Manual de Consulta| Tipografia 2 | Geografia - Soboreo Cinthia Araceli

8/9/2019 Manual de Consulta| Tipografia 2 | Geografia - Soboreo Cinthia Araceli

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Ab o`gdbmo{` ìslca*mslabê a l|qab ag{sa ab A{lk` ka Mslab } q taom*g` ìslca" ag yls{moqbls b` ylba{mg`' _q kadmgmomÿg" em{`sml } y`*mcba `bqom`ga `g jl{asml ka yasjlgag{a kacl{a" } b` ys`cbajl|qa mgobq}a tlsêlg o`g ab {majy`' Lb kêl ka e`}" bl ysmgomylba oqa*{m`ga `g bl `caslgêl ka bl Dslgfl ka Nlvl } Omf`sklgml" bl atag*{qlb d`sjlomÿg ka qg A{lk` ylba{mg` ag kmoel ìsal" ab a{l{q kabl yls{a `smag{lb ka Fasqlbíg" ka b` Lb{` kab N`bìg } ka bl Nslg*

fl ka _eacll" ab ka{mg` ka b` lag{ljmag{` mslabêa } ka b` sadq*nmlk` ylba{mg`" ab sao`gòmjmag{` ka Mslab } Ylba{mgl } ka q ka*saoe` l aum{ms } tmtms ag ylv lb lcsmn` ka ljaglvl } lo{` ka dqasvl"lê o`j` bl sablomÿg ka Mslab o`g _msml } ab Bêclg`'

B` {assm{`sm` ylba{mg`

[assm{ s̀m` Ylba{mg` a qgl ka bl gqjas ̀l kag`jmglom`ga |qasaomcag omas{l y`som`ga kab Jlgkl{` Csm{ìgmo` ka Ylba{mgl" o`gd`s*jlkl y`s Omf`sklgml } bl Dslgfl ka Nlvl" o`g|qm{lkl } òqylkljmbm{lsjag{a y`s Anmy{` } F`sklgml ag <=;5 }" kaka <=4> %kqslg{a blNqassl ka b` _am Kêl-" y`s Mslab'

A{l kag`jmglomÿg a qaba sadasms ag bl lo{qlbmklk l b` {assm{`sm`n`casglk` y`s bl Lq{`smklk Glom`glb Ylba{mgl %LGY-" lqg|qayqaka {ljcmíg mgobqms {`k` ab {assm{`sm` ka bl Dslgfl ka Nlvl } Omf`s*

klgml' Bl kag`jmglomÿg g` mgobq}a b` Lb{` kab N`bìg gm bl Yagêgq*bl kab _mglê" o`g|qm{lk` y`s Mslab ag <=4> %ab _mglê asêl katqab{` lAnmy{` ag <=>=-'

[ljcmíg yqaka sadasmsa l a` jmj` {assm{ s̀m` |qa ag qg dq{qs̀yqakag o`g{m{qmsa o`j` qg A{lk` ìslca ylba{mg`' Ag aa ag{mk`"bl LGY samtmgkmol Fasqlbíg @smag{lb o`j` q olym{lb lqg|qa" lb asauobqmkl ka b` loqask` ka @b`" bbatÿ l bl LGY l m{qls b` jmgm{a*sm` } ÿsnlg` ka n`cmasg` ag{sa bl Omqklk ka Nlvl } bl ya|qaül omq*klk ka Sljlbl" ysÿumjl l Fasqlbíg'El} lbnqgl `snlgmvlom`ga } yls{mk` y`bê{mo` ylba{mg` |qa yslo*

{molg ` elg yslo{molk` bl bqoel lsjlkl ` ab {ass`smj` o`g{sl Mslab }q omqklklg` %{lg{` kag{s` o`j` dqasl ka Mslab } ka b` {assm{`sm`ylba{mg`-" o`j` jakm` ylsl o`ganqms q `cfa{mt`" b` oqlba elg tlsmlk` l b` blsn` kab {majy`'

Qgmklk <


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Clssasl mslabê ka Omf`sklgml

A qgl clssasl o`g{sqmkl y`s ab N`*cmasg` ka Mslab o`g dmglbmklk kadagm* tl ag qg 59! ag {assm{`sm̀ omf`sklg`"} ag ab 39! sa{lg{a kmoqssa l b` bls*n` ka bl lg{mnql Bêgal Taska' O`gm{a

ag qgl tlbbl lbljcslkl l b` blsn` kab55! ka q {slvlk`" } ag qg <3! kab{`{lb lk`y{l bl d`sjl ka qg jqs` kae`sjmnÿg ka el{l ma{a ja{s` kalb{qsl" osalk` o`g jÿkqb` mgkmtmkql*ba kmyqa{` qg` lb blk` kab `{s` amg{asolblk` olkl omas{` mg{astlb` o`g{`ssa{l ylsl ab o`g{s`b jmbm{ls'Bl yls{a ka e`sjmnÿg dqas`g asmnm*kl ylsl mjyakms l{l|qa kaka bàkmdmom` kab blk` ylba{mg` o`g{sl b` taeêoqb` jmbm{lsa |qa omsoqblg ag abblk` mslabê' [̀ k` ab m{ajl bbatl lylsaflk` qglv`gl ‒a{ísmb‚ ka qg` 19 ja{s` kalgoe` |qa kmoqssa l {`k` b` blsn` kab{slvlk` ka bl clssasl'

[ass`smj`6 q` m{ajì{mo` kab {ass`s"jakmlg{a lo{` ka tm`bagoml ` saysamÿg"

y`s nsqy` ` sanêjaga y`bê{mo`'


Mjlnag ka bl clssasl mslabê ka Omf`sklgml'

[assm{`sm`6 y`somÿg ka bl qyasdmoma

{assa{sa yas{agaomag{a l qgl glomÿg"

sanmÿg ` ys`tmgoml'



[ab Ltmt

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Nlvl

M _ S L A B

F @ S K L G M L

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kab

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Daoel ka ̀ oqylomÿg6 <=4>Kmomajcsa <=5<6 Mslab mjy`ga qbanmblomÿg" fqsmkmoomÿg } lkjmgm*{slomÿg'

Lag{ljmag{` fqkê`6

31O`b`g` fqkê`6 <4'999Y`cblomÿg msml6

<4'999

Daoel ka òqylomÿg6 <=4>_m{qlomÿg6 b` ylba{mg` kajlgklg{assm{`sm` ylsl q dq{qs` A{lk`'Jl}` <==;6

Mslab oaka Fasmoÿ l Ylba{mgl }" l b`blsn` ka <==1" `{sl omqklka' Abysòa` oqbjmgl o`g bl ag{sanl ka

yls{a ka Eacsÿg ag <==>' Lag{ljmag{` fqkê`6

<;9O`b`g` fqkê`6

<49'999Y`cblomÿg ylba{mgl6

<'54>'999

Omf`sklgml

Nlvl

Daoel ka òqylomÿg6 <=4>_m{qlomÿg6 b` ylba{mg`

kajlgklg {assm{`sm` ylsl qdq{qs` A{lk`'<==;6 Mslab oaka Nlvl lb o`g{s`bylba{mg`" yas` jlg{maga abo`g{s`b ka lag{ljmag{`

fqkê` } ka olssa{asl oblta' Lag{ljmag{` fqkê`6

<=O`b`g` fqkê`6

1'999Y`cblomÿg ylba{mgl6

<'939'999

Ab nlcmga{a ka anqsmklk mg{asgl ka Mslab lol{ÿ ab ysmjas` ka lcsmb

ka <==5 qgl sa`bqomÿg ka bl QG ka eloa tamg{a lü` |qakajlgklcl bl sa{mslkl ka {s`yl mslabêa kab qs kab Bêclg`'

