Mapping and creation of detail database of mining and metallurgical activities and disposal sites in...

Mapping and creation of detail Mapping and creation of detail database of mining and metallurgical database of mining and metallurgical

activities and disposal sites activities and disposal sites in R. MACEDONIAin R. MACEDONIA

Faculty of Technology&metallurgyFaculty of Technology&metallurgyUniversity “St’s Cyril & Methodius, SkopjeUniversity “St’s Cyril & Methodius, Skopje

S C O P ES C O P E1.1.MAP OF THE REGION AND THE MAP OF THE REGION AND THE

OBSERVED POINTS IN R. MACEDONIAOBSERVED POINTS IN R. MACEDONIA

2. CREATION OF DATABASE FOR2. CREATION OF DATABASE FOR RAW MATERIALSRAW MATERIALS PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTION AND USED TECHNOLOGIESUSED TECHNOLOGIES

3. WASTES AND DISPOSAL SITES3. WASTES AND DISPOSAL SITES

REGION – REGION – SUBJECT OF SUBJECT OF INTEREST OF INTEREST OF PREWARCPREWARC

1. FENI INDUSTRY, Kavadarci1. FENI INDUSTRY, Kavadarci2. MAKSTIL, Skopje2. MAKSTIL, Skopje3. SILMAK, Jegunovce3. SILMAK, Jegunovce4. BUČIM, Radoviš4. BUČIM, Radoviš5. SASA, Makedonska Kamenica5. SASA, Makedonska Kamenica6. TORANICA, Kriva Palanka6. TORANICA, Kriva Palanka7. ZLETOVO, Probištip7. ZLETOVO, Probištip8. THERMAL POWER PLANT BITOLA, 8. THERMAL POWER PLANT BITOLA, BitolaBitola9. THERMAL POWER PLANT OSLOMEJ, 9. THERMAL POWER PLANT OSLOMEJ, KičevoKičevo

Points of Interest Points of Interest in R. Macedonia in R. Macedonia

Metallurgical IndustryMetallurgical Industry

Name of Name of industryindustry Raw materialRaw material Type of Type of

productionproduction t/yeart/year

FENI FENI

INDUSTRY, INDUSTRY,

KavadarciKavadarci

Laterite oresLaterite ores FeNiFeNi No dataNo data

MAKSTIL, MAKSTIL,

SkopjeSkopje

Scrap ironScrap iron

Aditives (anthracite, FeMn, Aditives (anthracite, FeMn,

FeSi, SiMn, Al, lime, FeSi, SiMn, Al, lime,

dolomite, fluorite)dolomite, fluorite)

Steel thick plateSteel thick plate 320 000320 000

SILMAK, SILMAK,

JegunovceJegunovce

Quarz and quarziteQuarz and quarzite

Hard coal, ligniteHard coal, lignite

Fe-oxidesFe-oxides

Electrode massElectrode mass

FeSiFeSi

Si metalSi metal

64 80064 800

3 0003 000

MiningMining

Name of industryName of industry Raw materialRaw material Type of Type of productionproduction t/yeart/year

BUČIM, RadovišBUČIM, Radoviš

Cu sulphide ore Cu sulphide ore

(CuFeS(CuFeS2,2, Cu Cu22S, PbS, S, PbS,

CuS, FeSCuS, FeS22))

Cu-concentrateCu-concentrate

(20(20÷25% Cu)÷25% Cu)30 00030 000

SASA, Makedonska SASA, Makedonska

KamenicaKamenica

Pb Pb sulphidesulphide ore ore

(PbS, (PbS, FeSFeS22, ZnS), ZnS)

Collective Collective concentrate concentrate

(Pb- (Pb-concentrate +concentrate +

Zn Zn concentrate)concentrate)

60 00060 000

TORANICA, Kriva TORANICA, Kriva

PalankaPalanka

Pb Pb sulphidesulphide ore ore


Pb-concentratePb-concentrate30 00030 000

ZLETOVO, ProbištipZLETOVO, ProbištipPb Pb sulphidesulphide ore ore


Pb-concentratePb-concentrate

(40(40÷60% Pb÷60% Pb))40 00040 000

Thermal Power Thermal Power PlantsPlants

Name of industryName of industry Raw Raw materialmaterial

Type of Type of productionproduction GWh/yearGWh/year

TPP BITOLA, BitolaTPP BITOLA, BitolaLigniteLignite

Crude oilCrude oil

Electric Electric powerpower 4603.34603.3

TPP OSLOMEJ, TPP OSLOMEJ,

KičevoKičevo

CoalCoal

Crude oilCrude oil

Electric Electric powerpower 700700

USED TECHNOLOGYUSED TECHNOLOGYMetallurgical IndustryMetallurgical Industry

FENI INDUSTRY, FENI INDUSTRY,

KavadarciKavadarci

Crushing, drying, milling, Crushing, drying, milling, pelletization, rotary kiln, rotary pelletization, rotary kiln, rotary furnace, electric arc furnace, furnace, electric arc furnace, converter, holding furnace, converter, holding furnace, castingcasting

MAKSTIL, SkopjeMAKSTIL, Skopje Electric arc furnace, ladle Electric arc furnace, ladle furnace, heating furnace, furnace, heating furnace, continuous castingcontinuous casting

SILMAK, JegunovceSILMAK, Jegunovce Crushing, electric arc furnace, Crushing, electric arc furnace, washingwashing

MiningMining

BUČIM, RadovišBUČIM, Radoviš Crushing, milling, conditioning, Crushing, milling, conditioning, aeration, flotation, dryingaeration, flotation, drying

SASA, Makedonska SASA, Makedonska

KamenicaKamenica

Crushing, milling, conditioning, Crushing, milling, conditioning, aeration, flotation, dryingaeration, flotation, drying

TORANICA, Kriva TORANICA, Kriva

PalankaPalanka

Crushing, milling, conditioning, Crushing, milling, conditioning, aeration, flotation, dryingaeration, flotation, drying

ZLETOVO, ProbištipZLETOVO, Probištip Crushing, milling, conditioning, Crushing, milling, conditioning, aeration, flotation, dryingaeration, flotation, drying

Thermal Power PlantsThermal Power Plants

TPP BITOLA, BitolaTPP BITOLA, Bitola Represented by three units, where each Represented by three units, where each is consisted of main installation building is consisted of main installation building encompassing: boiler, turbine and encompassing: boiler, turbine and generator and their accessory generator and their accessory equipment, as well as starting boiler equipment, as well as starting boiler house, electric filter, stack, smoke house, electric filter, stack, smoke ventilators, cooling tower, circulation ventilators, cooling tower, circulation pumping station, capacitor, water pumping station, capacitor, water softening plant, crude oil station, oil softening plant, crude oil station, oil station, etc.station, etc.

TPP OSLOMEJ, KičevoTPP OSLOMEJ, Kičevo Represented by one unit, consisted of: Represented by one unit, consisted of: steam boiler (380t/h capacity), steam steam boiler (380t/h capacity), steam turbine (125 MW rated power), generator turbine (125 MW rated power), generator (120 MW rated power) and one cooling (120 MW rated power) and one cooling tower.tower.

WASTESWASTESFENI INDUSTRYFENI INDUSTRY

typetype DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION 000 t/year000 t/year COMPOSITION (mg/kg)COMPOSITION (mg/kg)

