Map Guide to Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Foraging Areas Located in Proximity

to Basking Sites in the Hawaiian Islands

Data mapping product by NOAA-PIFSC Marine Turtle Assessment and Biology Program

by Denise Parker and George Balazs

September 2016

Numerous other foraging areas used by green turtles occur throughout the Hawaiian Islands that are not displayed on these maps.

Relevant References in Chronological Order:

Balazs, G. H. 1980. Synopsis of biological data on the green turtle in the Hawaiian Islands. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SWFC-7 and University of Hawaii Sea Grant Cooperative Report UNIHI-SEAGRANT CR-81-02, 141 p.

Whittow, G. C. and G.H. Balazs. 1982. Basking behavior of the Hawaiian green turtle (Chelonia mydas). Pac. Sci. 36(2):129-139.

Whittow, G. C. and G.H. Balazs. 1985. The thermal ecology of basking green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Natl. Geogr. Res. Rep., 1977 projects, p. 789-796.

Balazs, G. H., R. G. Forsyth, and A. K. H. Kam. 1987. Preliminary assessment of habitat utilization by Hawaiian green turtles in their resident foraging pastures. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SWFSC-71, 107 p.

Balazs, G. H. 1996. Behavioral changes within the recovering Hawaiian green turtle population. In J.A. Keinath, D.E. Barnard, J.A. Musick, and B.A. Bell (comps.), Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, February 20-25, 1995, Hilton Head, South Carolina, p. 16-21. U.S. Dep. Commer. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-387.

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Davis, E. E., M. R. Rice, K. A. Harrington, and G.H. Balazs. 2000. Green turtle diving and foraging patterns at Puako, Hawaii. In H. Kalb and T. Wibbels (comps.), Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, March 2-6, 1999, South Padre Island, Texas, p. 153-154. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-443.

Rice, M. R., G.H. Balazs, L. Hallacher, W. Dudley, G. Watson, K. Krusell, and B. Larson. 2000. Diving, basking and foraging patterns of a sub-adult green turtle at Punalu’u, Hawaii. In F.A. Abreu-Grobois, R. Briseño-Dueñas, R. Márquez-Millán, and L. Sarti-Martínez (comps.), Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Sea Turtle Symposium, March 3-7, 1998, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México, p. 229-231. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-436.

Bennett, P. A., U. Keuper-Bennett, and G.H. Balazs. 2002. Remigration and residency of Hawaiian green turtles in coastal waters of Honokowai, West Maui, Hawaii. In A. Mosier, A. Foley, and B. Brost (comps.), Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, February 29-March 4, 2000, Orlando, Florida, p. 289-290. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-477.

Rice, M. R., G.H. Balazs, D. K. Kopra, and G. C. Whittow. 2002. Ecology and behavior of green turtles basking at Kiholo Bay, Hawaii. In A. Mosier, A. Foley, and B. Brost (comps.), Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, February 29-March 4, 2000, Orlando, Florida, p. 153-155. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-477.

Quaintance, J. K., M. R. Rice, and G.H. Balazs. 2003. Basking, foraging, and resting behavior of two sub-adult green turtles in Kiholo Bay Lagoon, Hawaii. In J.A. Seminoff (comp.), Proceedings of the Twenty-second Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, April 4-7, 2002, Miami, Florida, p. 225-226. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-503.

Balazs, G. H. and M. Chaloupka. 2004. Thirty-year recovery trend in the once depleted Hawaiian green sea turtle stock. Biological Conservation 117(2004):491-498.

Balazs, G. H. and M. Chaloupka. 2004. Spatial and temporal variability in somatic growth of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) resident in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Mar. Biol. 145:1043-1059.

Balazs, G. H., M. R. Rice, N. Hoffman, S. K. K. Murakawa, D. M. Parker, and R. J. Shallenberger. 2005. Green turtle foraging and resting habitats at Midway Atoll: Significant findings over 25 years, 1975-2000. In M.S. Coyne and R.D. Clark (comps.), Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, February 24-28, 2001, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, p. 102-104. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-528.