_m{qlomÿg6 ab n`cmasg`bmclgí kajlgkl blsa{mslkl mgo`gkmom`glb ka Mslab'Jlsv` <=>56 dqasvlmslabêa òqylg nslg yls{a kab{assm{`sm` lb qs kab sê` Bm{lgm'Fqgm` <=>56 sa{mslkl ka {s`yl'<=536 Mslab mgtlka el{l Camsq{'<=516 Mslab sa{msl ab nsqa` ka q

dqasvl" yas` jlg{maga òqylkl qgldslgfl ka <1 hj ka lgoe`'_`bklk` mslabêa6

<'999Jmbmoml qkbmclgal

lbmlkl ka Mslab6

?'999Y`cblomÿg bmclgal6

59* <99'999



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JASO@_QS6 JASOLK@ O@JÖG KAB _QS

Ab Jasolk` O`jög kab _qs ` Jaso`qs a qg cb`|qa o`jasomlb oq}`ys`yÿm{` `g ys`j`tas ab bmcsa mg{asoljcm` } j`tmjmag{` ka cma*ga" yas`gl } olym{lb ag{sa b` ylêa |qa b` mg{anslg" } ltlgvls lqgl jl}`s mg{anslomÿg y`bê{mol ag{sa q ylêa jmajcs` lòmlk`'

_q a{lk` jmajcs` `g Lsnag{mgl" Cslmb" Ylslnql} } Qsqnql}' Tagavqabl" |qa dmsjÿ q lkeamÿg ab <> ka fqgm` ka 3994" lög g` ajmajcs` ka ybag` kasaoe`" l bl ayasl ka |qa b` aglk` cslmbaü` }ylslnql}` lysqacag kmoel `bmom{qk' C`bmtml" Oemba" O`b`jcml" Aoql*

k`s } Yasq {magag a{l{q ka a{lk` lòmlk`'

B` ylêa jmajcs` o`gmkaslg |qa q daoel ka osalomÿg dqa ab ?9ka g`tmajcsa ka <=51" daoel ka bl Kaoblslomÿg ka D`v ka Mnqlvö |qayq` ag jlsoel ab ysòa`' _mg ajclsn`" ab g`jcsa ba dqa lmnglkàb 34 ka jlsv` ka <==< y`s ab [sl{lk` ka Lqgomÿg" ag {lg{` |qaq aum{agoml o`j` yas`gl fqsêkmol ka Kasaoe` Mg{asglom`glb dqa ka*omkmkl ag ab Ys`{ò`b` ka @qs` Ysa{`" dmsjlk` ab <4 ka kmomajcsa ka<==;" yas` |qa saomíg ag{sÿ ag tmnagoml ab <1 ka kmomajcsa ka <==1'Ab Ys`{ò`b` ka @qs` Ysa{` a{lcbaomÿ qg lslgoab au{asg` o`jög }kaka <=== aum{a qgl v`gl bmcsa ka lslgoaba ag{sa q mg{anslg{ao`g bl `bl auoayomÿg kab lvöols } ab ao{`s lq{`j`{smv'Bl Qgmÿg Lkqlgasl a agoqag{sl lög ag ysòa` ka o`g{sqoomÿg' AbJaso`qs a ab jl}`s ys`kqo{`s ka lbmjag{` kab jqgk`'

Kaoblslom`ga ysamkagomlba

B` ylêa jmajcs` elg saoqssmk`l bl kaoblslom`ga ysamkagomlba"o`j` ag ab ol` ka bl Kaoblslomÿg`csa O`jys`jm` Kajòsì{mo` ka<==4" ` bl Kaoblslomÿg _òm`blc`slbka <==5' Bl kaoblslom`ga `g lo{`dmsjlk` y`s {`k` b` ysamkag{a|qa g` gaoam{lg gmgnög {my` kasl{mdmolomÿg ylsbljag{lsml gm lo{` kamg{asglbmvlomÿg' _a kmoq{a ag{sa b`

fqsm{l bl tlbmkav ka a{l g`sjl"o`g tlsmaklk ka yqg{`'B` kajì ̀ snlgmj` kab Jaso`qsys`kqoag sao`jagklom`ga l lbnqg`ka b` {sa ÿsnlg` kaom`sm`" } `bà {slgd`sjlg ag g`sjl `cbmnl{`*sml" m `g lys`clk` } lk`y{lg bld`sjl ka lbnqgl ka bl lb{asgl{mtl{sl{lkl ag ab yqg{` lg{asm`s'Qg ol` ayaomlb b` o`g{m{q}ag blsao`jagklom`ga ka bl O`jmmÿg_òm`blc`slb' Kaka ab yqg{` ka tm{ljasljag{a d`sjlb g` {maga kmdasagomllbnqgl o`g bl sao`jagklom`gasalbmkl y`s ̀ {s` ̀ snlgmj` kabJaso`qs'

Ylêa jmajcs`

Ylêa ̀ castlk`sa

Ylêa lòmlk`

Ylêa mg{anslg{a6

Ylslnql}

Qsqnql}

Lsnag{mgl

Cslmb

qysamÿg ka clssasl lslgoablsmlbmcsa omsoqblomÿg ka {slclflk`sao`jya{ms ag ab jasolk` mg{asglom`glb

@cfa{mt`6

Ylêa lòmlk`6

C`bmtml

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Ab ?9 ka g`tmajcsa ka <=51 b` ysamkag{a ka Lsnag{mgl } Cslmbqosmcag bl Kaoblslomÿg ka D`v ka Mnqlvö" ymaksl cllb kab Jaso`*qs' Ag 399;" Lsnag{mgl } Cslmb sa`btmas`g o`gfqg{ljag{a |qa ab ?9ka g`tmajcsa a oabacslsl ab Kêl ka bl Ljm{lk lsnag{mg`*cslmbaül'

Ab 3= ka fqbm` ka <=54 a dmsjl ab Lo{l ylsl bl Mg{anslomÿg Lsnag{mgl*Cslmbaül' Jakmlg{a a{a mg{sqjag{` a a{lcbaomÿ ab Ys`nsljl kaMg{anslomÿg } O``yaslomÿg ag{sa Lsnag{mgl } Cslmb %YMOLC- dqgkl*k` ag b` ysmgomym` ka nslkqlbmklk" dbaumcmbmklk" mja{sêl" a|qmbmcsm`"{sl{ljmag{` ysadasagomlb dsag{a l {asoas` jasolk`" lsj`gmvlomÿgys`nsamtl ka y`bê{mol } yls{momylomÿg kab ao{`s ajysalsm`' Ab gö*oba` kab YMOLC dqas`g b` ys`{ò`b` ao{`smlba ag ao{`sa oblta'

Ab Jaso`qs dqgom`gl o`g qgl a{sqo{qsl fqsêkmol ag bl |qa a o`jcm*glg b` obìmo` {sl{lk`" ys`{ò`b` } kaoblslom`ga kab Kasaoe` Mg*{asglom`glb" o`g g`sjl ys`yml `cbmnl{`sml kmo{lkl y`s b` ÿsnlg`

kaom`sm` kab cb`|qa %kasaoe` o`jqgm{lsm`-" sao`jagklom`ga g``cbmnl{`sml kmo{lkl y`s b` ÿsnlg` lqumbmlsa" a mgobq` loqask` kao`goas{lomÿg òmlb sanm`glb'