solidsolid

Slag from EAFSlag from EAF

Slag from CRSlag from CR

Dust from ODDust from OD

Dust from RK/first lineDust from RK/first line

Dust from RK/second lineDust from RK/second line

Dust from RF/first chanelDust from RF/first chanel

Dust from RF/second Dust from RF/second chanelchanel

Dust from CRDust from CR

22002200

0.01990.0199

0.2330.233

0.0390.039

0.0570.057

0.0320.032

0.0020.002

*38-40 FeO*38-40 FeO

2.5 CaO2.5 CaO

15-16 MgO15-16 MgO

2.5 Al2.5 Al22OO33

2 Cr2 Cr22OO33

38-39 SiO38-39 SiO22

<0.07 Ni<0.07 Ni

liquidliquid

Leachates from EAF slagLeachates from EAF slag

Leachates from CR slagLeachates from CR slag

7.098 Ni and 0.122 Co at pH47.098 Ni and 0.122 Co at pH4

0.0426 Ni and <0.02 Co at pH70.0426 Ni and <0.02 Co at pH7



gasgas

Gas from heavy fuelGas from heavy fuel

Gas from ODGas from OD

Gas from RK/first lineGas from RK/first line

Gas from RK/second lineGas from RK/second line

Gas from RF/first channelGas from RF/first channel

Gas from RF/second Gas from RF/second channelchannel

Gas from CRGas from CR

11.4% O11.4% O22, 7.2% CO, 7.2% CO2, 2, 88 651 kg/y CO, 80 592 kg/y 88 651 kg/y CO, 80 592 kg/y SOSO22, 80 592 kg/y NO, 80 592 kg/y NOxx

20.5% O20.5% O22, 0.65% CO, 0.65% CO2, 2, 3 136.3kg/y CO, 1188kg/y 3 136.3kg/y CO, 1188kg/y SOSO22, 435.6 kg/y NO, 435.6 kg/y NOxx

19.4% O19.4% O22, 1.1% CO, 1.1% CO2, 2, 109 508 kg/y CO, 338 183.2 109 508 kg/y CO, 338 183.2 kg/y SOkg/y SO22, 51 304.5 kg/y NO, 51 304.5 kg/y NOxx

16.7% O16.7% O22, 2.8% CO, 2.8% CO2, 2, 238 570.5 kg/y CO,256 058.7 238 570.5 kg/y CO,256 058.7 kg/y SOkg/y SO22, 234 916.2 kg/y NO, 234 916.2 kg/y NOxx

16% O16% O22, 3.9% CO, 3.9% CO2, 2, 26 316.2 kg/y CO, 153 474 kg/y 26 316.2 kg/y CO, 153 474 kg/y SOSO22, 17 232.7 kg/y NO, 17 232.7 kg/y NOxx

14.3% O14.3% O22, 4.5% CO, 4.5% CO2, 2, 4 891.6 kg/y CO, 5 015.1 kg/y 4 891.6 kg/y CO, 5 015.1 kg/y SOSO22, 12 556.2 kg/y NO, 12 556.2 kg/y NOxx

19.8% O19.8% O22, 0.7% CO, 0.7% CO2, 2, 5 628.4 kg/y CO, 474.2 kg/y 5 628.4 kg/y CO, 474.2 kg/y SOSO22, 249.6 kg/y NO, 249.6 kg/y NOxx

*regards to slag from EAF and CR

MAKSTILMAKSTIL


solidsolid

Slag from EAFSlag from EAF

Slag from LFSlag from LF

Filter dustFilter dust

Fe-oxides from the still Fe-oxides from the still millmill

and the rolling milland the rolling mill

35.635.6

66

7.47.4

15-20 SiO15-20 SiO22, 35-40 CaO, 7-9 MgO, 5-6 Al, 35-40 CaO, 7-9 MgO, 5-6 Al22OO33, 20-25 , 20-25 FeO, 6-8 MnOFeO, 6-8 MnO

30-40 Fe30-40 Fe22OO33, 4-5 SiO, 4-5 SiO22, 10 MgO, 10 MnO, 1-4 Al, 10 MgO, 10 MnO, 1-4 Al22OO33, , 6-10 ZnO, 2-4 PbO, 0.6-1 S6-10 ZnO, 2-4 PbO, 0.6-1 S

