““If you want to develop anything, If you want to develop anything, try to change something.” try to change something.”

~Woodrow Wilson~Woodrow Wilson

MANAGING CHANGE

What is Managing Change?

To define Change Management, we could say that it is about managing this transition from the old position to the new. We are unfreezing the old state and refreezing the new state so that it becomes established.

Change Management: the process, tools and techniques to manage the people-side of change processes, to achieve the required outcomes, and to realize the change effectively within individuals, teams, and the wider systems

Concept Of Managing change: Cont………….

Recognize the Context of ChangeWhen considering what change management in the workplace is, here are some of the factors that influence the need for change:1. Demographics - e.g. an ageing workforce puts a focus on pensions2. Competition - e.g. cheap labor elsewhere forces a rethink on pay scales3. Technology - e.g. calls for fast turnarounds in some product lines4. Legal/Political - e.g. change may be a legal requirement5. Economics - e.g. increases in indirect taxation change consumer spending levelsFactors can be transient, many and varied and may not always be clearly identifiable. Think about the factors influencing your change project and their significance

MANAGING CHANGE AT WORK:

Step One: Create UrgencyFor change to happen, it helps if the whole company really wants it. Develop a sense of urgency

around the need for change

Step Two: Form a Powerful CoalitionTo lead change, we need to bring together a coalition, or team, of influential people whose power comes from a variety of sources, including job title, status, expertise, and political importance .

Step Three: Create a Vision for ChangeA clear vision can help everyone understand why we're asking them to do something.

Step Four: Communicate the VisionOur message will probably have strong competition from other day-to-day communications within the company, so we need to communicate it frequently and powerfully, and embed it within everything that we do.

Step Five: Remove ObstaclesRemoving obstacles can empower the people we need to execute our vision, and it can help the change move forward.

Step Six: Create Short-term WinsCreate short-term targets – not just one long-term goal. We want each smaller target to be achievable,

with little room for failure.

Step Seven: Build on the ChangeEach success provides an opportunity to build on what went right and identify what we can improve.

Step Eight: Anchor the Changes in Corporate CultureFinally, to make any change stick, it should become part of the core of our organization. Our corporate culture often determines what gets done, so the values behind our vision must show in day-to-day work

Managing Resistance to Change

Typical reasons for resistance to changeTypical reasons for resistance to change

1.Fear of change1.Fear of change2. Not being consulted2. Not being consulted 3. Poor communication 4. Changes to routines 5. Low trust 6. Misunderstanding about the need for change 7. Exhaustion/Saturation 8. Change in the status quo

Managing Resistance to Change: Cont….

Ways to reduce resistance to change:Ways to reduce resistance to change:

1.Involve interested parties in the planning of change by asking them for suggestions and incorporating 1.Involve interested parties in the planning of change by asking them for suggestions and incorporating their ideas.their ideas.

2.Clearly define the need for the change by communicating the strategic decision personally and in 2.Clearly define the need for the change by communicating the strategic decision personally and in written form.written form.

3.Address the "people needs" of those involved3.Address the "people needs" of those involved

4. Design flexibility into change by phasing it in wherever possible

5. Be open and honest

6. Do not leave openings for people to return to the status quo

7. Focus continually on the positive aspects of the change

8. Deliver training programs that develop basic skills as opposed to processes

Successfully Implementing Change

Guiding Principles Guiding Principles Some guiding principles in planning a change include: Some guiding principles in planning a change include:

• • having a plan for the project implementation but being having a plan for the project implementation but being prepared to adapt this if the outcomes at different stages show prepared to adapt this if the outcomes at different stages show this to be necessary this to be necessary

• • having Executive (or senior) support which is essential for the having Executive (or senior) support which is essential for the success of a project, but recognizing that change will come from success of a project, but recognizing that change will come from bottom up bottom up

• • setting objectives and congratulating the team when each setting objectives and congratulating the team when each objective is achieved, but remembering that improvement is an objective is achieved, but remembering that improvement is an ongoing process ongoing process

• • recognizing that a plan for introducing change and monitoring recognizing that a plan for introducing change and monitoring the effects of the change is important, but gaining commitment of the effects of the change is important, but gaining commitment of people is vital in the success of a projectpeople is vital in the success of a project

Successfully Implementing Change: Cont….