Ab Jaso`qs yàa {sa `snlgmj` kaom`sm`6ab O`gaf` kab Jasolk` O`jög %OJO-" q ÿsnlg` qysaj`" |qakmo{l Kaomm`ga8ab Nsqy` Jasolk` O`jög %NJO- |qa kmo{l Sa`bqom`ga8bl O`jmmÿg ka O`jasom` kab Jaso`qs %OOJ-" kmo{l Kmsao{mtl'A{` {sa {my` ka g`sjl o`jqgm{lsml kmo{lkl y`s b` `snlgmj`kaom`sm` kab Jaso`qs" `g ka lybmolomÿg `cbmnl{`sml ylsl b` ylêa

jmajcs` %Ys`{ò`b` ka @qs` Ysa{`" ls{êoqb` ;3-'Y`s abb`" ag {`k` b` ol` a ysaoml ka qg lo{` fqsêkmo` ka b` ylê*a jmajcs`'

Saqgmÿg ka fada ka A{lk` kab Jaso`qs"ag fqgm` ka 3991'

YsamkagomlYs` [ajy`sa

Ysamkag{a kabl OSYJ

_qyasoma[`{lb

Y`cblomÿg[`{lb %3994-

YMC l YYL [`{lb %3994-

D`sjlomÿg[sl{lk` ka

Lqgomÿg

Yas oìym{l%3994-

[lclsí Tìv|qav* Qsqnql}

Olsb` Ìbtlsav*Qsqnql}

<?'999'999 hj³

3?3"= jmbb`ga

Q+_ 3'1;5'>3? jmb'

Q+_ ='455

34 ka jlsv` ka <==<

[sl{lk`6 auy`momÿg mg{anslb" `cfa{mtl }

`skaglkl ka o`gòmjmag{` `csa qgl

oqa{mÿg ` {ajl ag o`gosa{`'

O`goas{lomÿg6 o`goas{ls' O`jy`gas"`skagls" ylo{ls qg ganòm`" o`go`skls"

o`gtagms qgl o`l o`g `{sl'





KA_LDÊ@_ NA@NSÌDMO@_ KA BL Y@CBLOMßG

Qgmklk 36

Ag í{l qgmklk ka a{qkm` tasaj` b` kaldê` na`*

nsìo` ka bl y`cblomÿg jqgkmlb" elcblsaj` ka b`

sadqnmlk` } kaylblvljmag{` mg{asg`" lê o`j`

{ljcmíg ka b` m{ajl lnsêo`bl l b` |qa b` y`*

csa } b` smo` a{ìg sablom`glk` ylsl qcm{ms'



Sadqnmlk`

Kayblvljmag{` mg{asg`

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SADQNMLK@_ ] KA_YBLVLJMAG[@_ MG[ASG@_

Kaka <=59 b` sadqnmlk` ylls`g l òqyls qg bqnls ys`jmgag*{a ag b` j`tmjmag{` jmnsl{`sm` mg{asglom`glba" yls{moqblsjag*

{a ag Ìdsmol" Lml Jasmkm`glb } Ljísmol Oag{slb' Bl nqassl kab N`bd`"bl nqassl ag Sqjlgml } bl kamg{anslomÿg ka ]qn`bltml kmas`g bqnls lgqat` `bmom{lg{a ka lmb`'

Ag <==< emomas`g q yakmk` ka lkjmmÿg ag ylêa ka Aqs`yl @oom*kag{lb } ka Ljísmol kab G`s{a qg {`{lb ka 449'999 yas`gl" bl jl*}`sêl ag Lbajlgml } ag b` A{lk` Qgmk`' _anög ab Lb{` O`jmm`*glk` ka bl Glom`ga Qgmkl ylsl b` Sadqnmlk` %LOGQS-" elcêlag <==? qg` ;; jmbb`ga ka yas`gl" ` al qg` ka olkl <?9 jmbb`*ga ka elcm{lg{a kab jqgk`" ag o`gkmomÿg ka sadqnmlk` ` kayblvl*k` mg{asg` `cbmnlk` l lclgk`gls q e`nlsa y`s o`gdbmo{`'

Ab jqgk` agdsag{l qgl osaomag{a a mjyblolcba osmm ka sadqnmlk` agjakm` ka qg aymslb ka nqassl omtmba |qa elg anqmk` lb o`bly` kabo`jqgmj`' Lml } Ìdsmol `g b` o`g{mgag{a |qa ylkaoag b` jl*}`sa ys`cbajl' Ag{sa b` ylêa kalss`bblk`" Lbajlgml a{ì lk`y*{lgk`" ba}a jì a{smo{l `csa lmb` ag jakm` ka qgl `bl ka l{l|qao`g{sl au{slgfas`8 mg ajclsn`" a ab ylê |qa lbcasnl olm qg jmbbÿgka sadqnmlk`'

Ab ys`cbajl kab sadqnmlk` a {ljcmíg ab ka q mkag{mdmolomÿg' Ka ea*oe`" el} k` o`goay{` ka ys`{aoomÿg |qa a `y`gag ag dqgomÿg kak` kadmgmom`ga kmtasnag{a' Ab LOGQS" osalk` ag <=1<" qdsa bl yl*

slk`fl fqsêkmol ka q ys`yml loomÿg6 ylsl ys`{anas el} |qa kadmgms" }ylsl kadmgms el} |qa auobqms'

< Lsnabml

lsnabml o`goakmÿ lmb` l ?9'999 yas`gl" bl

jl}`sêl ylba{mg` } {qlsan ka Jlbê } Gênas'

3 Jíumo`

E`} ?3'999 nql{ajlb{ao`" bl y`cblomÿg ka

sadqnmlk` jì au{agl ag Ljísmol bl{mgl'

Aum{ag {ljcmíg ag{sa 19'999 } <99'999

mgkòqjag{lk`'

? O`{l Jlsb } Nqmgal

Y`s bl nqassl omtmb" bmcasmlg` eq}as`g ka q ylê }

a kmsmnmas`g eloml í{` k` ylêa'

; Sayöcbmol Kajòsì{mol kab O`gn`

Lbcasnl lgn`baü`" cqsqgkaa" qnlgkaa }qklgaa'

1 Ylba{mg`

_a agoqag{slg ag {`kl yls{a kab jqgk`"ayaomlbjag{a ag F`sklgml" Bêclg`' Omf`sklgml} Nlvl'

4 Msìg } Ylhm{ìg

Lbcasnlg l bl y c̀blomÿg ka sadqnmlk` jìau{agl kab jqgk`6 b` ldnlg`'

> Gaylb

El} qg` =9'999 ceq{lgaa } 39'999{mca{lg`'




Qgmklk 3A_YLOM@_ ] _@OMAKLKA_ KAB JQGK@6 Y@BÊ[MOL ] AO@G@JÊL

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Ljísmolbl{mgl<3"39!

Au Aqs`yl`smag{lb39"?9!

Ìdsmol?="?9!

Lml35"39!