FeO, FeFeO, Fe22OO33, Fe, Fe33OO44, Fe total = 62.9, Fe total = 62.9

liquidliquid Leachates from EAF slagLeachates from EAF slag

1978 Pb,1978 Pb,

7648 Zn and 7648 Zn and

5.44 Cu at pH45.44 Cu at pH4

1331 Pb,1331 Pb,

0.242 Zn and 0.242 Zn and

<0.02 Cu at pH7<0.02 Cu at pH7



gasgas

Gas from EAF and LFGas from EAF and LF

Gas from HeFGas from HeF

3567 3567 NmNm33/day/day

1.2% CO1.2% CO22, ,

93.5 mg/Nm93.5 mg/Nm33 CO, CO,

20.21 mg/Nm20.21 mg/Nm33 SO SO22, ,

78.8 mg/Nm78.8 mg/Nm33 NO NOxx

6 000 t/year dust6 000 t/year dust

3.7% CO3.7% CO22, ,

184 mg/Nm184 mg/Nm33 CO, CO,

369 mg/Nm369 mg/Nm33 NO NOxx

6 000 t/year dust6 000 t/year dust


solidsolidThere is no creation There is no creation of slag.of slag.

liquidliquid

gasgas

Gas from EAF1Gas from EAF1







mm33/day/day

3 0003 000

31923192

35283528

18721872

46084608

12961296

12481248

1.5-2% CO1.5-2% CO22, 0.0001% SO, 0.0001% SO22, ,

1.5-2% CO1.5-2% CO22, 0.0001% SO, 0.0001% SO22, ,

1.5-2% CO1.5-2% CO22, 0.0001% SO, 0.0001% SO22, ,

1.5-2% CO1.5-2% CO22, 0.0001% SO, 0.0001% SO22, ,

1.5-2% CO1.5-2% CO22, 0.0001% SO, 0.0001% SO22, ,

1.5-2% CO1.5-2% CO22, 0.0001% SO, 0.0001% SO22, ,

1.5-2% CO1.5-2% CO22, 0.0001% SO, 0.0001% SO22, ,

SILMAKSILMAK

BUBUČIM mineČIM mine

typetype DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION 000 t/year000 t/year COMPOSITION (g/t)COMPOSITION (g/t)

solidsolid

Mine tailingsMine tailings

Flotation tailingsFlotation tailings 196196

0.12%Cu0.12%Cu

0.04% Cu, <0.3 Ag, <0.3 Au, <0.4 As, 10-0.04% Cu, <0.3 Ag, <0.3 Au, <0.4 As, 10-13%Al13%Al22OO33, 60-70% SiO, 60-70% SiO22, 3-5 Fe, 1-2 Fe, 3-5 Fe, 1-2 Fe33OO44, , 0.8-1.2 S, 4-6 K0.8-1.2 S, 4-6 K22O, 2-3.5 NaO, 2-3.5 Na22O, 1.5-4.5 O, 1.5-4.5 MgO, 1.5-3.5 CaOMgO, 1.5-3.5 CaO

liquidliquid

Leachates from Leachates from tailings sampletailings sample

Sample from ground Sample from ground waterwater

Sample from Sample from underground waterunderground water

0.003 mg/l Cu, 0.000002 mg/l Ag and 0.003 mg/l Cu, 0.000002 mg/l Ag and 0.000001 mg/l As at pH40.000001 mg/l As at pH4

0.004 mg/l Cu and 0.002 mg/l Ag at pH70.004 mg/l Cu and 0.002 mg/l Ag at pH7

0.01 mg/l Pb, 0.2 mg/l Al, 0.05 mg/l Mn, 0.01 mg/l Pb, 0.2 mg/l Al, 0.05 mg/l Mn, 50 mg/l Mg, 250 mg/l SO50 mg/l Mg, 250 mg/l SO44

