Managing & Main Tan Ing a Server 2003 Environment

8/2/2019 Managing & Main Tan Ing a Server 2003 Environment

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70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing

a Microsoft Windows Server 2003

Environment

Managing Disks and Data

Storage


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Storage

70-290:Managing a Microsoft Windows Server2003 Environment

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Objectives

Understand concepts related to disk management

Manage partitions and volumes on a Windows

Server 2003 system

Understand the purpose of mounted drives and how

to implement them

Understand the fault tolerant disk strategies

natively supported in Windows Server 2003


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70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a MicrosoftWindows Server 2003 Environment

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Objectives (continued)

Determine disk and volume status information and

import foreign disks

Maintain disks on a Windows Server 2003 system

using a variety of native utilities


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4

Disk Management Concepts

Windows Server 2003 supports two data storagetypes: Basic disks

Uses traditional disk management techniques

Has primary partitions, extended partitions, logicaldrives

Dynamic disks

Does not use traditional disk partitioning

No restriction on number of volumes implemented onone disk


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Basic Disks

Maximum of four primary partitions or three

primary and one extended partition on a disk

Each primary partition: Can use FAT, FAT32, or NTFS file system

Has a drive letter

Boot partition

Operating system files reside on boot partition

Can be located on a primary partition or logical drive


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Primary Partitions

A basic drive must contain at least one and no more

than four primary partitions

One partition is the system (or active) partition

Contains files to start operating system

Usually drive C on Windows

Can also be used for traditional data storage


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Extended Partitions and

Logical Drives An extended partition:

Is created from free hard disk space that is not

partitioned, formatted, or assigned a drive letter

Allows you to extend the four-partition limit

Can be divided into logical drives

Each drive is then formatted and assigned a drive

letter


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Volume Sets and Stripe Sets

Only on Windows NT Server 4.0

Volume set

Two or more partitions combined to look like one

volume with a single drive letter

Stripe set

Two or more disks striped for RAID level 0 or 5

Windows Server 2003 and 2000 provide backwardcompatibility

Can use but not create


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Dynamic Disks

Can set up a large number of volumes per disk

Volumes are similar to partitions but with additional

capabilities

Reasons to implement dynamic disks include Can extend NTFS volumes

Can configure RAID volumes for fault tolerance and

performance

Can reactivate missing or offline disks

Can change disk settings with restarting computer


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Simple Volume and Spanned

Volume A simple volume:

Dedicated, formatted portion of space on a dynamic disk

NTFS volumes can be extended (not system or boot)

A spanned volume:

Space in 2 to 32 dynamic disks

Treated as a single volume

Allows you to maximize use of scattered space across

several disks


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Striped Volume

Referred to as RAID level 0

Implemented for performance enhancement,

particularly for storage of large files Not fault tolerant

Requires from 2 to 32 disks

Data is written in 64 KB blocks across rows in thevolume


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Striped Volume (continued)


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Managing Partitions and

Volumes Primary tool is Disk Management

Central facility for

Viewing information Creating partitions and volumes

Deleting partitions and volumes

Converting basic disks to dynamic disks


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Managing Partitions and

Volumes (continued)


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Managing Disk Properties

Disk Management:

Can be added to a custom MMC

Most commonly accessed via Storage section ofComputer Management

Used for the creation, deletion, and management of

disks, partitions, and volumes

Shares some property sheets with Windows Explorer,Device Manager


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Managing Disk Properties

(continued)


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Extending Volumes

Volume can be extended unless

Functioning as boot or system volume

Possible tools

Disk Management

DISKPART command-line utility


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Mounted Drives

Mounting a drive is an alternative to assigning it adrive letter

A mounted drive is represented as a folder with anormal path

To mount a drive: Must be on an NTFS volume

Must be an empty folder

Reasons: 26 drive letter limit

Path access is convenient

Backups


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RAID Levels

Redundant Array of Independent Disk strategies Set of standards for:

Lengthening disk life

Preventing data loss

Enabling uninterrupted access to data

Windows Server 2003 supports level 0, 1, and 5

RAID level 0 Striping with no other redundancy features

RAID level 1 Disk mirroring (duplicating data from main disk to

backup disk)


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RAID Levels (continued)

RAID level 2 Disk striping, error correction across all disks

RAID level 3

Disk striping, error correction on 1 disk RAID level 4

Disk striping, error correction across all disks, checksumon 1 disk

RAID level 5 Disk striping, error correction across all disks, checksum

across all disks


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RAID Levels (continued)