Quaintance, J. K., M. R. Rice, and G.H. Balazs. 2005. Monitoring sea turtle basking behavior with remote video cameras. In M.S. Coyne and R.D. Clark (comps.), Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, February 24-28, 2001, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, p. 282-283. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA. Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-528.

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Rice, M. R., G.H. Balazs, and D. Zatz. 2005. Seaturtlecam: Live interactive video feed of basking Hawaiian green turtles. In M.S. Coyne and R.D. Clark (comps.), Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, February 24-28, 2001, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, p. 297-298. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA. Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-528.

Arthur, K. and G.H. Balazs. 2008. A comparison of immature green turtle (Chelonia mydas) diets among seven sites in the main Hawaiian islands. Pac. Sci. 62(2):205-217.

Rice, M. R. and G.H. Balazs. 2008. Diving behavior of the Hawaiian green turtle (Chelonia mydas) during oceanic migrations. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 356(1-2):121-127.

Russell, D. F. and G.H. Balazs. 2009. Dietary shifts by green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Kane‛ohe Bay region of the Hawaiian Islands: A 28-year study. Pac. Sci. 63(2):181-192.

Van Houtan, K. S., S. K. Hargrove, G.H. Balazs. 2010. Land use, macroalgae, and a tumor-forming disease in marine turtles. PLoS ONE 5(9):e12900, 9p.

Wabnitz, G. Balazs, S. Beavers, K. A. Bjorndal, A. B. Bolten, V. Christensen, S. Hargrove, and D. Pauly. 2010. Ecosystem structure and processes at Kaloko Honokōhau, focusing on the role of herbivores, including the green sea turtle Chelonia mydas, in reef resilience. Mar. Ecol.Prog. Ser. 420:27-44.

Rice, M. and G. Balazs. 2011. Survey of basking green turtles at Midway Atoll. In T.T. Jones and B.P. Wallace (comps.), Proceedings of the Thirty-first Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, April 10-16, 2011, San Diego, California, p. 171. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-631.

Francke, D., S.A. Hargrove, E.W. Vetter, C.D. Winn, G.H. Balazs, K.D. Hyrenbach. 2013. Behavior of juvenile green turtles in a coastal neritic habitat: Validating time-depth-temperature records using visual observations. JEMBE. 444: 55-65.

Parker, D.M., Balazs G.H. and 23 other agencies and individuals. 2015. Map guide to marine turtle nesting and basking in the Hawaiian Islands. NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Marine Turtle Biology and Assessment Program Internal Report. Honolulu, HI. Data Provided 20 October 2014. Provider Website: https://pifsc-www.irc.noaa.gov/marine_turtle/ (Site Accessed 8 June 2016)

Roberson, K., M.S. Kendall, D. Parker, and S. Murakawa. 2016. pp. 197-226. In: B.M. Costa and M.S. Kendall (eds.), Marine Biogeographic Assessment of the Main Hawaiian Islands. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. OCS Study BOEM 2016-035 and NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 214. 359 pp.

Balazs, G.H., D.M. Parker, M.A. Rice. In Review. Ocean pathways and residential foraging locations for satellite tracked green turtles breeding at French Frigate Shoals in the Hawaiian Islands. Chelonian Conservation and Biology.

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Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging locations recorded proximal to basking locations on the Island of Hawai’i

PLACE NAME LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Honaunau 19° 25.3’ 155° 54.7’ Kahalu’u 19° 34.8’ 155° 58.0’ Kona Tennis Club 19° 37.8’ 155° 59.4’ Kaloko-Honokohau 19° 40.3’ 156° 1.6’ Makalawena 19° 47.5’ 156° 1.6’ Hualalai North Resort 19° 49.3’ 155° 59.8’ Kona Village 19° 49.9’ 155° 58.1’ Kiholo 19° 51.6’ 155° 55.4’ Waikoloa 19° 55.5’ 155° 53.3’ Mauna Lani 19° 56.6’ 155° 52.2’ Orchid Hotel 19° 57.1’ 155° 51.7’ Puako 19° 57.8’ 155° 51.3’ CarlSmith Park (4-mile) 19° 44.0’ 155° 1.7’ Leleiwi Park (Waiuli, Wai’olena)

