard architecture for network connections established by the established by the ISOISO..

►►TerminalTerminal is a device that has no storage or is a device that has no storage or processor; it allows for entering & displaying data processor; it allows for entering & displaying data for the computer.for the computer.

►►Systems Network Architecture (SNA)Systems Network Architecture (SNA) is a is a l f l ll hl f l ll hprotocol for large computers; it polls other protocol for large computers; it polls other

computers connected by the network for transfers.computers connected by the network for transfers.


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Table 5.5 OSI Reference ModelTable 5.5 OSI Reference ModelTable 5.5 OSI Reference ModelTable 5.5 OSI Reference Model


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Networks (Cont’d)Networks (Cont’d)Networks (Cont d)Networks (Cont d)

►►Token ringToken ring is ais a peerpeer--toto--peer protocolpeer protocol►►Token ringToken ring is a is a peerpeer toto peer protocolpeer protocolthat allows each computer to act as its own that allows each computer to act as its own controller.controller.

►►EthernetEthernet is an open protocol for peeris an open protocol for peer--toto--peer communications.peer communications.pp

IEEEIEEE endorsesendorses►►Data transmission crashData transmission crash is when two is when two

peer computers try to send data at the peer computers try to send data at the same time.same time.


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Figure 5.11 Token Ring Protocol Figure 5.11 Token Ring Protocol E lE lExample Example


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►►Data packetData packet is a piece of the total data tois a piece of the total data to►►Data packetData packet is a piece of the total data to is a piece of the total data to be communicated, combined with the be communicated, combined with the address of the destination computer, the address of the destination computer, the p ,p ,sending computer, and other control sending computer, and other control information.information.

►►Transmission Control Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolProtocol/Internet Protocol ((TCP/IPTCP/IP))

TCPTCP conducts communication over the network.conducts communication over the network.IPIP handles the packets so they can be routed. handles the packets so they can be routed.


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►►IP addressIP address is a fouris a four--part set of numberspart set of numbers►►IP addressIP address is a fouris a four part set of numbers part set of numbers (each from 0 to 255), separated by periods.(each from 0 to 255), separated by periods.

►►Network interface card (NIC)Network interface card (NIC) is used tois used to►►Network interface card (NIC)Network interface card (NIC) is used to is used to attach a device to the communications attach a device to the communications medium.medium.

►►Local Area Networks (LANs)Local Area Networks (LANs) is a group is a group of computers and other devices that are of computers and other devices that are ppconnected together by a communications connected together by a communications medium.medium.


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Table 5.6 Communications Network Table 5.6 Communications Network H dH dHardwareHardware


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►►Medium used by LANs can be copper wireMedium used by LANs can be copper wire►►Medium used by LANs can be copper wire, Medium used by LANs can be copper wire, wireless, fiberwireless, fiber--optics, or other media.optics, or other media.

►►LANs join computers that are physicallyLANs join computers that are physically►►LANs join computers that are physically LANs join computers that are physically located together.located together.

S b ildiS b ildiSame room or building.Same room or building.Total distance is less than ½ mile.Total distance is less than ½ mile.60 f b d60 f b d60 ft. between devices.60 ft. between devices.


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►►Metropolitan area network (MAN)Metropolitan area network (MAN) is ais a►►Metropolitan area network (MAN)Metropolitan area network (MAN) is a is a network that has a physical distance limit of network that has a physical distance limit of roughly 30 miles.roughly 30 miles.g yg y

►►Wide are networks (WANs)Wide are networks (WANs) are used to are used to connect computers and other devices when connect computers and other devices when ppthe distance exceeds the constraints of the distance exceeds the constraints of LANs & MANs.LANs & MANs.

Uses common carrier, public telephone system.Uses common carrier, public telephone system.WANs have been replaced by the Internet. WANs have been replaced by the Internet.


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Internet, Intranet & ExtranetInternet, Intranet & ExtranetInternet, Intranet & ExtranetInternet, Intranet & Extranet

►►InternetInternet is just a collection of networksis just a collection of networks►►InternetInternet is just a collection of networks is just a collection of networks that can be joined together; Public.that can be joined together; Public.

►►IntranetIntranet uses the same network protocolsuses the same network protocols►►IntranetIntranet uses the same network protocols uses the same network protocols as the Internet but limits accessibility to as the Internet but limits accessibility to computer resources to a select group of computer resources to a select group of p g pp g ppersons in the organization.persons in the organization.

►►ExtranetExtranet is when the intranet is expanded is when the intranet is expanded ppto include users beyond the firm; Trusted to include users beyond the firm; Trusted customers & business partners.customers & business partners.


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Convergence of Computing & Convergence of Computing & C i tiC i tiCommunicationsCommunications

►►Computing devices & communicationsComputing devices & communications►►Computing devices & communications Computing devices & communications devices are now incorporating features of devices are now incorporating features of the other into themselvesthe other into themselvesthe other into themselves.the other into themselves.

►►Voice over Internet ProtocolVoice over Internet Protocol ((VoIPVoIP) is ) is the routing of voice communications overthe routing of voice communications overthe routing of voice communications over the routing of voice communications over the Internet as if they were digital the Internet as if they were digital communicationscommunicationscommunications.communications.

WWW.SKYPE.COMWWW.SKYPE.COM –– free softwarefree software


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