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Management Information Systems Islamia University of Bahawalpur Delivered by: Tasawar Javed
Management Information Systems
Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Delivered by:Tasawar Javed
History of Information Systems It includes:
How H/W has evolved and how it has been applied over time
First general purpose Digital Computer was installed in a business organization
Great increase in speed Dramatic reduction in Size Evolved from relatively straightforward accounting
process to system Designed to support Managers and other problem solvers
Management Information Systems
Why Information Systems? It includes:
The competitive business environmentThree powerful changes have altered the environment of
business.1st: The Emergence & Strengthening of the global economy2nd: Transformation of industrial economies and societies
into knowledge and in-formation based service economies
3rd: Transformation of the business enterprise
Management Information Systems
First Change: The Emergence & Strengthening of the global economy
Growing % of economy in the world depends on import and exports. Foreign trade plays a vital role in the economy of the country.
Globalization: Management & control in a global marketplace Competition in world markets Global work groups Global delivery systems
Why Information Systems
Second Change: Transformation of industrial Economies
Knowledge and information based economies Productivity New products and services Leadership Time based competition Shorter product life cycle Turbulent environment Limited employee knowledge base
Why Information Systems
Third Change: Transformation of the enterprise
Flattening Decentralization Flexibility Location independence Low transaction and coordination costs Empowerment Collaborative work and teamwork
Why Information Systems
How IT can transform organizationsGlobal NetworksInternational division of labour: the operations of a firm are no longer
determined by location, the global reach of firms is extended; costs of global coordination decline. Transaction costs decline
Enterprise Networkscollaborative work & teamwork, across divisional boundaries, business process changed
Distributed computingempowerment: Management cost decline, individual have knowledge and information to act
Why Information Systems
How IT can transform organizationsPortable ComputingVirtual organizations: work is not tied to specific location, knowledge
and info can be delivered to anywhere in minimum time, work becomes portable
GUIAccessibility: everyone in organization can access the info, work flows can be automated, organizational cost decline as work flows move from paper to digital images, documents & Voice
Why Information Systems
Evolution in Computer H/W ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator & Calculator)
Developed in 1946 by John & Presper UNIVAC (universal automatic computer)
Installed in 1951, in US census Bureau GE; installed same machine 3 years laterThese early computer called ‘Mainframes’
IBM revolutionized the computer industry Introduced IBM/system/360 line More than one user appears to be working on the computer at
same time; refers as ‘Multitasking’ Old computer were much more slower than current computers
Management Information Systems
Moore’s Law Processor speed has increased in number of years, after
IBM introduced microcomputer Gordon Moore gave Moore’s law; one of the founder of
Intel, in 1960s It stated “storage density of integrated circuits on a silicon
chip doubled about every year” After that pace slowed down and now it doubles every year
and half (18 months) If you purchase a computer 15 years from today, it would
be 1024 times as powerful, yet cost the same as today’s model
Management Information Systems
IS are virtual system that enable management to control the operations of the physical system of the firm
Physical System Of the firms consists of tangible resources such as: materials, personnel,
machines and money Virtual System
Consist of the information resources that are used to represent the physical system; for example an inventory storeroom containing inventory items is a physical system and the computer based inventory master file is a virtual system that represents the physical system.
The Evolution in Computer Applications
Open system That interacts with its environment by means of
physical resources flows. An Information System is also an open system
Closed system System that doesn’t communicate with its
environment. Closed system would not interact with customers, managers, or anyone else
The Evolution in Computer Applications
Transaction Processing Systems Management Information Systems Virtual Office Systems Decision Support Systems Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
The Evolution in Computer Applications
IS; interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualisation in an organization
Information Data
Feed back
What is an IS?
Data Process Information
Computer Based IS
Computers and software are technical foundation and tools to store and process information
similar to the material and tools used to build a house Can’t produce required information to a particular
organization
Computer SW vs IS
Dimensions of IS
Organizational Dimensions structure: different levels and specialties
hierarchy of authority, responsibility: Senior Middle Operational management, Knowledge service Data workers
business process: Organization coordinate its work through its hierarchy and business process
Culture : ways of doing things, part is embedded in IS.
Management Dimensions Technological Dimensions
Dimensions of IS
Management Dimensions– Make decisions, formulate action plan and solve
organizational problem – Managers set organizational strategy for responding to
business challenges– In addition, managers must act creatively:
• Creation of new products and services• Occasionally re-creating the organization
Technological Dimensions– Hardware: physical component ;Software: instruction control
Hardware; Data management technology – Network and telecommunications technology – WWW: service to store retrieve information
• IT infrastructure: platform that the firm can built on its IS
Dimensions of IS
IS instrument for creating value to firms Investments in IS result in superior returns:
Increases productivity and revenue IS provides information that helps managers
making better decisions and improve the execution of business process
Value of IS
Business Perspective on IS
• Investing in information technology does not guarantee good returns
• Considerable variation in the returns firms receive from systems investments
• Factors that case The variation in Returns : – Adopting right business model according (suite) to
new technology – complementary investments (business processes, models,
management behavior and culture)
There variation in Returns on Information Technology Investment
Contemporary Approaches to IS
Operational level systems Info that monitor the elementary activities &
transactions of the organizations Knowledge level systems
IS that support knowledge and data workers in an organizations
Management level systems IS that support the monitoring, control, DM & Admin
activities Strategic level systems
IS that support the long range planning activities of senior management
Key System Applications in the Organization
The Challenge of Information System: Key Management Issues The Strategic Business challenge The Globalization challenge The Information Architecture Challenge The Information System Investment
Challenge The Responsibility and Control Challenge
