1.3 Drawing layout and presentation
Dr. Benny RaphaelAssistant Professor, Department
of Building, NUS
Introduction
For effective communication drawings have to follow standard conventions and practices. Professional standards exist in layout and presentation.
Layout
Important to have drawings logically and neatly arranged to give a balanced layout
Parts of a drawing sheet Filing margin Title and information panel
Project title, name, drawing number, scale, date, etc.Minimum space to be used for title and information
panel => more space for drawing
Layout
Border
Title block
TitleNameDateScale
Title block
Title block: Another style
1DRAWING NO.DRAFT 1STATUS
AS SHOWNSCALERAPHAELDRAWN BYALEXANDRA HOSPITALPROJECT 9
3
3
LinesThin reference grid, dimension, hatchingMedium general detailsThick Margin lines, outline to emphasize certain
detailsBroken concealed edges
Section lines
Section lines
Lettering
To provide information on drawingGeneral notes may be collected in groupsSpecific particulars should be near the items
to which they relateShould not obscure any part of the drawing
Graphic symbols
Time can be saved and confusion avoided if standard range of symbols is used these are found in CP6:1978
Get familiar with the standard symbols for Electrical, gas and water installations Plumbing and sanitary drainage Fire fighting systems Doors and windows Landscaping Representation of materials Common symbols
Dimensions
Should not be confused with the figureTwo units used m written with three decimal points mm written without decimalsEg. 3.3000 - implied unit m330 - implied unit mm
Working drawings
Plan a view from above projected on a horizontal plane. Building plans are drawn for each floor at one meter above floor level cutting through walls, doors, windows
Elevations external faces of buildings including doors and windows
Sections taken vertically through a building cutting through foundations, walls, etc.
Projections
Projections provide a view of a 3D object on a 2D surface.
Orthographic Isometric Axonometric Perspective
Orthographic projection
In orthographic projection principal planes of projection are at right angles to each other.
Isometric projection
Length, breadth and height are shown in one drawing
Vertical lines remain unchanged. Horizontal lines are drawn at 300 to the horizontal
Axonometric projection
Similar to isometric. Horizontal lines are drawn 450 to the
horizontal
Perspective projectionSimilar to images obtained by a camera. Lines (projectors) are drawn from the eye
(position of camera) to the object. Where these lines meet the plane of projection, points are plotted.
Parallel lines do not remain parallel
Projections: Examples
Example 1
Example 2
Plan
Elevation Side View
Example 3
Summary
Conventions for drawing layout and presentation should be followed.
Orthographic, isometric and perspective projections are important in conveying information.