19° 44.1’ 155° 0.8’

Ha’ena (Shipman) 19° 38.5’ 154° 58.6’ Pohoiki 19° 27.4 154° 50.5’ Kamehame 19° 8.7’ 155° 28.1’ Punalu’u 19° 8.1 155° 30.3’ Koloa 19° 7.6’ 155° 30.7’

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Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging locations recorded proximal to basking locations in Maui County

PLACE NAME LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Moloka’i Kawa’aloa 21° 11.9’ 157° 9.2’ Lana’i White Stone 20° 53.7’ 156° 52.4’ Federation Camp 20° 54.7’ 156° 53.8’ Maui Mokuha (Fishbowl) 20° 36.0’ 156° 26.2’ Makena Landing/5 caves 20° 39.4’ 156° 26.5’ Honokowai 20° 57.3’ 156° 41.2’ Pohaku Park (S-Turns) 20° 58.0’ 156° 40.9’ Kahana Villa Resort 20° 58.1’ 156° 40.8’ Napili (Honolani) 20° 58.4 156° 40.7’ Haukoe (Hale Malia Rd) 20° 59.2’ 156° 40.3’ Alaeloa 20° 59.3’ 156° 40.2’ Waihe’e 20° 57’ 156° 30.7’ Ho’okipa 20° 56.0’ 156° 21.5’

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Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging locations recorded proximal to basking locations on O’ahu

PLACE NAME LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Paradise Cove (Ko Olina) 21° 20.5’ 158° 7.7’ Aki’s Cove 21° 28.1’ 158° 13.0’ Mokule’ia 21° 34.8’ 158° 9.1’ Aweoweo Beach Park 21° 35.0’ 158° 8.4’ Kaiaka Beach 21° 35.3’ 158° 7.0’ Haleiwa Ali’i Beach Park 21° 35.6’ 158° 6.6’ Anahulu River 21° 35.7’ 158° 6.3’ Pua’ena Point 21° 36.1’ 158° 6.4’ Papailoa 21° 36.8’ 158° 5.6’ Laniakea 21° 37.1’ 158° 5.1’ Chun’s Reef 21° 37.3’ 158° 4.9’ Pohaku Loa Way 21° 37.7’ 158° 5.0’ Alligator Rock 21° 37.8’ 158° 4.4’ Kawela Bay 21° 41.7’ 158° 0.7’ Turtle Bay 21° 42.3’ 157° 59.8’ Kahuku 21° 41.1’ 157° 56.7’ Hau’ula 21° 36.7’ 157° 54.6’ Moli’i 21° 30.4’ 157° 50.8’ Kawainui Canal 21° 25.5’ 157° 44.6’ Manana 21° 19.7’ 157° 39.6’

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Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging locations recorded proximal to basking locations on Kaua’i

PLACE NAME LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Nukumoi, Poipu 21° 52.3’ 159° 27.3’ Nohili (PMRF) 22° 3.8’ 159° 47.0’ Miloli’i 22° 9.1’ 159° 43.1’ Nu’alolo Kai 22° 9.5’ 159° 42.0’ Hanalei 22° 12.8’ 159° 29.8’ Kaweonui 22° 13.7’ 159° 28.7’ Makapili (Crater Hill) 22° 13.5’ 159° 23.8’ Moloa’a 22° 11.6’ 159° 20.0’

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Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging locations

Recorded in proximity to basking locations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

PLACE NAME LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Nihoa 23° 23.5’ 161° 55.5’ Necker 23° 35.0’ 164° 42.0’ Gardener Pinnacle 25° 1.0’ 167° 59.0’ Maro Reef 25° 25.0’ 170° 35.0’ Laysan 25° 50.0’ 171° 50.0’ Lisianski 26° 2.0’ 174° 0.0’ Pearl and Hermes 27° 55.0’ 175° 45.0’ Midway 28° 13.0’ 177° 22.6’ Kure 28° 25.0’ 178° 25.0’