2-2-, 12 mg/l K, , 12 mg/l K, 0.01 mg/l As, 50 mg/l NO0.01 mg/l As, 50 mg/l NO33

--

0.003 mg/l Cu, <0.002 mg/l Ag and <0.001 0.003 mg/l Cu, <0.002 mg/l Ag and <0.001 mg/l Asmg/l As

gasgas

SASA mineSASA mine


solidsolid


Flotation tailingsFlotation tailings 0.04% Cu, <0.3 Ag, <0.3 Au, <0.4 As, 10-0.04% Cu, <0.3 Ag, <0.3 Au, <0.4 As, 10-13%Al13%Al22OO33, 60-70% SiO, 60-70% SiO22, 3-5 Fe, 1-2 Fe, 3-5 Fe, 1-2 Fe33OO44, , 0.8-1.2 S, 4-6 K0.8-1.2 S, 4-6 K22O, 2-3.5 NaO, 2-3.5 Na22O, 1.5-4.5 O, 1.5-4.5 MgO, 1.5-3.5 CaOMgO, 1.5-3.5 CaO

liquidliquid




44.73 mg/l Pb, 0.39 mg/l Cd, 32.97 mg/l 44.73 mg/l Pb, 0.39 mg/l Cd, 32.97 mg/l Zn, 0.0052 mg/l As, 0.006 mg/l Sb, 30.94 Zn, 0.0052 mg/l As, 0.006 mg/l Sb, 30.94 mg/l Mn and <0.03 mg/l CNmg/l Mn and <0.03 mg/l CN-- at pH4 at pH4

0.0027 mg/l Pb, 0.0026 mg/l Cd, 0.014 0.0027 mg/l Pb, 0.0026 mg/l Cd, 0.014 mg/l Zn, <0.001 mg/l As, 0.0005 mg/l Sb, mg/l Zn, <0.001 mg/l As, 0.0005 mg/l Sb, 0.07 mg/l Mn and <0.00003 mg/l CN0.07 mg/l Mn and <0.00003 mg/l CN-- at at pH7pH7

0.0027 mg/l Pb, 0.0002 mg/l Cd, 0.052 0.0027 mg/l Pb, 0.0002 mg/l Cd, 0.052 mg/l Zn, <0.0016 mg/l As, <0.0005 mg/l mg/l Zn, <0.0016 mg/l As, <0.0005 mg/l Sb, 0.112 mg/l Mn and 3.077 mg/l Total Sb, 0.112 mg/l Mn and 3.077 mg/l Total Organic CarbonOrganic Carbon

No dataNo data

gasgas

TORANICA mineTORANICA mine


solidsolid


Flotation tailingsFlotation tailings

Dust from the Dust from the crushingcrushing

0.04% Cu, <0.3 Ag, <0.3 Au, <0.4 As, 10-0.04% Cu, <0.3 Ag, <0.3 Au, <0.4 As, 10-13%Al13%Al22OO33, 60-70% SiO, 60-70% SiO22, 3-5 Fe, 1-2 Fe, 3-5 Fe, 1-2 Fe33OO44, , 0.8-1.2 S, 4-6 K0.8-1.2 S, 4-6 K22O, 2-3.5 NaO, 2-3.5 Na22O, 1.5-4.5 O, 1.5-4.5 MgO, 1.5-3.5 CaOMgO, 1.5-3.5 CaO

681 Cu, 69.5 As, 118 Cd, 48.7 Ni, 25 400 681 Cu, 69.5 As, 118 Cd, 48.7 Ni, 25 400 Pb and 17 400 ZnPb and 17 400 Zn

liquidliquid



0.011 mg/l Pb, 0.00014 mg/l Cd, 0.006 0.011 mg/l Pb, 0.00014 mg/l Cd, 0.006 mg/l Zn, 0.000001 mg/l As, 0.000003 mg/l mg/l Zn, 0.000001 mg/l As, 0.000003 mg/l Sb, 0.034 mg/l Mn and <0.00003 mg/l CNSb, 0.034 mg/l Mn and <0.00003 mg/l CN-- at pH4at pH4

0.0018 mg/l Pb, 0.0006 mg/l Cd, 0.012 0.0018 mg/l Pb, 0.0006 mg/l Cd, 0.012 mg/l Zn, <0.001 mg/l As, 0.024 mg/l Sb, mg/l Zn, <0.001 mg/l As, 0.024 mg/l Sb, 0.02 mg/l Mn and <0.00003 mg/l CN0.02 mg/l Mn and <0.00003 mg/l CN-- at at pH7pH7