Y`csavl6 cla ka bl auobqmÿg òmlb

Ab o`goay{` ka y`csavl {maga k` sln` aagomlba6 q lkosmyomÿg lsanm`ga g` kalss`bblkl } q ysaagoml kag{s` ka bl jmjl òma*klka kalss`bblkl' B` y`csa `g l|qabb` |qa |qaklg lb jlsnagkab ysòa` ka bl j`kasgmvlomÿg" o`g abm{a olkl tav jì mg{anslklag ab o`g{au{` mg{asglom`glb } qgl jll òmlb olkl tav jì kayag*kmag{a ka bl {q{abl kab A{lk`'

Ab j`kab` olym{lbm{l ga`bmcaslb" o`g q y`bê{mol ka lfq{a a{sqo{q*slb" {magka l lnsltls bl m{qlomÿg' _a lktmas{a qg osaomjmag{` loabaslk`ka bl y`csavl" ag yls{moqbls kacmk` l bl jmnslomÿg kaka ab oljy` el*oml bl omqklka" jmba ka yas`gl eq}ag ka bl y`csavl sqslb ylsl ag*o`g{sls `{sl y`csavl kmdasag{a'

Bl y`csavl qsclgl el mk` ag lqjag{` jì loabaslkljag{a |qa bl y`*csavl sqslb' _anög qgl a{mjlomÿg l aolbl jqgkmlb" qg 35! ka bly`cblom`ga qsclgl kab jqgk` ag kalss`bb` tmta y`s kaclf` kab bê*jm{a `dmomlb ka y`csavl' Oqlgk` {asjmga ab mnb`" elcsì k` jmb jm*bb`ga ka y`csa'

Ab oqb{mt` ka qgl ka{asjmglkl ayaoma kqslg{a lü` ag qg jmj` bq*nls {asjmgl y`s ln`{ls b` jmgaslba ka b` |qa a lbmjag{l bl yblg*{l' Ylsl atm{ls a{` a kafl kaolgls bl {massl" mg oqb{mtls" kqslg{a lbjag` qg lü`' L a{l {íogmol a ba bbljl clscaoe`' G` `c{lg{a" el} tlsm` {my` ka clscaoe`6 ab o`s{ "̀ ag bl {massl `csa bl |qa a tqab* ta l oqb{mtls ag qg` ̀ k` lü`" lg{a ka |qa a saoqyasa ab c̀ |qa8} ab blsn` ag ab |qa a yasjm{a bl saoqyaslomÿg {`{lb kab c`|qa'

Yas` qgl o`l a ab {ljlü` ka bl ys`ymaklk } `{sl ab ka bl auyb`{l*om`ga' Qgl auyb`{lomÿg a bl qgmklk {íogmo`*ao`gÿjmol ka bl |qa a`c{maga b` ys`kqo{` lnslsm`' A{l auyb`{lom`ga" anög bl {íogm*ol ka lys`taoeljmag{`" yqakag as qg bl{mdqgkm`" m `g nslgka `qg jmgmdqgkm`" m `g ya|qaül' G` {maga y`s|qí o`mgomkms nslg ys`*ymaklk o`g bl{mdqgkm`" gm ya|qaül ys`ymaklk o`g jmgmdqgkm`6 bl nslgys`ymaklk yqaka a{ls kmtmkmkl el{l ab jmgmdqgkm` } bl ya|qaül o`g*oag{slkl" y`s lssagkljmag{`" el{l ab bl{mdqgkm`' G` `c{lg{a lj*c` au{saj` qabag |qakls `c`ba{` } {magkag l g` as dqgom`glba'

Lkajì" {magag kmdasag{a o`gaoqagoml ao`gÿjmol } òmlba' B`kaa|qmbmcsm` elg ys`ymomlk`" ag {`k` b` ylêa" sad`sjl lnslsml"cmag {íogmol cmag y`bê{mol'

Ag lqagoml ka jlg` ka `csl au{asgl" ab ìsal ka bl {massl |qa ab lnsm*oqb{`s yqaka oqb{mtls ag olkl a{lomÿg a{l bmjm{lkl l dlo{`sa o`j`kmy`gmcmbmklk ka eassljmag{l } bl olbmklk kab qab`' _m a{l {massl g`ys`kqoa qg auoakag{a l olql ka das{mbmklk kab qab`" o`gkmom`ga obm*jì{mol" eassljmag{l } {íogmol" ` kmy`gmcmbmklk ka {my` ka oqb{mt`"ab lnsmoqb{`s g` yqaka eloas `{sl o`l |qa qcm{ms o`g abb`'B` a*dqasv` ajybalk` ag ys`kqoms auoakag{a nagaslg jq} yò` caga*dmom`" lê" ab adqasv` lkmom`glb a{ì nagaslbjag{a kayaskmomlk`' Ka*nslomlkljag{a clf` o`gkmom`ga lgqlba ka yòl oàoel" l jagqk`saqb{l aolav ka lbmjag{` } eljcsqgl'G` {`k` b` lnsmoqb{`sa{magag looa` l {lg{l {massl o`j` yqkmaslg oqb{mtls'

Ab eljcsa g` sao`gòa ds`g{asl

Qg` ka b` sln` kab jqgk` ag ka*lss`bb` a bl mgqdmomagoml lbmjag{lsml"` al" ab ys`cbajl kab eljcsa } ka blkagq{smomÿg' Y`s jmgq{` jqasag kaeljcsa ag ab jqgk` 31 gmü`" } lbolc` ka qg lü`" qg` <? jmbb`ga'

Y`s q yls{a" bl kagq{smomÿg ldao{l aga{` lü` l =99 jmbb`ga ka yas`*gl' Bl DL@ o`gmkasl |qa ab jêgmj`gaoalsm` ylsl |qa qgl yas`gl tmtlkmngljag{a a ka 3'399 olb`sêl y`skêl' Yqa cmag" qg >9! ka bl y`cbl*omÿg ka a{` ylêa lbolgvl kmoelomdsl' Bl o`gaoqagoml a qg kídmom{ys`{aêgmo` yasjlgag{a |qa abatl o`g*mkaslcbajag{a bl j`scmbmklk ka a{ly`cblom`ga' _anög kòqjag{` ys`*kqomk` y`s bl DL@" ab 39! ka bl y`*cblomÿg kab yblga{l a{ì dljíbmol } b`bqnlsa jì osê{mo` ka bl na`nsldêl kabeljcsa `g bl Mgkml } ab Ìdsmol Gansl'

Ajcls|qa Jmbb`ga ka {`gablkl

L}qkl lbmjag{lsml l b` y`csaBl DL@ tl{momgl |qa b` agtê` ka lbmjag{` kmjmgqmsìg



Qgmklk 3



49

BL LSNAG[MGL ] _Q Y@CBLOMßG

Bl y`cblomÿg ka bl Lsnag{mgl oaglkl ag g`tmajcsa ka 399< loagkêll ?4'349'<?9 elcm{lg{a %ab 9"1=! ka bl y`cblomÿg jqgkmlb-' Lqg*|qa bl y`{asm`s o`ssaoomÿg ka y`cblomÿg y`s o`cas{qsl } o`gombmlomÿgoaglb |qa salbmvÿ ab MGKAO bbatÿ l bl y`cblomÿg l ?>'353'=>9 elcm*{lg{a ag ab jmj` yasê`k`' Bl a{mjlomÿg lb ?9 ka fqgm` ka 3994 aka ?5'=>9'4<< elcm{lg{a" o`g qgl kagmklk jakml ka <; elc/hj³%mg o`gmkasls bl qyasdmoma saobljlkl ka bl Lg{ìs{mkl Lsnag{mgl a M*bl kab L{bìg{mo` _qs-'

