• “TSUNAMI” is a Japanese word, which means “harbour wave”.• Tsunami is a series of large waves of extremely

high wavelength and period which travells in all directions away from point of impact.

• Tsunami is one of the most destructive natural disaster which cause loss of life and property on large extent.

• Also after the water retreated, there was the elevated risk of disease created by contaminated water.

• First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean,when the Minoan civilization was waped out.

• A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.

• North and South American records have dated such events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.

• Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.

• Hawaiian tsunami on 1 April 1946 destroyed the city of Hilo, killing 159 people. Other recent tsunami that have hit Hawaii are those of 1952,1957,1960,1964 and 1975 .

• Total 65 destructive tsunamis struck Japan between 684 A.D to 1960.

• On 16 August 1976, a large earthquake in the Moro Gulf in the Philippines generated a destructive local tsunami which killed over 8,000 persons.

• Last one was Christmas tsunami in 2004.

Volcanic eruptionsVolcanic eruptions IcefallsIcefalls Heavy rainfallHeavy rainfall Seismic activities Seismic activities Submarine landslidesSubmarine landslides Cosmic impactsCosmic impacts

• Volcanic eruptions and icefalls create disturbance in water and generate tsunami.

• Heavy rainfall cause overflow of water and generate tsunamis.

Seismic activity is most common Seismic activity is most common for tsunamis.Both tectonic and for tsunamis.Both tectonic and subduction earthquakes near subduction earthquakes near ocean create tsunamis.ocean create tsunamis.

In tectonic earthquake, sea In tectonic earthquake, sea water become deformed, forcing water become deformed, forcing displacement of water.displacement of water.

In subeducation In subeducation earthquake,tectonic plates slip earthquake,tectonic plates slip under each other,create massive under each other,create massive disturbance and cause disturbance and cause displacement of water. displacement of water.

Submarine landslides caused by Submarine landslides caused by earthquakes and implosion of earthquakes and implosion of underwater explosion.The falling underwater explosion.The falling sediment and rock in these sediment and rock in these landslides can also trigger massive landslides can also trigger massive water movement,results in tsunamis.water movement,results in tsunamis.

These are the least frequent cause of tsunamis.This is similar to throwing rock into a pond,except on a large scale.

When rock hit water it creates ripples of water moving away from point of impact,in case of cosmic impact,it craetes tsunamis.

CHRISTMAS TSUNAMI

The deadliest tsunamis in recorded history was the Christmas tsunamis of 2004 in the Indian Ocean.

On December 24, 2004, a massive 9.2 earthquake occurred which created a deadly series of tsunamis .

The death toll was estimated to be in the neighborhood of 3,00,000 to 3,50,000.

The Christmas tsunami was so powerful it actually sped up the rotation of the Earth reducing the length of its sidereal day.

The earthquake that spawned it also caused the Earth to vibrate all over by as much as 1 cm.

• Loss of life and property can be reduced by proper planning.

• Tsunami warnings can be made to aware peoples.

• Stay away from all low lying coastal areas.• Never go down to the shore to watch

tsunami.• Stay out of low lying danger areas until an

“all-clear” is isued by competent authority.

THANK YOU