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PV Li-Ion Battery System
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 1
Design Kit
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Contents
Slide #
1. Lithium-Ion Batteries Pack1.1 Lithium-Ion Batteries Pack Specification..............................................................
1.2 Discharge Time Characteristics...........................................................................
1.3 Single Cell Discharge Characteristics..................................................................
1.4 Charge Time Characteristics................................................................................
2. Solar Cells
2.1 Solar Cells Specification......................................................................................
2.2 Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation.............................................
3. Solar Cell Battery Charger.........................................................................................
3.1 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit.....................................
3.2 PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit........................................................................
3.3 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition.........................................
3.4 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit + Constant Current......
3.5 Constant Current PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit.............................................
3.6 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition + Constant Current..........
4. Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery System in 24hr.4.1 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery System in 24hr.....................................
4.2 Short-Circuit Current vs. Time (24hr.)..................................................................
4.3 PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit..................................................................
4.3 PV-Battery System Simulation Result..................................................................
Simulations index............................................................................................................
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19-23
24
2 All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010
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BAYSUN’s Lithium-Ion Batteries Pack : Power Battery Plus (PBT-BAT-0001)
• Capacity............................65[Wh], 4400[mAh] (Approximately)
• Rated Current....................3[A]
• Input Voltage.......................20.5 [Vdc]
• Output Voltage....................12.8 ~ 16.4 [Vdc] ( 4 cells )
• Charging time......................5[hours] (Approximately)
1.1 Lithium-Ion Batteries Pack Specification
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 3
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1.2 Discharge Time Characteristics
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0.2C ( 880 mA )
0.5C ( 2200 mA )
1C ( 4400 mA )
Batteries Pack Model Parameters
NS (number of batteries in series) = 4 cells
C (capacity) = 4400 mA
SOC1 (initial state of charge) = 100%
TSCALE (time scale) , simulation : real time1 : 3600s or
1s : 1h
Discharge Rate : 0.2C(880mA), 0.5C(2200mA), and 1C(4400mA)
0
Hi
0
DMOD
D1
Voch16.8Vdc
0
+ -U1PBT-BAT-0001
TSCALE = 3600
SOC1 = 100
C1
1n
0
I N-
OUT+
OUT-
I N+
G1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.01, 0, rate*CAh )GVALUE
PARAMETERS:
rate = 1CAh = 4400m
TSCALE=3600
means time Scale
(Simulation time :
Real time) is 1:3600
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1.3 Single Cell Discharge Characteristics
• Single cell discharge characteristics are compared between measurement data and simulation
data.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 5
Measurement Simulation
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
-100102030405060708090100
V O L T A G E
[ V ]
SOC [%]
0.2C ( 880mA )
0.5C ( 2200mA )
1.0C ( 4400mA )
Single cell
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1.4 Charge Time Characteristics
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 6
SOC [%]
Vbatt [V] ICharge [A]
Batteries Pack Model Parameters
NS (number of batteries in series) = 4 cells
C (capacity) = 4400 mA
SOC1 (initial state of charge) = 100%
TSCALE (time scale) , simulation : real time
1 : 3600s or
1s : 1h
Charger Adaptor
Input Voltage = 20.5 Vdc
Input Current = 880 mA(max.)
I N -
O U
T +
O U T -
I N +
G1
Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1, 0, rate*CAh )GVALUE
DMOD
D1
Voch16.8Vdc
0
0
+ -U1PBT-BAT-0001
TSCALE = 3600SOC1 = 0
Vin
20.5Vdc
0
Hi
0
C1
1n
PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.2CAh = 4400m
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BP Solar’s photovoltaic module : SX330
• Maximum power (Pmax)..............30[W]
• Voltage at Pmax (Vmp).............16.8[V]
• Current at Pmax (Imp)...............1.78[A]
• Short-circuit current (Isc)...........1.94[A]
• Open-circuit voltage(Voc)...........21.0[V]
2.1 Solar Cells Specification
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 7
502mm
5 9 5 m m
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2.2 Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation
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SX330
+U1
SX330SOL = 1
Parameter, SOL is added as
normalized incident radiation,
where SOL=1 for AM1.5
conditions
SOL=1
SOL=0.5
SOL=0.16
SOL=1
SOL=0.5
SOL=0.16
C u r r e n t ( A )
P o w e r ( W )
Voltage (V)
SX330 Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation
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3. Solar Cell Battery Charger
• Solar Cell charges the Li-ion batteries pack (PBT-BAT-001) with direct connect
technique. Choose the solar cell that is able to provide current at charging rate or more
with the maximum power voltage (Vmp) nears the batteries pack charging voltage.