0.0009 mg/l Pb, 0.00015 mg/l Cd, 0.0136 0.0009 mg/l Pb, 0.00015 mg/l Cd, 0.0136 mg/l Zn, <0.001 mg/l As, <0.0005 mg/l Sb, mg/l Zn, <0.001 mg/l As, <0.0005 mg/l Sb, <0.011 mg/l Mn and 0.00144 mg/l Total <0.011 mg/l Mn and 0.00144 mg/l Total Organic CarbonOrganic Carbon

gasgas

ZLETOVO mineZLETOVO mine

typetypeDESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION 000 000

t/yeart/year COMPOSITION (g/t)COMPOSITION (g/t)

solidsolid


Flotation tailingsFlotation tailings

Dust from primary Dust from primary crusherscrushers

0.04% Cu, <0.3 Ag, <0.3 Au, <0.4 As, 10-0.04% Cu, <0.3 Ag, <0.3 Au, <0.4 As, 10-13%Al13%Al22OO33, 60-70% SiO, 60-70% SiO22, 3-5 Fe, 1-2 Fe, 3-5 Fe, 1-2 Fe33OO44, 0.8-, 0.8-1.2 S, 4-6 K1.2 S, 4-6 K22O, 2-3.5 NaO, 2-3.5 Na22O, 1.5-4.5 MgO, 1.5-O, 1.5-4.5 MgO, 1.5-3.5 CaO3.5 CaO

354 Cu, 169 As, 86 Cd, <10.1 Ni, 14 800 Pb 354 Cu, 169 As, 86 Cd, <10.1 Ni, 14 800 Pb and 16 400 Znand 16 400 Zn

liquidliquid




0.0046 mg/l Pb, 0.000096 mg/l Cd, 0.0158 0.0046 mg/l Pb, 0.000096 mg/l Cd, 0.0158 mg/l Zn, <0.000001 mg/l As, 0.000004 mg/l mg/l Zn, <0.000001 mg/l As, 0.000004 mg/l Sb, 0.04 mg/l Mn and <0.00003 mg/l CNSb, 0.04 mg/l Mn and <0.00003 mg/l CN-- at at pH4pH4

<0.001 mg/l Pb, 0.0001 mg/l Cd, 0.018 mg/l <0.001 mg/l Pb, 0.0001 mg/l Cd, 0.018 mg/l Zn, <0.001 mg/l As, 0.0278 mg/l Sb, 0.0948 Zn, <0.001 mg/l As, 0.0278 mg/l Sb, 0.0948 mg/l Mn and <0.00003 mg/l CNmg/l Mn and <0.00003 mg/l CN-- at pH7 at pH7

0.0008 mg/l Pb, 0.0009 mg/l Cd, 0.042 mg/l 0.0008 mg/l Pb, 0.0009 mg/l Cd, 0.042 mg/l Zn, <0.001 mg/l As, <0.0005 mg/l Sb, 4.65 Zn, <0.001 mg/l As, <0.0005 mg/l Sb, 4.65 mg/l Mn and 2.608 mg/l Total Organic Carbonmg/l Mn and 2.608 mg/l Total Organic Carbon

0.0008 mg/l Pb, 0.0015 mg/l Cd, 0.55 mg/l Zn, 0.0008 mg/l Pb, 0.0015 mg/l Cd, 0.55 mg/l Zn, 0.0063 mg/l As, <0.0005 mg/l Sb, 0.02 mg/l 0.0063 mg/l As, <0.0005 mg/l Sb, 0.02 mg/l Mn and 3.8 mg/l Total Organic CarbonMn and 3.8 mg/l Total Organic Carbon

gasgas

TPP BITOLATPP BITOLA


solidsolid

SlagSlag

Fly AshFly Ash780780

49.82 SiO49.82 SiO22, 7.95 Fe, 7.95 Fe22OO33, 19.41 Al, 19.41 Al22OO33, 8.57 CaO, , 8.57 CaO, 2.89 MgO, 0.54 P2.89 MgO, 0.54 P22OO55, 1.38 TiO, 1.38 TiO22, 0.77 Na, 0.77 Na22OO