Tips Tips

• • Have a defined communication strategy Have a defined communication strategy

• • Be consistent about sharing information Be consistent about sharing information

• • Consider using a variety of media to reach people Consider using a variety of media to reach people

• • Involve stakeholders in the planning process Involve stakeholders in the planning process

• • Support staff with training and opportunities to practice Support staff with training and opportunities to practice

• • Listen and act on questions, feedback and concerns Listen and act on questions, feedback and concerns

• • Celebrate ideas, achievements and successes Celebrate ideas, achievements and successes

• • Have a clear reason for implementing change Have a clear reason for implementing change

• • Have a shared vision about what the change will achieve Have a shared vision about what the change will achieve

• • Learn about the target population Learn about the target population

• • Identify the change champions, the innovators; these are Identify the change champions, the innovators; these are the people who will be prepared to introduce change the people who will be prepared to introduce change

• • Be aware of the different rate of uptake of change (see Be aware of the different rate of uptake of change (see below) below)

• • Provide feedback of progress to stakeholdersProvide feedback of progress to stakeholders

Organizational Development:

Pyramid of Organizational DevelopmentPyramid of Organizational DevelopmentThe six key tasks include:The six key tasks include:1.Identification and definition of a viable market to serve (i.e., set of customers1.Identification and definition of a viable market to serve (i.e., set of customers

2.Development of products and/or services appropriate to the firm's chosen 2.Development of products and/or services appropriate to the firm's chosen market.market.

3.Acquisition and/or development of resources required to operate the firm 3.Acquisition and/or development of resources required to operate the firm (including people, equipment, facilities, and financial resources).(including people, equipment, facilities, and financial resources).

4.Development of the operational systems necessary for the firm to function 4.Development of the operational systems necessary for the firm to function on a day-to-day basison a day-to-day basis

5.Development of management systems required for the overall functioning of 5.Development of management systems required for the overall functioning of the organization on a long-term basis. Key management systems the organization on a long-term basis. Key management systems include strategic planning, organizational structure, management include strategic planning, organizational structure, management development, and performance management systems.development, and performance management systems.

6.Development and effective management of the corporate culture that 6.Development and effective management of the corporate culture that management feels is necessary to guide the firm. Corporate culture management feels is necessary to guide the firm. Corporate culture consists of the values, beliefs, and norms that influence the behavior of consists of the values, beliefs, and norms that influence the behavior of

people in the firmpeople in the firm

Organizational Development: Cont…

Benefits of Organization Development:1. Change thought out Organization

2. Greater motivation

3. Increased Productivity

4. Better quality of work

5. Higher job satisfaction

6. Improved teamwork

7. Better resolution of conflict

8. Commitment to objectives

9. Increased willingness to change

10. Reduced absences.

11. Lower turnover

12. Creation of learning individuals and groups.

Limitations to Managing Change1.Changing nature: The principles of management are not static; with the growth of science and

technology, the concepts of management are also changing. 2. Narrow concept: The narrow outlook of managers is also an important limitation of management.

3. Flexibility in the principle: The techniques and polices of management are to be adjusted according to specific circumstances. For example, one principle may be good for one enterprise, but it may not be suitable for another.

4. Effect of External factors: Management is the process of decision-making. But it is influenced by external.

5. Changing social needs: The society becomes more extracting and demanding while the management fails to fulfill the society's changing needs

6.Related to human behavior: Management is related with human behavior and the same is changing. Different groups and different men, even in the same group of people behave differently under different circumstances.

7. Differences among organizational objectives, philosophies and exceptions: Although management is a universal concept and applicable to every kind of organization, however, there exist differences among organizational objectives, philosophies and assumptions between different organizations.

8.Management is culture bound: The culture and social customs of every country influence management. Social, political and religious environment put much influence on management.

9.Profit oriented concept: Another important limitation of management is that, it is actuated by self-

interest and pecuniary consideration.

RECOMMENDATION OF MANAGING CHANGE:

1.Managing Failure: By comparison a stepwise approach with lots of littlemovements is much more failure resistant.

2. Maintaining Stakeholder Buy-in: Even stakeholders who want change are subtly influenced by the status quo.  It represents the world that

they know and understand.

3. Limiting Risk. : One of the proper functions of Management is to understand and manage the risk of the organization

4. Building Momentum: By contract lots of little changes creates an opportunity for folks to get on board and feel like something is happening.  Plenty of opportunities to throw parties over smaller successes

5. Communication: Making people aware of what is happening and why early on gives them time to get used to the idea and have their concerns addressed

6. Provide training: Training in the system's fundamentals will show staff how to raise orders on the system – but for sustainable change, they

need to understand the underpinning principles

7. Make use of senior level support: Getting support from senior management and members can be hard but it is worthwhile and that

effort must be made to take it on and make it a success.

Conclusion

Successful change managers provide a compelling rationale for change, set challenging goals and provide visible leadership and commitment. They secure ‘buy-in’ from people who understand why change is necessary and what they can do to help bring it about. Their aspirations reflect their capability to implement. They also recognize the differing attitudes, behaviors and approaches of winners and losers. They equip people to bring about desired changes and help them to operate like winners.

Change management methodology ensures that changes to the organization are standardize and controlled. And, this will provide project managers with the tools to efficiently handle and maintain the needed changes

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