• PBT-BAT-0001 (Li-ion batteries pack)
– Charging time is approximately 5 hours with charging rate 0.2C or 880mA – Voltage during charging with 0.2C is between 14.7 to 16.9 V
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 9
14.7 V
14.9 V
0.2C or 880mA
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3.1 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 10
Lithium-Ion
Batteries Pack
Photovoltaic
Module
Over Voltage
Protection Circuit
16.8V Clamp Circuit
PBT-BAT-0001 (BAYSUN)
DC12.8~16.4V (4 cells)4400mAh
SX 330 (BP Solar)
Vmp=16.8VPmax=30W
Short circuit current ISC
depends on condition: SOL
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3.2 PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit
• Input value between 0-1 in the “PARAMETERS: sol = ” to set the normalized incident
radiation, where SOL=1 for AM1.5 conditions.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 11
DMOD
D1
Voch16.8Vdc
0
0
Hi
0
C1
1n
PARAMETERS:
sol = 1
SX330
+U2SX330SOL = {sol}
0
pv
+ -U1PBT-BAT-0001
TSCALE = 3600SOC1 = 0
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3.3 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition
• Simulation result shows the charging time for sol = 1, 0.5, and 0.16.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 12
sol = 1.00
sol = 0.50
sol = 0.16
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3.4 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit
+ Constant Current
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 13
Lithium-Ion
Batteries Pack
Photovoltaic
Module
Over Voltage
Protection Circuit
16.8V Clamp Circuit
PBT-BAT-0001 (BAYSUN)
DC12.8~16.4V (4 cells)4400mAh
SX 330 (BP Solar)
Vmp=16.8VPmax=30W
Constant
Current
Control
Circuit
Icharge=0.2C (880mA)
Short circuit current ISC
depends on condition: SOL
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3.5 Constant Current PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit
• Input the battery capacity (Ah) and charging current rate (e.g. 0.2*CAh) in the
• “PARAMETERS: CAh = 4400m and rate = 0.2 ” to set the charging current.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 14
DMOD
D1
Voch16.8Vdc
0
0
Hi
0
C1
1n
PARAMETERS:
sol = 1
SX330
+U2SX330SOL = {sol}
0
pv
PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.2CAh = 4400m
I N -
O U T +
O U T -
I N +
G1
Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1, 0, rate*CAh)
GVALUE
+ -U1PBT-BAT-0001
TSCALE = 3600SOC1 = 0
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3.6 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition
(Constant Current)
• Simulation result shows the charging time for sol = 1, 0.5, and 0.16. If PV can
generate current more than the constant charge rate (0.2A), battery can be fully
charged in about 5 hour.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 15
sol = 1.00
sol = 0.50
sol = 0.16
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4.1 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery System in 24hr.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 16
Lithium-Ion
Batteries Pack
Photovoltaic
Module
Over VoltageProtection Circuit
16.8V Clamp Circuit
PBT-BAT-0001 (BAYSUN)
DC12.8~16.4V (4 cells)
4400mAhSX 330 (BP Solar)
Vmp=16.8V
Pmax=30W
DC/DC
Converter
Vopen= (V)
Vclose= (V)
The model contains 24hr.
solar power data (example).
DC Load
VIN=10~18V
VOUT=5V
VIN = 5V
IIN = 1.5A
Low-Voltage
Shutdown
Circuit
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4.2 Short-Circuit Current vs. Time (24hr.)
• Short-circuit current vs. time characteristics of photovoltaic module SX330 for 24hours
as the solar power profile (example) is included to the model.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 17
SX330
+
U2SX330_24H_TS3600
The model contains
24hr. solar power data
(example).
