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VISUAL VOCABULARY BUILDER

INVICTUS

THE STORY OF MANDELA AND PIENAAR

apartheid confluence compulsory heritage invictus

ominous onerous proponent scrum thwart

AWESOME STORIES

http://www.awesomestories.com/flicks/invictushttp://www.awesomestories.com/http://www.awesomestories.com/http://www.awesomestories.com/flicks/invictus

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Apartheid* racial separation, enforced by law

Apartheid noun

Apartheid, as it was implemented in South Africa,

meant that only white people were allowed to use

a particular section of Durban Beach.

Apartheid adjective

Apartheid laws, requiring the separation of races,

were enforced in South Africa until that way of

life was no longer legal.

Apartheid adjective

Apartheid tendencies, at work in other parts of the world, are also under attack as inappropriate ways to govern.

*Apartheid See Chapter 4 (Mandela and Apartheid) NOTE: -era, at Durban Beach.

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Confluence* flowing together, especially bodies of

water

Confluence noun

of two rivers the Green and the Colorado.

Confluence noun

The confluence of the Green and Colorado Rivers,at the Grand Canyon, provides a good visual of two

separate bodies of water joining together.

Confluence noun

Sometimes it is possible to have a confluence of

events - - during which

* Confluence See Chapter 2 (Apartheid in South Africa) Note: Photo of the Greenand Colorado River confluence by Anders and Barbara Lock. Copyright, Anders/Barbara Lock, all rights reserved.Provided here as fair use for educational purposes.

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Compulsory* required by law; forcing someone to do something they

may otherwise not do

Compulsory adjective

Sometimes the law of a country requires a person

to undergo compulsory treatment, resulting in a

Compulsory adjective

-era, compulsory

segregation of races meant that people of color

were required to live in areas where whites did

not live.

*Compulsory See Chapter 4 (Mandela and Apartheid)

Note This cartoon was produced by the government of Scotland to help people understand compulsory treatmentprograms.

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Heritage* family lineage a line of

descendants

Heritage noun

The heritage of Henry VIII the famous British

king

Heritage noun

Members of a royal family can trace both their

heritage and their royal standing by looking at

a picture of their family tree.

* Heritage See Chapter 3 (Nelson Mandela)

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Invictus invincible* incapable of being

defeated

Invictus noun

Invictus a Latin word

Gandalf, ultimately unconquerable in The

Lord of the Rings, displays Invictus while

fighting against overwhelming odds.

Invincibly adverb

Despite a massive force, lined-up against him,

Gandalf invincibly overcomes his opposition.

Invincibility noun

Gandalf displays his invincibility as he leads the charge.

*Invictus See Chapter 1 (Story Preface - Invictus) Note: Photo of Gandalf, from TheLord of the Ringstrilogy, copyright Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc., all rights reserved. Provided here as fair use foreducational purposes.

http://www.lordoftherings.net/http://www.lordoftherings.net/http://www.lordoftherings.net/http://www.lordoftherings.net/http://www.lordoftherings.net/http://www.lordoftherings.net/

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Ominous* (1) displaying signs of harmfulness; (2) a

foreshadowing of something evil

Ominous adjective (first meaning)

Lightning, in the night sky, revealed the presence

of an ominous tornado.

Ominously adverb (first meaning) The swirling tornado moved ominously close

to a nearby village.

Ominous adjective (second meaning)

When racially motivated laws were passed, in

several different countries, the future seemed ominous for those whose rights were denied.

*Ominous See Chapter 1 (Story Preface Invictus)

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Onerous* difficult, or unpleasant, to do

Onerous adjective

All the students agreed: The lengthy multiple-choice

exam was the most onerous of the year.

Onerously adverb Even though they prepared long and hard for the

test, the students found it onerously complicated.

Onerousness noun

The onerousness of test-taking is visibly evident

among the students during this time of year.

*Onerous See Chapter 2 (Apartheid in South Africa)

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Proponent* a person who argues in favor of something; an

advocate

Proponent noun

This proponent of political reform argues that

Proponents noun, plural

*Proponent See Chapter 4 (Mandela and Apartheid) Note: Photo - taken October 8, 2011 - Flickr. Copyright, The Whistling Monkey, all

rights reserved. Provided here as fair use for educational purposes.

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Scrum* (1) a tight formation, in a rugby match, where opposing forwards use

their feet to possess the ball; (2) a tightly packed crowd of people

Scrum noun

When the rugby ball is dropped into the middle of

Scrummage intransitive verb

It takes great skill to scrummage successfully.

Scrummage noun

scrummage

Scrum noun (second meaning)

A scrum of people packed the mall during the sale.

*Scrum See Chapter 12 (The Game that Made a Nation)

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Thwart* successfully oppose

Thwarted verb

Michael Jordan thwarted Antawn

Thwarted adjective

Thwart verb

successful.

*Thwart See Chapter 5 (Mandela at Robben Island)Note Reuters photo of Michael Jordan (playing for the Wizards) and Antawn Jamison (for the Golden State Warriors) in

March of 2003 . Copyright, Reuters, all rights reserved. Provided here as fair use for educational purposes.