53.46 SiO53.46 SiO22, 7.14 Fe, 7.14 Fe22OO33, 19.36 Al, 19.36 Al22OO33, 6.31 CaO, , 6.31 CaO, 2.13 MgO, 0.41 P2.13 MgO, 0.41 P22OO55, 0.94 TiO, 0.94 TiO22, 0.76 Na, 0.76 Na22O, O, 1.82 K1.82 K22OO

liquidliquid Leachates from Leachates from fly ashfly ash

0.632 mg/kg Cd, 0.5 mg/kg Cr, 0.58 mg/kg Cu, 0.632 mg/kg Cd, 0.5 mg/kg Cr, 0.58 mg/kg Cu, 4.62 mg/kg Ni, 7.8 mg/kg Pb, 6.32 mg/kg Zn, 4.62 mg/kg Ni, 7.8 mg/kg Pb, 6.32 mg/kg Zn, <0.002 mg/kg Hg, 0.094 mg/kg As at pH4<0.002 mg/kg Hg, 0.094 mg/kg As at pH4

0.0029 mg/kg Cd, 0.783 mg/kg Cr,< 0.02 0.0029 mg/kg Cd, 0.783 mg/kg Cr,< 0.02 mg/kg Cu, <0.01 mg/kg Ni, <0.02 mg/kg Pb, mg/kg Cu, <0.01 mg/kg Ni, <0.02 mg/kg Pb, 0.073 mg/kg Zn, <0.002 mg/kg Hg, 0.136 0.073 mg/kg Zn, <0.002 mg/kg Hg, 0.136 mg/kg As at pH7mg/kg As at pH7

gasgas Off gasesOff gases

mm33/day/day

93 623 68893 623 688

kg/hkg/h

68.48 CO, 723 NO68.48 CO, 723 NOxx, 7 647 SO, 7 647 SO22, 238. 7 dust, 238. 7 dust

TPP OSLOMEJTPP OSLOMEJ

typetype DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION 000 t/year000 t/year COMPOSITION (%)COMPOSITION (%)

solidsolid

SlagSlag

Fly AshFly Ash

100-150100-150

55.76 SiO55.76 SiO22, 20.38 Al, 20.38 Al22OO33, 8 Fe, 8 Fe22OO33, 3.79 CaO, , 3.79 CaO, 0.93 MgO, 2.42 K0.93 MgO, 2.42 K22O, 0.86 NaO, 0.86 Na22O, 0.28 TiOO, 0.28 TiO22, , 0.09 P0.09 P22OO55

49-52 SiO49-52 SiO22, 26.4-28.4 Al, 26.4-28.4 Al22OO33, 7.76-10.3 Fe, 7.76-10.3 Fe22OO33, , 4.3-6.8 CaO, 2.1-3.2 MgO, 1.8-2.2 K4.3-6.8 CaO, 2.1-3.2 MgO, 1.8-2.2 K22O, 0.55-1 O, 0.55-1 NaNa22OO

liquidliquid

gasgas Off gasesOff gases

mm33/day/day

18 360 00018 360 000

kg/hkg/h

210 CO, 150 NO210 CO, 150 NOxx, 1 200-1 800 SO, 1 200-1 800 SO22, 38.25 dust, 38.25 dust

DISPOSAL SITESDISPOSAL SITES

FENI INDUSTRYThe waste (slag) is transported in liquid state, after tapping from The waste (slag) is transported in liquid state, after tapping from the Electric arc furnace, by using specialized vehicles for that the Electric arc furnace, by using specialized vehicles for that purpose only, at disposal site which is about 1.5 km from the purpose only, at disposal site which is about 1.5 km from the Electric arc furnace and very close to Crna River. The disposal site Electric arc furnace and very close to Crna River. The disposal site is at the same altitude as the Industry.is at the same altitude as the Industry.