Ab sm{j` ka osaomjmag{` y`cblom`glb tmaga kaoagkmagk` o`g ab o`ssaska bl kíolkl' Lê ag ab yasê`k` <=5<*<==<" bl {ll ka osaomjmag{`jakm` lgqlb dqa ka <;">‹ } ag ab kaoagm` <==<*399<'

Ab ylê sanm{sÿ ag b` o`jmagv` kab mnb` UU lb{l {ll ka osaom*jmag{` y`cblom`glb" kacmk` l b` ysòa` ka mgjmnslomÿg qjlk`l qg lb{` osaomjmag{` tana{l{mt` |qa kqslg{a a{a mnb` a tm` a{l*cmbmvlk` } ag o`g{mgq` kaoag` %l auoayomÿg kab |qmg|qagm` <=>9*<=>1-' Kaka bl kíolkl kab 49» lysùmjlkljag{a" ab osaomjmag{` {`*{lb a ab saqb{lk` ka bl kmdasagoml ag{sa bl {ll csq{l ka gl{lbmklk } bl{ll csq{l ka j`s{lbmklk'

Km{smcqomÿg y`cblom`glb

Bl Lsnag{mgl"o`g q kòa jmbb`ga ka elcm{lg{a" bl lnb`jaslomÿgqsclgl kab Nslg Cqag` Lmsa a ab ysmgomylb oag{s` qsclg` kab ylê}l |qa o`goag{sl qg {asom` ka bl y`cblomÿg glom`glb } ab ;9! kab YCMlsnag{mg`' Ag anqgk` bqnls a agoqag{sl ab Nslg Oÿsk`cl o`g <"?jmbb`ga ka elcm{lg{a' @{s` nslg oag{s` qsclg` a ab Nslg S`lsm`"|qa o`g <"< jmbb`ga {maga ab jl}`s y`soag{lfa kab YCM kayqí kaCqag` Lmsa'Bl lnb`jaslom`ga jì mjy`s{lg{a kab ylê" ka loqask` l b` kl{`ka 399< `g6Nslg Cqag` Lmsa %<3'9;4'>== elc'-' Bl omqklk ka Cqag` Lmsa aab oag{s` y`bê{mo`" ao`gÿjmo` } oqb{qslb kab ylê' Y`s q yqas{` a sal*bmvl nslg yls{a kab mg{asoljcm` o`jasomlb ka bl Lsnag{mgl o`g ab sa*{` kab jqgk`8Nslg Oÿsk`cl %<'?45'?9< elc'-' Bl omqklk ka Oÿsk`cl a bbljlkl blKò{l" y`s q ysa{mnm`l } lg{mnql qgmtasmklk' Mjy`s{lg{a oag{s`mgkq{smlb } o`jasomlb8Nslg S`lsm` %<'<4<'<55 elc'-" oag{s` ka qgl nslg sanmÿg ys`kqo{mtll `smbbl kab sê` Ylslgì' Bl omqklk ka S`lsm` {maga ab ysmgomylb yqas{`lnsàuy`s{lk`s kab jqgk`8 a qg y`b` o`jasomlb" dmglgomas`" mgkq*{smlb } oqb{qslb8Nslg Jagk`vl %5;5'449 elc'-" ag ab à{a kab ylê" göoba` ka qglnslg sanmÿg tm{mtmgêo`bl8Nslg _lg Jmnqab ka [qoqjìg %>?5';>= elc'-" ysmgomylb qsca kab

g`s{a lsnag{mg` } omqklk k`gka a kaoblsÿ bl Mgkayagkagoml %<5<4-'a qg ylê m{qlk` ag ab au{saj` qs ka Ljísmol `snlgmvlk` o`j`qgl sayöcbmol saysaag{l{mtl } dakaslb'

Bl y`cblomÿg o`g lg{ayllk` mgkênagl" ̀ aylü`ba} ldsmolg` bbanlk` ag {majy` ka bl o`b`gml" a

ys`y`som`glbjag{a jl}`s l bl jakml glom`glb'

O`gd`sjlkl y`s bl ys`tmgoml ka6 Ol{ljlsol"

O`ssmag{a" Oelo`" D`sj`l" Fqfq}" Jmm`ga"

[qoqjìg" _lb{l } _lg{mln` kab A{as`'

O`gd`sjlkl y`s bl ys`tmgoml ka6 Oÿsk`cl"

Ag{sa Sê` } _lg{l Da'

Bl loagkagoml a o`jy`ga ysmgomylbjag{a ka mgjm*nslg{a aqs`ya`" ayaomlbjag{a m{lbmlg`" aylü`ba }ag jag`s jakmkl dslgoaa" lbajlga" y`blo`" fqkê ̀} ìslca'

O`gd`sjlkl y`s bl ys`tmgoml ka6 Bl Sm`fl"Jagk`vl" _lg Fqlg } _lg Bqm'

Mgkênagl" ` aylü`ba } ldsmolg` bbanlk` ag {majy`ka bl o`b`gml" asl bl sanmÿg jì y`cblkl lg{a } kqslg{abl o`g|qm{l aylü`bl } saomcmÿ qgl jag`s mgffiqagoml kabl o`ssmag{a mgjmnsl{`sml aqs`yal'

O`gd`sjlkl y`s bl ys`tmgoml ka6 Oeqcq{" Bl

Yljyl" Gaq|qíg" Sê` Gans`" _lg{l Osqv }

[massl kab Dqan`'

Ysmgomylbjag{a ka bl o`ssmag{a jmnsl{`sml mg{asgl

ys`tagmag{a ka bl sanmÿg yljyalgl } oembagl" o`j`{ljcmíg el mk` ka{lolkl bl mgffiqagoml ka bl mgjmnsl*omÿgnlbal" qmvl } lbajlgl'

O`jy`momÿg í{gmol ka blsanm`ga lsnag{mgl

Sanmÿg kab G`s{a nslgka lsnag{mg`

Sanmÿg kab Oag{s` lsnag{mg`

Sanmÿg kab Gqat` Oq}` lsnag{mg`

Sanmÿg Yl{lnÿgmol lsnag{mgl


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-consulta-tipografia-2-geografia-soboreo-cinthia-araceli 19/334<



O`jy`momÿg í{gmol

Bl lo{qlb y`cblomÿg lsnag{mgl a absaqb{lk` ka bl kaoagkagoml kmsao{lka km{mg{l `balkl ka mgjmnslg{a"ysmgomylbjag{a ka Aqs`yl } {ljcmígkab ja{mvlfa ka a{` o`g qgl jmg`*sêl mgkênagl `smnmglsml kaka bl o`g*|qm{l aylü`bl'B` yqacb` `smnmglsm` |qa o`g{m{q*}as`g bl cla kab ja{mvlfa ag bl íy`*ol o`b`gmlb a{lclg kmtmkmk` ag {sanslgka nsqy`6 b` yas{agaomag{a lbnsqy` ka bl omtmbmvlomÿg lgkmgl" ysmgom*

ylbjag{a l}jlsl" kmlnqm{l" lgltm*s`ga } o`jaoemgn`ga8 b` yas{aga*omag{a l nsqy` oelo`*ja`y`{ìjmo`"ysmgomylbjag{a bl omtmbmvlomÿg nqlslgê"b` nql}oqsöa } ab yqacb` ~moeê8 }b` yqacb` ka olvlk`sa*sao`bao{`sakab qs" ysmgomylbjag{a b` yqacb`slg|qab" {aeqaboea } jlyqoea'Ag bl sanmÿg oag{slb kab ylê" k`gka ao`goag{sl bl jl}`sêl ka bl y`cblomÿgglom`glb" bl loagkagoml a o`jy`gaysmgomylbjag{a ka mgjmnslg{a aqs`*ya`" ayaomlbjag{a m{lbmlg`'

Ab ylê sanm{sÿ ag b` o`jmagv` kab mnb` UU lb{l {ll ka osaom*jmag{` y`cblom`glb" kacmk` l b` ysòa` ka mgjmnslomÿg qjlk` lqg lb{` osaomjmag{` tana{l{mt` |qa kqslg{a a{a mnb` a tm` a{lcmbm*

vlk` } ag o`g{mgq` kaoag`' _a o`gmkasl mg{asglom`glbjag{a |qaqgl y`cblomÿg a agtafaomkl oqlgk` ab nsqy` ka aklk ka 41 lü` }jì qyasl ab >! ka bl y`cblomÿg {`{lb'

Ab dagÿjag` ka bl ajmnslomÿg |qa a emv` ysaag{a y`s ab o`blyào`gÿjmo` ka 399<" emv` |qa jmba ka lsnag{mg` ajmnslslg ag cq*ol ka jaf`sa yasyao{mtl ao`gÿjmol8 bl jl}`sêl elcsêl yls{mk`sqjc` l Aqs`yl" `csa {`k` l Aylül" M{lbml } A{lk` Qgmk`'

Bl Lsnag{mgl a l jagqk` kaosm{l o`j` qg ylê jlosòadìbmo`"kacmk` l bl mgdbqagoml olm `jgmy`{ag{a ka q olym{lb" Cqag` Lm*

sa } y`s o`goag{sls ag olm ;'999 hj³ %9"<;! ka bl qyasdmoma {`{lblysùmjlkljag{a- l qg {asom` ka bl y`cblomÿg'

Lsnag{mgl } bl mgjmnslomÿg aqs`yal

Bl mgjmnslomÿg aqs`yal d`jag{lkl y`s bl O`g{m{qomÿg Lsnag{mglka <51? clf` bl cla kab ysaoay{` lbcaskmlg`" ka n`casgls a y`cbls"ka{mglkl l nagasls qg {afmk` òmlb sqslb } l dmglbmvls bl òqylomÿg kab` {assm{`sm` `c{agmk` jakmlg{a qgl oljylül jmbm{ls o`g{sl b` mg*kênagl kag`jmglkl O`g|qm{l kab Kamas{`' Bl mgjmnslomÿg qsclgl"ysmgomylbjag{a aqs`yal } ag jag`s jakmkl ka @smag{a Jakm`" ys`*kqomkl kqslg{a dmglba kab mnb` UMU } bl ysmjasl jm{lk kab mnb` UU' Blmgjmnslomÿg bl{mg`ljasmolgl" ysmgomylbjag{a ka ylêa taomg`" jì` jag` o`g{mgqlkl l b` blsn` kab mnb` UU' Bl gqatl o`ssmag{a jm*nsl{`sml l yls{ms ka b` lü` <=59 } <==9 ys`tagmag{a kab Yasö"Lml } Aqs`yl `smag{lb' Ylsl {agas qgl mkal kab mjylo{` ka bl mgjmnslomÿg ag bl kaj`nsldêl ls*nag{mgl" el} |qa aülbls |qa ag{sa <5?9 } <=19" ab ylê saomcmÿ lbsa*kak`s ka 4"1 jmbb`ga ka mgjmnslg{a aqs`ya`

Ylsl {agas qgl mkal kab mjylo{` ka bl mgjmnslomÿg ag bl kaj`nsldêl ls*nag{mgl" el} |qa aülbls |qa ag{sa <5?9 } <=19" ab ylê saomcmÿ lbsa*kak`s ka 4"1 jmbb`ga ka mgjmnslg{a aqs`ya`" bl mgjmnslomÿg ga{l

dqa oasolgl l b` ; jmbb`ga ka aqs`ya` " } a o`g{m{q}ÿ o`j` ab{asoas ylê saoay{`s ag Ljísmol %kayqí ka b` A{lk` Qgmk` } Ol*glkì-' Ab ysmjas oag` glom`glb ka <54= lss`fÿ qg {`{lb ka <'>?>'999elcm{lg{a' Ag <=49 ab ylê {agêl }l qg yò` jì ka 39 jmbb`ga" akaoms |qa ag =9 lü` elcêl jqb{mybmolk` q y`cblomÿg mgmomlb y`s <9'

Bqan` ka bl _anqgkl Nqassl Jqgkmlb bl nslg mgjmnslomÿg {slgòaì*gmol a sakqf` o`gmkaslcbajag{a" yas` b` gmtaba em{ÿsmo` ka bl mg*jmnslomÿg ys`tagmag{a ka b` ylêa bmjê{s`da a jlg{magag ag bllo{qlbmklk' Bl lo{qlb y`cblomÿg lsnag{mgl a ab saqb{lk` ka bl kaoag*kagoml kmsao{l ka km{mg{l `balkl ka mgjmnslg{a" ysmgomylbjag{a kaAqs`yl } {ljcmíg kab ja{mvlfa ka a{` o`g qgl jmg`sêl mgkênagl`smnmglsml kaka bl o`g|qm{l aylü`bl'

Ab lnb`jaslk` Nslg Cqag` Lmsa o`g <3jmbb`ga ka elcm{lg{a

Ab Nslg Oÿsk`cl o`g <"? jmbb`ga ka elcm{lg{a



Qgmklk 3



44

GMTAB KA TMKL ] Y@KAS AO@GßJMO@ KA AQS@YL

Kaka <=59 b` sadqnmlk` ylls`g l òqyls qg bqnls ys`jmgag*{a ag b` j`tmjmag{` jmnsl{`sm` mg{asglom`glba" yls{moqblsjag*{a ag Ìdsmol" Lml Jasmkm`glb } Ljísmol Oag{slb' Bl nqassl kab N`bd`"bl nqassl ag Sqjlgml } bl kamg{anslomÿg ka ]qn`bltml kmas`g bqnls lgqat` `bmom{lg{a ka lmb`'

Ag <==< emomas`g q yakmk` ka lkjmmÿg ag ylêa ka Aqs`yl @oom*

kag{lb } ka Ljísmol kab G`s{a qg {`{lb ka 449'999 yas`gl" bl jl*}`sêl ag Lbajlgml } ag b` A{lk` Qgmk`' _anög ab Lb{` O`jmm`*glk` ka bl Glom`ga Qgmkl ylsl b` Sadqnmlk` %LOGQS-" elcêlag <==? qg` ;; jmbb`ga ka yas`gl" ` al qg` ka olkl <?9 jmbb`*ga ka elcm{lg{a kab jqgk`" ag o`gkmomÿg ka sadqnmlk` ` kayblvl*k` mg{asg` `cbmnlk` l lclgk`gls q e`nlsa'