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4.3 PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 18
Ronoff1
100dchth
Low- Vol t age Shutdown Ci r cui t
DC/ DC Conver t er
DMOD
D1
Voch16.8Vdc
0
0
batt
0
C1100nIC = 16.4
0
pv
+ -U1PBT-BAT-0001
TSCALE = 3600SOC1 = 70
SX330
+
U2SX330_24H_TS3600
batt1
C3
10n
+
-
+
-
S2S
VON = 0.7VOFF = 0.3
ROFF = 10MEGRON = 0.01
0
0
I N+
I N-
OUT+OUT-
ecal_Iomax
n*V(%IN+, %IN-)*I(IN)/5EVALUE
Iomax
0
I N+
I N-
OUT+OUT-
E2
IF( V(lctrl) > 0.25 ,Lopen ,Lclose)EVALUE
0
PARAMETERS:
Lopen = 14
Lclose = 15.2
I N+
I N-
OUT+OUT-
E1
IF(V(batt1)>V(dchth),5,0)EVALUERonoff
100
Conoff 1nIC = 5
Lctrl
PARAMETERS:
n = 1
I11.5Adc
0
OUT
I N+
I N-
OUT+OUT-
E3
IF( I (OUT)-V(Iomax) > 0 , n*V(%IN+, %IN-)*I(IN)/(I(OUT)+1u), 5 )EVALUE
out_dc
DMOD
D2
Conoff 1100n
I N-
OUT+
OUT-
I N+
G1
Limit( V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1, 1m, 5*I(out)/(n*limit(V(%IN+, %IN-),10,25)) )
GVALUE
IN
Solar cell model
with 24hr. solar
power data.
Lopen value is load
shutdown voltage.
Lclose value is load
reconnect voltage
Set initial battery
voltage, IC=16.4, forconvergence aid.
SOC1 value is initialState Of Charge of
the battery, is set as
70% of full voltage.
7.5W Load
(5Vx1.5A).
Simulation at 15W load, change I1 from 1.5A to 3A
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4.3.1 Simulation Result (SOC1=100)
• C1: IC=16.4
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• Step size: 0.01s
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 19
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options ITL4=1000
SOC1=100 Fully charged,
stop charging
Battery supplies current when solar
power drops.
PV module charge the battery
Chargingtime
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4.3.2 Simulation Result (SOC1=70)
• C1: IC=16.4
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• Step size: 0.01s
• SKIPBP
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 20
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options ITL4=1000
SOC1=70
V=Lopen
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged,
stop charging
Battery supplies current when solar
power drops.
PV module charge the battery
Chargingtime
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4.3.3 Simulation Result (SOC1=30)
• C1: IC=15
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• Step size: 0.01s
• Total job time = 2s
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 21
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options ITL4=1000
SOC1=30
V=Lopen
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged,
stop charging
Battery supplies current when solar
power drops.
PV module charge the battery
Charging time
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4.3.4 Simulation Result (SOC1=10)
• C1: IC=14.4
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• Step size: 0.01s
• SKIPBP
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 22
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options RELTOL=0.01
• .Options ITL4=1000
SOC1=10
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged,
stop charging
Battery supplies current when solar
power drops.
PV module charge the battery
Charging time
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4.3.5 Simulation Result (SOC1=100, IL=3A or 15W load)
• C1: IC=16.4
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• Step size: 0.001s
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 23
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options ITL4=1000
SOC1=100 Fully charged,
stop charging
Battery supplies current when solarpower drops.
PV module charge the battery
Chargingtime
V=Lopen
Shutdown
V=Lopen
Shutdown
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4.3.4 Simulation Result (Example of Conclusion)
The simulation start from midnight(time=0). The system supplies DC load 7.5W.
• If initial SOC is 100%,
– this system will never shutdown.
• If initial SOC is 70%,
– this system will shutdown after 5.185 hours (about 5:11AM.).
– system load will reconnect again at 7:40AM (Morning).
• If initial SOC is 30%,
– this system will shutdown after 1.633 hours (about 1:38AM.).
– system load will reconnect again at 7:37AM (Morning).
• If initial SOC is 10%,
– this system will start shutdown.
– this system will reconnect again at 7:37AM (Morning).
• With the PV generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about 4.25 hours.
The simulation start from midnight(time=0). The system supplies DC load 15W.• If initial SOC is 100%,
– this system will shutdown after 3.897 hours (about 3:54AM.).
– system load will reconnect again at 7:37AM (Morning).
– this system will shutdown again at 8:28 PM (Night).
• With the PV generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about 5.5 hours.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2009 24
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Simulations index
Simulations Folder name
1. PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit...................................................
2. Constant Current PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit......................
3. PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=100).......................
4. PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=70).........................
5. PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=30).........................
6. PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=10).........................
7. PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=100, 15W).............
charge-sol
charge-sol-const
sol_24h_soc100
sol_24h_soc70
sol_24h_soc30
sol_24h_soc10
sol_24h_soc100_15W
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 25