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Manganese, MnGroup 2

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Manganese 

twelfth most common element in the Earth'scrust

found in soil, water, plants, animals, and airparticles

does not occur naturally in a pure state, it is inthe form of oxides, carbonates and silicates

encountered in the environment as acompound with oxygen, sulfur, or chlorine

an essential nutrient, required in traceamounts for human health

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Manganese exposure to high concentrations of 

manganese can be detrimental to health

Inorganic manganese compounds are used inthe production of steel, batteries, ceramics,

and dietary supplements Organic manganese compounds are used in

some pesticides, fertilizers, and in a gasolineadditive

Manganese compounds can be present asdust particles in the air, and dissolved inground water or drinking water

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Biogeochemical ProcessDust and fumes of MnSpraying pesticides

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Biogeochemical Process

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Biogeochemical Process

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Biogeochemical Process

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EFFECTS

Low content of Mn in plants can causedisturbances in plant mechanisms.

Highly toxic concentrations of Mn in soils cancause swelling of cell walls, withering of leafs and brown spots on leaves.

Environment

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effects

Human

Primary targets of manganese toxicity are the brain andcentral nervous system

Manganese at average levels below 5 mg/m3 have

shown neurobehavioral, reproductive, and respiratoryeffects. Shortages of Mn cause:

Fatness Glucose intolerance Blood clotting Skin problems Lowered cholesterol levels Skeleton disorders Birth defects Changes of hair color

Neurological symptoms

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EFFECTS

exposure to high concentrations will cause

permanent damage, with symptoms of impaired neurological and neuromuscularcontrol, mental and emotional disturbances,muscle stiffness, lack of coordination,

tremors, difficulties with breathing orswallowing, and other neuromuscularproblems

Human

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Matrices 

Element widelydistributed in the

earth’s crust High concentrations

of manganese havebeen found in tea

leaves

Pesticides

Wheat: 10 mg/kg and

Rice: 100 mg/kg Tea leaves

Cereals, potatoes,meat, fish, and

poultry. Milk

Land Sources

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matrices

Naturally occurring in many surface andgroundwater sources and in soils that may

erode into these waters It can be found in groundwater as a result of:

naturally occurring manganese compounds inthe bedrock

its widespread use in the production of batteriesand steel

its widespread use in pesticides and fertilizers

Water

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Matrices

exists in well water as a naturally occurringgroundwater mineral, but may also bepresent due to underground pollutionsources.

noticeable in tap water at concentrationsgreater than 0.05 mg/l by imparting a color,

odor, or taste to the water.

Water

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MATRICES

Highest concentration of Mn is found from Mn

mines, ore-processing plants, dry-cell batteryplants and ferro-manganese plants

Size of Mn particles in the atmosphere variesfrom place to place depending on thedominant sources in an area

Air

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Remediation

"Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily DietaryIntake" (ESADDI) Infants to 6 months 0.3-0.6 mg/day

infants to 1 year 0.6-1 mg/day

1-3 years old 1-1.5 mg/day

4-10 years old 1-2 mg/day

10 years old and up 2-5 mg/day

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Remediation (cont.)

Releases of Manganese are regulated throughthe UK Pollution, Prevention and Control (PPC)regulations Regulating levels of Manganese include that

concerned with combating air pollution fromindustrial plants

Elevated manganese levels are occasionallyfound in drinking water and specifically inwell water. If tap water in homes with wellwater sources leaves black deposits or darkstains in sinks or other fixtures, familiesshould consider getting their water tested formanganese levels.