Ab jqgk` agdsag{l qgl osaomag{a a mjyblolcba osmm ka sadqnmlk` agjakm` ka qg aymslb ka nqassl omtmba |qa elg anqmk` lb o`bly` kabo`jqgmj`' Lml } Ìdsmol `g b` o`g{mgag{a |qa ylkaoag b` jl*}`sa ys`cbajl' Ag{sa b` ylêa kalss`bblk`" Lbajlgml a{ì lk`y*{lgk`" ba}a jì a{smo{l `csa lmb` ag jakm` ka qgl `bl ka l{l|qa

o`g{sl au{slgfas`8 mg ajclsn`" a ab ylê |qa lbcasnl olm qg jmbbÿgka sadqnmlk`'

jì ka <31

jag`s ka >1

ka <9< l <3;

Bl lnsmoqb{qsl ka qcm{agoml

Bl lnsmoqb{qsl ka qcm{agoml a qgj`k` ka lnsmoqb{qsl ag bl oqlb qgl

ylsoabl ka {massl ys`kqoa ÿb` qdm*omag{a ylsl lbmjag{ls bl dljmbml |qa{slclfl ag abbl' Kayagkmagk` kab obm*jl" o`gkmom`ga ka qab`" ysìo{mollnsêo`bl" oqb{mtlsa" osaomjmag{` kaboqb{mt`" {l{q ka {agagoml ka bl {ma*ssl } dlombmklka ylsl jasolka`" asa|qmasa nagaslbjag{a ag{sa <'999 };9'999 j3 %ka 9"31 l <9 losa- y`syas`gl' Ag lbnqgl ìsal kab {sÿymoèöjak` ag _qkljísmol" qgl auyb`{l*omÿg ka nlglkasêl au{agmtl ka qc*m{agoml yqaka sa|qasms ag{sa <1 } 39el/oìym{l ` jì'Ag nagaslb" bl lnsmoqb{qsl ka qcm{ag*oml a o`goag{sl ag qg göjas` bmjm{l*k` ka oqb{mt` ka omob` o`s{` %lgqlba` ajmlgqlba-" a{lom`glba" o`gyasê`k` ka dsqo{mdmolomÿg mgosÿgmoàg ab ìsal kab oqb{mt`' B` mgosajag{`ka `das{l kqslg{a bl oàoel kaysm*jag b` ysaom` } ab lnsmoqb{`s |qa g`yqaka o`gqjms {`k`" ymaska q ys`*kqoomÿg' A{l m{qlomÿg a jì osê{moloqlg{` jì yasaoakas` al ab ys`kqo*

{` } jì o`{`` q {slgy`s{a l blìsal ka o`gqj`'

Dqas{a kamnqlbklka kab YCM

Lb mnqlb |qa bl jl}`sêl ka b` oljyamg`" a{aoljasqgí oqb{mtl l gmtab ka qcm{agoml'

Yblg{lomÿg ̀ snìgmol ka tana{lba





4>

Bl lnsmoqb{qsl aqs`yal6

qg y`{agomlb g`{lcba' Mgkmolk`sa ka yls{momylomÿg ag blys`kqoomÿg jqgkmlb" ag y`soag{lfa kab lü` <==;'

Bl lnsmoqb{qsl mg{agmtl a qg m{ajl ka ys`kqoomÿg lnsêo`bl |qaeloa qg q` mg{agmt` ka b` jakm` ka ys`kqoomÿg' Y`s abb`" a yqa*ka elcbls ka lnsmoqb{qsl mg{agmtl ag jlg` ka `csl" ag mgqj` }

ag olym{lbmvlomÿg' G` a mg{agmdmolomÿg ka bl lnsmoqb{qsl ka b` lü`<=>9 } <=59 ‒bl sat`bqomÿg taska‚" yqa `b` oljcmÿ bl aolbl kag*{s` ka qgl lnsmoqb{qsl au{agmtl'

Afajyb` ka lnsmoqb{qsl mg{agmtl" ag jlg` ka `csl" `g b` oqb{mt`ka e`s{êo`bl" o`j` ab ayìssln`" |qa lyagl a{ì jaolgmvlkl' O`jàfajyb` ka lnsmoqb{qsl mg{agmtl ag mgqj` g` ago`g{slj` o`g aboqb{mt` ka db`sa" |qa ylsl bbanls ag yasdao{l o`gkmom`ga lb jasolk`sa|qmasa ka qg q` ka dm{`lgm{lsm` mjy`s{lg{a'

Bl lnsmoqb{qsl ka Aqs`ylB` oqb{mt` ka olym{lbmvlomÿg mg{agmtl `g l|qabb` |qa sa|qmasagka qg ljcmag{a o`g{s`blk` } qgl mgtasmÿg ag olym{lb jq} dqas{a" a*yaomlbjag{a ag mg{lblom`ga" o`j` yqakag as qg oqb{mt` emks`yÿgm*o` ag mgtasglkas`' Ag a{a {my` ka lnsmoqb{qsl a ys`kqoag olg{mklkamgjagl ag sakqomk` aylom`" ka qg `b` {my` ka ys`kqo{`' A q{m*bmvlkl ag {`k` b` qcqscm` ka bl ìsal ja{s`y`bm{lgl kab jqg*k`" a{` oqb{mt` ysa{agkag lbmjag{ls l bl sanmÿg ja{s`y`bm{lgl'

_a sa|qmasa dqas{a q` ka agasnêl `bls } ka o`jcq{mcba o`j` ya*{sÿba` } kasmtlk`8 a lybmolg ys`kqo{` |qêjmo` o`j` b` das{mbm*vlg{a {sl{lk` ` b` yblnqmomkl' Bl olslo{asê{mol ka bl lnsmoqb{qslmg{agmtl' Bl lnsmoqb{qsl mg{agmtl el yasjm{mk` mgosajag{ls bl ys`*kqo{mtmklk lnsêo`bl ag ab öb{mj` mnb`" lanqslgk` lb jmj` {majy`qgl dqag{a a{lcba ka lbmjag{` lb {majy` |qa lqjag{l bl y`cblomÿgjqgkmlb } kaosaoa bl qyasdmoma gaoalsml'

B` mgosajag{` ag bl ys`kqoomÿg" o`gfqg{ljag{a o`g bl jaolgmvl*omÿg lnslsml elg o`g{smcqmk` l bl sakqoomÿg ka bl y`cblomÿg lnslsml"yasjm{magk` |qa l jakmkl |qa |qaklclg bmcsa ka bl {lsal kab olj*y` yqkmaag mgo`sy`slsa lb ao{`s mgkq{smlb %ol` ka Aylül ag b`lü` 49-'

Mgosajag{l bl sag{l ka b` lnsmoqb{`sa' ag a{` j`jag{` ab ìsalja{s`y`bm{lgl" gaoam{l jqoe` ka bl lnsmoqb{qsl mg{agmtl "kacmk` lbl `csa y`cblomÿg jqgkmlb ka a{l ayòl' a{l a jq} mjy`s{lg{a}l el |qa yasjm{a qgl ys`kqoomÿg jl loabaslkl ka b` lbmjag{` agyò` aylom` } o`g b` jmj` cagadmom` gq{smom`glsm` ka bl lnsm*oqb{qsl {slkmom`glb" o`g jl}`sa saqb{lk` ag ys`kqo{mtmklk } {l*jlü`'y`s b` oqlb a{` cagadmoml l bl lbmjag{lomÿg ka bl y`cblomÿg'

