Management vs. Labor

“Tools” of Management

“Tools” of Labor

“scabs”

P. R. campaign

Pinkertons

lockout

blacklisting

yellow-dog contracts

court injunctions

open shop

boycotts

sympathy demonstrations

informational picketing

closed shops

organized strikes

“wildcat” strikes

Unions• Craft vs. Industrial• The craft unionist advocates sorting workers into

exclusive groups of skilled workers, or workers sharing a particular trade. The organization operates, and the rules are formulated primarily to benefit members of that particular group.

• The industrial unionist sees advantage in organizing by industry. The local organization is broader and deeper, with less opportunity for employers to turn one group of workers against another.

Knights of Labor

Terence V. Powderly

An injury to one is the concern of all!

Goals of the Knights of Laborù Industrial Union

ù Skilled and unskilled laborers

ù Employers are the new “slave power”

ù Eight-hour workday.

ù Worker-owned factories.

ù Equal pay for men and women.

ù Safety codes in the workplace.

ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor.

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

Samuel Gompers

How the AF of L Would Help the

Workersù Craft Union

ù Skilled worker.

ù Represented workers in national legislation.

ù National strike fund.

ù Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.

ù Mediated disputes between management and labor.

ù Closed shops.

The Socialists

Eugene V. Debs

• Vs. capitalism & Private Control

• Problem unequal wealth distribution

• Problem inevitable concentration of ownership in fewer and fewer hands

• Want GOV’T. control to ensure fairer distribution of the benefits of wealth.

• Necessity of class conflict• Difference Peaceful vs.

violent upheaval

Socialism vs. Communism

• From James D. Forman’s 1974 book, “Fascism.”– Democratic socialism, favoring government

ownership of the principal means of production, found gradual acceptance in the more advanced and industrialized nations through persuasion and the ballot box rather than by force and violence. Communism, with its revolutionary programs directed toward the same economic ends as democratic socialism, addressed itself to the bloody overthrow of capitalism everywhere, but it met with little success where the parent system was firmly planted.

Anarchists 1886

• Government unfairly restricts freedom of workers.• “New Order” needs to be achieved that represents the laborers.

International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

More aggressive union of industrial workers.

“Big Bill” Haywood of the

IWW

Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

I W W & the Internationale

The Hand That Will Rule the World One

Big Union

Union Struggles

• AFL opposed by National Association of Manufacturers & the radical IWW. IWW:– Class conflict– Worker takeover

• Manufacturer Assoc:– Spies– Injunction– Yellow Dog Contracts.

• Lack of UNITY damages possibility of success.

The “Formul

a”

unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists