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Tukkgkj h`ib? FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb 9

Fikusmrgpt ikb Rh`cacjy ]tuby cn WHZH?

Kif` cn Nith`r, ]ck, ikb ]pgrgt

Ockithik Z. Aikencrb, F@b

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb 4

Mcpyrgjht 490) 0=4,97>=,97>8,97:9,97:4,97:=,97:0,97::,9770 dy Rh` Acmefik

Ncukbitgck. Ps`b dy p`rfgssgck.

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb =

Idstrimt

Rhgs surv`y cn th` R`trijriffitck (ncur a`tt`rs cn th` Mr`itcrs kif`) r`v`ias t`xtuia

`vgb`km` nrcf k`iray crgjgkia fikusmrgpts ikb virgcus mgvgagzitgcks thit th` kif` cn

th` Mr`itcr gs WHZH gk iaa thr`` p`rscks ikb fikgn`stitgcks cn hgs pr`s`km`. Rh`

pip`r wgaa ngrst r`vg`w th` r`iscks ncr th` prckukmgitgck Wihwih, whgmh gs r`ib

phck`fgmiaay/oi?ci?/. Ncaacwgkj th` stuby cn prckukmgitgck gs i r`vg`w cn th` kif`s

hgstcrgmia usij` ikb r`fcvia nrcf mgrmuait`b fikusmrgpts d`jgkkgkj gk th` s`mckb

m`ktury DM@, whgmh his r`suat`b gk fcb`rk r`paim`f`kt th`cacjy cn th` kif` wgth

j`k`rgm tgta`s is Acrb ikb iat`rkit` kif`s is O`sus. Rh` jriv` th`cacjgmia

gfpagmitgcks upck th` pr`s`kt-biy mhurmh ir` `xifgk`b. Fcr` sp`mgngmiaay, th` stuby

prcpcs`s i vg`w cn Jcbs ck`k`ss is WHZH ikb hcw gt inn`mts th` bcmtrgk` cn

diptgsf. Fuatgpa` agkes tc th` `vgb`km` `xgst wgthgk th` bcmuf`kt thit wgaa bgr`mt th`

r`ib`r tc virgcus scurm`s, whgmh gkmaub` ckagk` agdrirg`s, gfij`b fikusmrgpts, ikb

bgr`mt mcffukgmitgck wgth fuatgpa` pcst-jribuit` prcn`ssgckias ikb prcn`sscrs.

E`ywcrbs?R`trijriffitck, Wihw`h, ckcfistgms, th`cacjy, diptgsf

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb 2

Rida` cn Mckt`kts

]gjkgngmikm` .............................................................................................................. 0

\rckukmgitgck cn WHZH ( ZhW ) ............................................................................... >Rhr`` a`tt`rs .................................................................................................... :

\rckukmgitgck pcssgdgagtg`s ............................................................................... 7

Rh` nuaa kif` Wih-wih (hZhW) ...................................................................... 44

Hgstcry cn th` Kif`s Psij`................................................................................. 4:

Mckspgrimy..................................................................................................... ==

WHZH F`ssgih ............................................................................................. =0

Rh`cacjgmia gfpagmitgcks ....................................................................................... 20

Rrgkgty vs. Ck`k`ss ........................................................................................ 2:

Ck` kif` ...................................................................................................... 28

Diptgsf gk th` kif` cn WHZH F`ssgih ........................................................ 0

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb 0

Fikusmrgpt ikb Rh`cacjy ]tuby cn WHZH?

Kif` cn Nith`r, ]ck, ikb ]pgrgt

It th` turk cn th` fgaa`kkguf, th` simr`b kif` cn th` Mr`itcr d`jik tc r`m`gv`

fumh itt`ktgck dy hck`st, truth s``egkj pudagm wgthgk th` mhurmh`s ikb `bumitgckia

gkstgtutgcks. Fcr` thik ngnty y`irs hib piss`b sgkm` th` bgsmcv`ry cn th` B`ib ]`i

]mrcaas it Yufrik, ikb th` nimt thit sc agtta` wis ekcwk tc th` j`k`ria pudagm p`ie`b

p`cpa`s murgcsgty. Zhy his th` R`trijriffitck, th` ncur a`tt`rs cn th` Mr`itcrs

kif`, mcksgst`ktay d``k hgstcrgmiaay sgjkgngmikt3 Zhy wis gt wrgtt`k gk i aikjuij`

bgnn`r`kt nrcf th` mcffck Fiscr`tgm H`dr`w cn th` Dgda`3 Ikb fcst cn iaa, hcw bgb

ck` prckcukm` gt3

]gjkgngmikm`

Zhit gs th` kif` cn th` Mr`itcr3 Zhit gs Hgs kif`, ikb whit gs Hgs ]cks

kif`3 (\rcv`rds =

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb >

Fiky kif` th`cacjgiks ikb pr`imh`rs hiv` i prcda`f is th`r` ir` ckay twc

paim`s gk ]mrgptur` wh`r` scf`ck` his fiky kif`s, ikb gt gs kct th` Mr`itcr. Rh`y

ir` th` D`ist ikb Hiract. H` mirrg`b f` iwiy gk th` ]pgrgt gktc i wgab`rk`ss. G siw i

wcfik sgttgkj ck i smira`t-mcacr`b d`ist, nuaa cn daisph`fcus kif`s, hivgkj s`v`k

h`ibs ikb t`k hcrks (T`v`aitgck 9:?=). Ckay th` D`ist ikb th` Hiract hiv` fiky

kif`s5 hcw`v`r, ]mrgptur` r`p`it`bay `fphisgz`s thit th` Mr`itcr his ckay ck`

kif`. Gk ibbgtgck, th`r` mikkct d` `kcujh `fphisgs paim`b ck kif`s, `sp`mgiaay gk

th` aist biys, is whc`v`r miaas ck th` kif` cn th` Acrb wgaa d` siv`b (Imts 4?49). ]c

whit gs th` kif` cn th` Acrb3 Rh` spgrgtuia wcrab bc`s ditta` usgkj hg`rirmhg`s,

iuthcrgty, ikb kif`s5 Fgmhi`a, th` mhg`n ikj`a hgfs`an, bgb kct `v`k cv`rpcw`r ]itik

dy hgs cwk iuthcrgty dut sigb, WHZH r`due` ycu (Oub` 9?7).

Rhgs jcia cn thgs pip`r gs kct tc oubj` th` `t`rkia nit` cn ikyck` dut ckay

`viauit` th` kif` ck whgmh hufikgty shcuab miaa ncr siavitgck. Zhga` thgs pip`r gs kct

idcut th` int`ragn`, d` issur`b thit th` mhurmhs mckm`pt cn th` r`wirb cn h`iv`k ikb

pukgshf`kt cn h`aa gs jr`itay se`w`b. Kc ck` mik oubj` ikyck` `as` ck hgs cr h`r

nutur`5 th`r` gs ckay ck` Oubj` (Oif`s 2?94). Rh`r`ncr`, thgs pip`r wgaa ckay r`n`r tc

hcw th` kif` cn WHZH mik d` mckn`ss`b.

\rckukmgitgck cn WHZH ( ZhW )]mrgptur` r`mcrbs? Rhus ycu ir` tc siy tc th` mhgabr`k cn Gsri`a, WHZH, th`

Jcb cn ycur nith`rs, th` Jcb cn Idrihif, th` Jcb cn Gsiim, ikb th` Jcb cn Oimcd,

his s`kt f` tc ycu. Rhgs gs Fy kif` ncr`v`r, ikb thus G if tc d` r`f`fd`r`b

thrcujhcut iaa j`k`ritgcks (@xcbus =?90). Rhit gs iaa w`aa ikb jccb, dut hcw fgjht

scf`ck` prckcukm` WHZH ( HZhW)3 Rh` prckukmgitgck r`ibs is Wih-wih. Rh`

prckukmgitgck is r`ib usgkj th` Gkt`rkitgckia \hck`tgm Iaphid`t gs /oi?ci?/. Rhgs

prckukmgitgck gs `vgb`kt ifckj iaa O`wgsh mcffukgtg`s.

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb :

Rhr`` a`tt`rs

Rh` simr`b kif` mcksgsts cn 2

a`tt`rs, dut ckay = bgnn`r`kt a`tt`rs.

@xt`ksgv` stuby cn th` a`tt`rs mik d` bck`

usgkj iky `kmymacp`bgi, dut j`k`ria

gkncrfitgck mik d` ncukb wgth i drg`n r`ib

nrcf Zgeg. Rh` ngrst a`tt`r gs miaa`b i Wcbh

(W). Gt gs th` crgjgk cn th` Jr``e ikb Aitgk

a`tt`r g ikb th` @kjagsh a`tt`r o5 gt gs

prckcukm`b dy gts`an is i ackj g scukb?

`` cr /g?/ immcrbgkj tc th` Gkt`rkitgckia

\hck`tgm Iaphid`t. Rh` k`xt a`tt`r gs

miaa`b i H` ( h). Gt gs th` crgjgk cn th`

Jr``e ikb Aitgk a`tt`r ` gk wrgtgkj, dut gs

prckcukm`b is ik ih (D`kk`r, 4

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb 8

Ngjur` 9? Iaphid`t mhirt (D`kk`r, 4

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb 7

syaaida`? Wi-u cr Wi-c. Rhgs gs r`na`mt`b gk gktrcbumtcry H`dr`w jriffir, wh`r` i

mcksckikt fust d`jgk i syaaida` ikb i vcw`a mikkct d`jgk i syaaida`. Gk crb`r tc us`

th` Ziw tc d`jgk i s`mckb syaaida`, gt fust d` r`pr`s`kt`b dy i w. Rhgs gs why th`

Ziw gs r`pr`s`kt`b dy ik c gk Wihc, dut gs r`pr`s`kt`b dyi w gk Wih-wih.

@kjagsh W IH Z IH

Fcb`rk H`dr`w y h w h

Fgbba` H`dr`w W H Z H

Ikmg`kt H`dr`w W H Z H

Gt gs th` pr`fgs` cn thgs pip`r tc pcstuait` thit WHZH gs prckcukm`b is i twc-

syiaaida` kif`? Wih-wih, is cppcs`b tc murr`kt pcpuairgzitgcks cn th` thr`` syaaida`

prckukmgitgcks Wi-hu-wih cr Wi-hc-wih. Gt gs kct th` gkt`ktgck cn thgs pip`r tc pr`s`kt

jriffitgmia `vgb`km` dut hgstcrgmia `vgb`km`, ikb th` iuthcr cn thgs pip`r shcuab kct

d` mcksgb`r`b ik iuthcrgty gk H`dr`w jriffir.

\rckukmgitgck pcssgdgagtg`s

Rh` mcrr`mt prckukmgitgck cn th` ncur a`tt`rs mik d` hgstcrgmiaay b`t`rfgk`b dy

usgkj dcth Fcb`rk H`dr`w jriffir ikb muaturia-agkjugstgm vgb`km`. Fcb`rk H`dr`w

jriffir bgb kct `xgst 2,

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb 98 Ifiryihc prcfgs`b dy WHZH Ifirgih

>8= Itsiayihc r`s`rv`b tc WHZH Iziagih

9929 D`kiyihc dugat up-WHZH D`kigih

947> D`r`eyihc ek``a tc WHZH D`r`mhgih

92=> J`biayihc WHZH-jr`it J`biagih

908: J`firyihc p`rn`mt`b dy WHZH J`firgih

9:=0 Bcbiyihc Acv`-WHZH Bcbivih

98 B`aiyihc b`agv`r-WHZH B`aigih

97=> Hcbiyihc fio`sty-WHZH Hcb`vih

47 _`dibyihc `kburikm`-WHZH _`dibgih

4928 _`mhiryihc r`f`fd`r-WHZH _`mhirgih

4=7> Mhgz`qgyihc str`kjth-WHZH H`z`egih

4098 Mhgagqgyihc pcrtgck-WHZH Hgaegih

4>

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb 92

=0 W`mhbgyihc ukgty-WHZH O`hb`gih

=9>7 W`mhgzqgyihc str`kjth-WHZH H`z`egih

=44 Mckikyihc sustigk`b dy WHZH Mckikgih

=>07 Mckyihc stidgagty dy WHZH Mckgih

=>>= E`kikyihc paikt`b dy WHZH Mh`kikgih

2=49 Fgeiyihc age` WHZH Fgmhigih

2229 Fiaegyihc egkj-WHZH Fiamhgih

207< Fiizyihc r`smu`-WHZH Fiizgih

2>29 Fiis`yihc wcre-WHZH Fiis`gih

2:=: Fgqkmyihc purmhis`-WHZH Fgek`gih

274< F`sh`a`fyihc r`pigb dy WHZH F`sh`amfgih

278= Fittikyihc pr`s`kt-WHZH Fittikgih

277= Fitgthyihc stub`kt-WHZH Fitth`w

0=:2 K`rgyihc agjht-WHZH K`rgih

0298 K`thikyihc jgv`k dy WHZH K`thikgih

00>0 ]`fieyihc suppcrt`b dy WHZH ]`fimhgih0>>4 Cdibyihc s`rvikt-WHZH Cdibgih

0:98 Ibiyihc mcktgkugkj gk WHZH Ibigih

0894 Izizyihc str`kjth-WHZH Izizgih

0898 Pzzgyihc pcw`r-WHZH Pzzgih

08=8 Iziryihc h`ap`b-WHZH Izirgih

>4:9 Ithiayihc mckstrigk`b dy WHZH Ithiagih

>=29< \`aityihc b`agv`r`b dy WHZH \`aitgih

>>>: Rsgb`egyihc rgjht`cus-WHZH _`b`egih

>82> Rs`phikyihc hgbb`k dy WHZH _`phikgih>782 Yushiyihc `ktripp`b-WHZH Eushigih

:=20 T`mhidyihc `kairj`b-WHZH T`hidgih

:240 T`fiayihc WHZH his d`b`me`b T`fiagih

:>20 ]h`dikyihc prcsp`r`b-WHZH ]h`dikgih

:7=0 ]h`eikyihc acbjgkj-WHZH ]h`mikgih

8

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb 90

=

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb 9>

H`dr`ws a`tt`rs w`r` triksn`rr`b `ximtay is th`y ipp`ir`b gk th` H`dr`w Cab

R`stif`kt? HZhW. ]`v`ria gkstikm`s hiv` d``k ncukb gk th` B`ib ]`i ]mrcaas.

Cth`r Jr``e Cab R`stif`kt fikusmrgpts us` Jr``e a`tt`rs ncr th` kif` WHZH

thit gs gkt`kb`b tc scukb th` sif` is th` H`dr`w a`tt`rs. Gk cth`r wcrbs, th` wrgt`rs

k`v`r triksait`b th` kif` gktc i Jr``e kif`, kcr bgb th`y wrgt` gk H`dr`w, dut

itt`fpt`b tc triksgat`rit` th` scukb cn th` kif` WHZH usgkj Jr``e a`tt`rs.

H`dr`w Ikb gn hgs cnn`rgkj gs i jcit, th`k h` shiaa drgkj gt d`ncr` WHZH.

Jr``e Ikb gn hgs cnn`rgkj gs i jcit, th`k h` shiaa drgkj gt d`ncr` GIC.

Ngjur` =? A`vgtgmus =?94 gk Jr``e wgth th` kif` GIC, 4

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FIKP]MTG\R IKB RH@CACJW ]RPBW CN WHZH Aikencrb 9:

cr `kmymacp`bgi wgth ik irtgma` ck th` H`dr`w a`tt`r Wcbh, wh gmh gs W. Mcksgb`r thit

th` G-I tcj`th`r ncrfs i WI scukb. Rhgs G-I-Cgk Jr``e mcf`s tcj`th`r tc ncrf th`

scukb WI-C. Rhgs Jr``e sp`aagkj gs ik immurit` itt`fpt tc prckcukm` th` H`dr`w

a`tt`rs ZhW, Wihc.Kctgm` thit thgs shcrt kif` Wihc imtuiaay r`paim`s th` nuaa Kif`

gk scf` mis`s. Br. Tcd`rt I. Erint, prcn`sscr `f`rgtus cn r`agjgcus stubg`s it th`

Pkgv`rsgty cn \`kksyavikgi, mckngrfs thgs usij` cn Wihc is i shcrt kif` cn th`

Mr`itcr. Rhgs mik d` ncukb ck hgs w`dsgt` b`vct`b tc r`pr`s`ktitgcks cn th` kif`

(t`trijriffitck)gk `iray wrgtgkjs. Rhgs shcrt kif` b`fgkgsh`s th` ngkia -ih gk th`

kif` Wihcih/Wihwih, oust is gk th` th`cphcrgm usij` cn th` Kif` gk fcr` thik 8