Ab q` lcqmt` a mssay`glcba ka dm{`lgm{lsm` yqaka o`g{ljmglsloqêdas` } abmjmgls mgao{` cagadmom`` %lcafl y`bmgmvlk`sl-" lêo`j` `{sl y`cblom`ga ka yìfls` } jljêdas`'

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Lo{mtmklka Mg{anslk s̀l

G`jcsa ka lbqjg`6oqs`6

Sadasagoml

9*1 elc'/hj3

1*<9 elc'/hj3

<9*31 elc'/hj3

31*19 elc'/hj3

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Sayöcbmol Lsnag{mgl6 Kaj`nsldêl } lo{tmklka ao`gÿjmol

LO[MTMKLK

<' Salbmvl qgl d`{ò`yml ka a{l yìnmgl" ` ka

b` êo`g` ag bl yls{a mgdasm`s kasaoel ka bl

yìnmgl'

3' _anög b` lysagkmk` ag a{l qgmklk" } qlg*

k` bl sadasagoml ysaag{a ag a{l yìnmgl6

sao`s{l bl ymavl } qcêolbl ag ab jlyl" y`s

ys`tmgoml'

@castl |qa }l eaj` o`bòlk` 3 êo`g`

o`j` afajyb`'

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‣ Atlbqls bl olylomklk ka mg{asysa{lomÿg kab

lbqjg`" ka b` {au{` ysaag{lk` ag a{l

qgmklk'

‣ Ybljls ka jlgasl nsìol b` {au{` baê*

k`'

Lo{mt' Mgkq{smlb

Lo{mt' Lnsêo`bl






Nb`lsm`

L Lnsmcqmga6 m{ajl lns`yaoqlsm` ka lb{l

ayaomlbmvlomÿg yslo{molk` ag b` ylêa jì

kalss`bblk`'

Lnsmoqb{qsl ka jasolk`6 _m{ajl ao`gÿjmo`

ag ab |qa ab oljyamg` {slclfl aagomlbjag*

{a ylsl ab jasolk` }" l q tav" a agoqag{sl

tmgoqblk` l í{a g` ÿb` o`j` tagkak`s mg`

{ljcmíg o`j` o`gqjmk`s'

Lnql mg{asm`sa6 _a sadmasa l bl lnql jl*smgl ka n`bd`" cleêl q `{sl ao`{lkqsl

` mgq`mklka ka bl o`{l `csa bl |qa ab

ylê smcasaü` afasoa ybagl `caslgêl lb mnqlb

|qa ag bl {massl ajasnmkl'

Clblgvl o`jasomlb6 Tlb`s ka bl auy`s{lom`*

ga ka jasolkasêl jag` ab tlb`s ka bl

mjy`s{lom`ga kabl jasolkasêl'

Clgo` ka ajmbbl6 D`sjl ka o`gastl*

omÿg } dqag{a ka kmtasmklk nagí{mol ylsl

bl mgtasmÿg lnsêo`bl8 `g a{lcbaomjmag{`

|qa dqgom`glg o`j` ajmbbas` o`g ab `cfa{`

ka samg{s`kqoms ` sad`svls bl y`cblom`ga

mbta{sa'

Cmaga ka ys`kqoomÿg6 _`g b` |qa a lk*

|qmasag ylsl as mgo`sy`slk` lb ysòa` ka

ys`kqoomÿg ka cmaga ` astmom`'

Cagabqu6 %Ca6 Cíbnmol8 Ga6 Ga{easblgk8

Bqu6 Bquajcqsn`-' G`jcsa o`jyqa{` y`sbl ysmjasl ba{sl ka í{` ylêa" |qa ag

<=;; a saqgmas`g ylsl d`sjls bl cla ka

qgl qgmÿg lkqlgasl ag{sa abb`'

Cm`jl6 a qg o`gfqg{` ka tana{lba }

lgmjlba |qa tmtag mg{assablom`glk` } ag

a|qmbmcsm` o`g ab obmjl ag qgl v`gl ka bl

qyasdmoma {assa{sa'

Cmbl{aslbmj`6 j`klbmklk {agkmag{a l bl

ljybmlomÿg ka b` jasolk` glom`glba l

{sltí ka o``yaslomÿg a mg{anslomÿg8 qy`ga

bl auobqmÿg ka {asoas` ylêa'

C

Omob` emks`bÿnmo`6 omob` cm`na`|qêjmo` y`s ab

|qa a ys`kqoa qg o`g{mgq` mg{asoljcm` ka

lnql ag{sa b` òílg`" bl l{jÿdasl } b`

o`g{mgag{a'

O`b`gmlbmj`6 òqylomÿg ka {assm{`sm`

au{slgfas` y`s yls{a ka qg A{lk`" ylsl ab

a{lcbaomjmag{` ka o`b`g` } bl auyb`{lomÿg

ao`gÿjmol'

Omob` ka olsc`g`6 j`tmjmag{` oêobmo` kabolsc`g` ag kmdasag{a d`sjl |qêjmol kab

jakm` ljcmag{a l b` `snlgmj`" } bqan` ka

sansa` lb ljcmag{a'

Omqklka ysmjlkl6 `g l|qabb` oag{s`

qsclg` |qa òqylg ab ysmjas bqnls ag qg

m{ajl qsclg` glom`glb } oq}l y`cblomÿg

a tlsml taoa qyasm`s l bl |qa ba mnqa ag

anqgk` {ísjmg`'

Kajlgkl6 oqstl ` {lcbl |qa jqa{sl |qa

olg{mklk ka qg cmag ` astmom` asì sa|qasmkl

l kmdasag{a ysaom` y`mcba'

Ka{asm`sm ljcmag{lb6 kmjmgqomÿg ka bl ol*

bmklk kab jakm` ljcmag{a kacmk` l km{mg{`

ys`cbajl |qa b` ldao{lg6 o`g{ljmglomÿg"

kaas{mvlomÿg" as`mÿg" a{o'

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ka bl olkagl mgkq{smlb" |qa kmòml {lsal

lg{a mg{anslkl a mgosajag{l bl kmtmmÿg{íogmol } aylomlb kab {slclf`" lb {majy` |qa

dlt`saoa ab qsnmjmag{` ka ya|qaül dmsjl

mgkq{smlba } ka astmom`8 y`s `{sl yls{a" a

d`sjlg saka ka ajysal mgkq{smlba'

Kaajyba`6 a bl o`gkmomÿg y`s bl oqlb bl

y`cblomÿg ao`gÿjmoljag{a lo{mtl g` {maga

ajyba` sajqgaslk` gm {slclfl y`s oqag{l

ys`yml } a{ì kmy`gmcba ylsl òqyls qg aj*

yba` sajqgaslk` ` ylsl {slclfls y`s oqag{l

ys`yml ` {ljcmíg salbmvlk` loom`ga o`gosa*

{l ylsl ago`g{sls qg ajyba`'

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yaskmk` ka bl olkagl ka {slgd`sjlomÿg ys`kqo{mtl

o`g a|qmklk } q{ag{lcmbmklk‚" ag Oqscabb`" F' B'"

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[assm{`sm` ag [slgd`sjlomÿg'

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AKM[@S MLB JL_\QASLKA _'L kmÿ {ísjmg` l bl ysaag{a {mslkl ka 4'999 afajyblsa

ka a{l akmomÿg ag ab ja ka Ln`{` ka 399> ag b` [lbbasa Nsío` Mgkqnsld _'L"

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