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Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

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Mangrove Mangrove Swamps Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Aquatic Biology and the Environment Environment 2001 2001
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Page 1: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Mangrove Mangrove SwampsSwamps

Aquatic Biology and the Aquatic Biology and the EnvironmentEnvironment

20012001

Page 2: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

ContentsContents

What is a Mangrove Swamp?

Physiology

Coping with Salt.

Ickle Baby Mangrove Trees.

Where are they found?

Inhabitants.

Threats to Mangrove Swamps

Why Bother to Save Mangrove Swamps?

Benefits of Mangrove Swamps.

Future.

Further Reading and Web-sites to Visit

Page 3: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

What is a Mangrove What is a Mangrove Swamp?Swamp?

A collection of specialist A collection of specialist shrubs and trees that shrubs and trees that grow along coastal areas grow along coastal areas and estuaries in tropical and estuaries in tropical and subtropical regions.and subtropical regions.

Page 4: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Mangrove PhysiologyMangrove Physiology

Over 50 species of Over 50 species of MangroveMangrove

Grow up to 40 ft (12 Grow up to 40 ft (12 m) high.m) high.

Up to 1,500 ft Up to 1,500 ft (457m) in (457m) in circumference.circumference.

Roots take in air Roots take in air through pores at through pores at low tide.low tide.

Page 5: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Coping with saltCoping with salt

Mangroves grow better in Mangroves grow better in freshwater but are out-competed freshwater but are out-competed by better adapted plants.by better adapted plants.

Salt is dealt with by:-Salt is dealt with by:- blocking its absorption at the roots; orblocking its absorption at the roots; or

Excreting it through the leaves; orExcreting it through the leaves; or

depositing in old leaves that will be depositing in old leaves that will be

shed soon.shed soon.

Page 6: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Ickle Baby MangrovesIckle Baby Mangroves Seeds start sprouting on Seeds start sprouting on

the tree.the tree. Green shoots allow the Green shoots allow the

seedling to seedling to photosynthesize and photosynthesize and survive at sea for several survive at sea for several months.months.

When the seedling floats When the seedling floats into brackish water the into brackish water the decreased buoyancy decreased buoyancy floats the seedling floats the seedling vertically and it sticks in vertically and it sticks in the soft sediment.the soft sediment.

Page 7: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Where are they found?Where are they found?(Mangrove Swamps marked in Red)(Mangrove Swamps marked in Red)

Page 8: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

InhabitantsInhabitants

Blue Crabs Ibis

Page 9: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

More InhabitantsMore Inhabitants

Fiddler CrabFiddler Crab Soldier Crabs Soldier Crabs

Page 10: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Yet More InhabitantsYet More Inhabitants

MudskippersMudskippers Commonly found in Commonly found in

Mangrove Swamps.Mangrove Swamps. Absorb oxygen Absorb oxygen

through their skin, through their skin, but particularly but particularly their tail.their tail.

Live in water-filled Live in water-filled burrows.burrows.

Page 11: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

ThreatsThreatsHuman:Human:

High Population DensityHigh Population Density

Encroaching DevelopmentEncroaching Development

Pollution from AgriculturePollution from Agriculture

Encroachment of AgricultureEncroachment of Agriculture

AquacultureAquaculture

Natural ThreatsNatural Threats

Wind and Waves from HurricanesWind and Waves from Hurricanes

Page 12: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Threats from HumansThreats from Humans

Approximately half of the world’s Approximately half of the world’s mangrove swamps have been mangrove swamps have been cleared, drained, diked, or filled.cleared, drained, diked, or filled.

High population density near the High population density near the coasts. At least half the people in coasts. At least half the people in the world are estimated to live the world are estimated to live within 100 kilometers of a coast.within 100 kilometers of a coast.

Page 13: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Threats from AgricultureThreats from Agriculture

Nitrogen pollution increases the Nitrogen pollution increases the production of phytoplankton, production of phytoplankton, clouding the water and preventing clouding the water and preventing other plants from growing.other plants from growing.

Replacement of Mangrove swamps Replacement of Mangrove swamps with agriculture.with agriculture.

Page 14: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Threats from AquacultureThreats from Aquaculture

Destruction of Destruction of SwampsSwamps

Introduction of Introduction of Exotic species and Exotic species and pathogenspathogens

Pollution from Pollution from Foodstuffs Foodstuffs (antibiotics, etc)(antibiotics, etc)

Feed for shrimps Feed for shrimps also reduces ocean also reduces ocean fish stocks.fish stocks.

Shrimp Farm in ThailandShrimp Farm in Thailand

Page 15: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Why Bother to Save Why Bother to Save Mangrove Swamps?Mangrove Swamps?

Mangrove swamps Mangrove swamps

provide a unique habitat provide a unique habitat

for:for: Birds, Brown Pelicans, Birds, Brown Pelicans,

Roseate Spoonbills, Ibis etc.Roseate Spoonbills, Ibis etc. Mammals, Mantee, Mammals, Mantee,

Monkeys, Guenons etc.Monkeys, Guenons etc. Crustacea, Blue Crab, Crustacea, Blue Crab,

Fiddler Crab, etc.Fiddler Crab, etc. Fish, Red Snapper, Archer Fish, Red Snapper, Archer

Fish, Puffer Fish, Sea Fish, Puffer Fish, Sea Catfish, etc.Catfish, etc.

Page 16: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Benefits of Mangrove Benefits of Mangrove SwampsSwamps

Provide a breeding Provide a breeding habitat habitat

Provide protection Provide protection for maturing youngfor maturing young

Trap and cycle Trap and cycle nutrients providing nutrients providing nutrients for the nutrients for the diverse organisms.diverse organisms.

Mudflat of a Mangrove Swamp

Page 17: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

More Benefits to Mangrove More Benefits to Mangrove SwampsSwamps

Roots of Mangrove trees filter and assimilate Roots of Mangrove trees filter and assimilate pollutantspollutants

Prop roots stabilize substrate.Prop roots stabilize substrate. Protect coast from erosion from wind and waves.Protect coast from erosion from wind and waves.

Page 18: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

The FutureThe Future

Replenishment Replenishment programs are programs are now being now being implemented.implemented.

Sustainable Sustainable aquaculture is aquaculture is being sought.being sought.

Pollution is being Pollution is being controlled.controlled.

Page 19: Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.

Further ReadingFurther Reading http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.govhttp://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov http://www.enn.com (Environmental News Network)http://www.enn.com (Environmental News Network) Comptons Reference Encyclopedia, 1996, The Learning Comptons Reference Encyclopedia, 1996, The Learning

CompanyCompany http://www.habitatmedia.orghttp://www.habitatmedia.org Naylor, Rosamond et al. Effect of Aquaculture on World Naylor, Rosamond et al. Effect of Aquaculture on World

Fish Supplies, Nature, 405, 1017-1024, June 2000Fish Supplies, Nature, 405, 1017-1024, June 2000 http://www.aquaria.se/emang.htmlhttp://www.aquaria.se/emang.html http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/armstrong/bigtree/http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/armstrong/bigtree/

mangroves/mangrove.htmmangroves/mangrove.htm http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/armstrong/bigtree/http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/armstrong/bigtree/

mangroves.htmmangroves.htm


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