Supported on FAT and NTFS

Either RAID level 1 or 5 is usually recommended

Considerations: Placement of boot and system files

Number of disks required or supported

Cost (per megabyte of storage)

Amount of memory required

Read and write access speed


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Mirrored Volume (RAID 1)

Creates a copy of data on a backup disk

Requires 2 disks

Highly effective fault tolerance since a completecopy of data is available

Disk read performance is equal to non-mirrored

Disk write time is doubled Created through New Volume Wizard


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Mirrored Volume (continued)


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RAID-5 Volume

Requires a minimum of 3 disks

Provides good fault tolerance

Parity information distributed across all drives Performance slower than with a striped volume

(parity information must be computed and stored)


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RAID-5 Volume (continued)

Read access is equal to striped volume

Storage requirement for parity information is 1/n

with n the number of disks Created through New Volume Wizard


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RAID-5 Volume (continued)


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Software RAID and Hardware

RAID Software RAID uses existing hardware and

implements particular software strategies

Hardware RAID requires specialized hardware

(more expensive) but lessens the burden on the OS

Often implemented on the adapter for disk drives

Often includes a battery backup

Advantages include: faster read and write, mixedRAID levels, failed disk hot-swap, better setup

options


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Monitoring Disk Health and

Importing Foreign Disks

Disk Management provides status information on

disks and volumes

Number of different status descriptions

Windows Server 2003 provides the ability to

import disks from other servers if necessary(foreign disks)


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Importing Foreign Disks

Used when a server fails Disks from the server can be moved to another server

When first connected, the disk status will beforeign and it will not be accessible

Use the Import Foreign Disks option on the disk

If multiple disks are imported

Each disk is imported individually Default is that disk will use its original drive letter but an

available letter is chosen if there is a conflict


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70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a MicrosoftWindows Server 2003 Environment 33

Other Disk Maintenance and

Management Utilities

Introduces disk-related utilities other than Disk

Management Some provide extra features or functions

Some are similar but are accessible from the command

line


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CONVERT

CONVERT is a command-line utility

Converts existing FAT and FAT32 partitions or

volumes to NTFS

Leaves existing data intact


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Disk Cleanup

Allows an administrator to determine where diskspace is being used and could potentially be freed

Files that can be removed include:

Temporary internet files

Downloaded program files

Files in recycle bin

Windows temporary files

No longer used Windows components and programs Can also compress files

Command-line version is CLEANMGR


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Disk Defragmenter

Free disk space eventually become fragmented as

files are created and removed

Results in slower access and higher disk wear Defragmentation attempts to place files in

contiguous areas

Defragmentation should be done periodically


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DISKPART

Command-line utility for managing disks, volumes,

partitions

Uses include: Configuring active partition, assigning drive letters,

implementing fault tolerance schemes, etc.

Can manage disks from within scripts

Get the complete syntax and options with

DISKPART /?


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FORMAT

Used to implement a file system on an existing

partition

Also used on MS-DOS and Windows 9X Has a variety of advanced settings

Setting allocation unit (cluster) size

Command-line version can be run from scripts

Get the complete syntax and options with

FORMAT /?


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FSUTIL

Used with FAT, FAT32, and NTFS file systems Includes many advanced features, requires

experienced user

Information available includes: Listings of drives, volume information, NTFS-specific

data

Tasks include: Managing disk quotas, displaying free space

Get complete information in Help and SupportCenter


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MOUNTVOL

Used to create, delete, or list volume mount points

from command line

VolumeName parameter is difficult to use Complicates adding new mount point

Doesnt affect removing mount points

Get complete syntax and options with

MOUNTVOL /?


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Summary

Windows Server 2003 supports data storage types: Basic disk

Divided into 4 primary partitions or 3 primary and 1

extended partition with logical drives

Dynamic disk Can be divided into a number of volumes on 1 disk

A number of disks can be configured in 1 volume

Support simple, spanned, striped, mirrored, RAID-5

volumes

Primary tool for disk management:

Disk Management


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Summary (continued)

Fault tolerance implemented through RAID

strategies

Most highly recommended are:

RAID level 1 (mirrored volumes) RAID level 5 (striped, distributed parity info)

Hardware RAID very effective but more costly

A number of command-line tools and other utilitiesare available for disk management and cleanup


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Dont ask more questions ? All

student

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft

Windows Server 2003 Environment

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Redundant Arrays ofInexpensive Disks (RAID)"

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft

Windows Server 2003 Environment

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70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft 48

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