MAKSTILMAKSTILThe slag is cooled after tapping in the Smeltery, and after it is The slag is cooled after tapping in the Smeltery, and after it is being cooled is transported in specialized vehicles, at disposal being cooled is transported in specialized vehicles, at disposal site which is 300 meters from the Electric arc furnace. The dust site which is 300 meters from the Electric arc furnace. The dust from the process, which contains some hazardous elements, is from the process, which contains some hazardous elements, is transported to the same disposal site as the slag.transported to the same disposal site as the slag.

SILMAKSILMAKThere is no creation of slag during the process of Ferrosilicon There is no creation of slag during the process of Ferrosilicon production in Silmak.production in Silmak.

BUČIM mineBUČIM mineLiquid waste tailings are piped to a hydro cyclone on the top Liquid waste tailings are piped to a hydro cyclone on the top of the latest tailings dam. This is employed to separate the of the latest tailings dam. This is employed to separate the larger particles (which are used to extend the steep down-larger particles (which are used to extend the steep down-slope side of the dam), from the finer material which flows slope side of the dam), from the finer material which flows into the upstream tailings lagoon. The surface liquid flows into the upstream tailings lagoon. The surface liquid flows through a collector for discharge in the river below the through a collector for discharge in the river below the tailings dam. tailings dam.

SASA mineSASA mineThe quantity of material in the Sasa mine tailings dam is The quantity of material in the Sasa mine tailings dam is estimated at 13 million tonnes, in total. The material has estimated at 13 million tonnes, in total. The material has been deposited in three stages, these being the Tailings I been deposited in three stages, these being the Tailings I area nearest to the processing buildings from 1968-1971; the area nearest to the processing buildings from 1968-1971; the Tailings II area from 1971-1990; and the Tailings III area Tailings II area from 1971-1990; and the Tailings III area lowest down the valley, from 1990 onwards.lowest down the valley, from 1990 onwards.Like in the case of BuLike in the case of Bučim, the lčim, the liquid waste tailings are piped iquid waste tailings are piped to a hydro cyclone on the top of the tailings dam. to a hydro cyclone on the top of the tailings dam.

TORANICA mineTORANICA mineThe material has been deposited in one stage. Liquid waste The material has been deposited in one stage. Liquid waste tailings are piped some 2 km by gravity to a hydro cyclone on tailings are piped some 2 km by gravity to a hydro cyclone on the top of the tailings dam. The surface liquid flows through the top of the tailings dam. The surface liquid flows through a collector which also collects drainage from along the sides a collector which also collects drainage from along the sides of the tailings and from the “carpet” under the tailings. A of the tailings and from the “carpet” under the tailings. A separate pipe collects drainage from a spring buried under separate pipe collects drainage from a spring buried under the northern end of the tailings. the northern end of the tailings.

ZLETOVO mineZLETOVO mineThe material is deposited in four stages. The newer tailings dam The material is deposited in four stages. The newer tailings dam and lagoon were constructed after an incident in 1975 when the and lagoon were constructed after an incident in 1975 when the previous dam collapsed. Small clay and rock dams have since previous dam collapsed. Small clay and rock dams have since been constructed along the river valley below the new tailings been constructed along the river valley below the new tailings area as a precaution, to assist in reducing downstream pollution if area as a precaution, to assist in reducing downstream pollution if such an incident recurs. The latest regular checks by the mine such an incident recurs. The latest regular checks by the mine staff indicated that the new tailings dam remains satisfactorily staff indicated that the new tailings dam remains satisfactorily stable. stable.

TPP BITOLATPP BITOLAAs part of the system of external transport, two concrete storage As part of the system of external transport, two concrete storage structures are constructed for collection of ashes and slag, so structures are constructed for collection of ashes and slag, so that there is a joint storage structure for blocks 1 and 2, and that there is a joint storage structure for blocks 1 and 2, and separate one for block 3. They are developed as a single separate one for block 3. They are developed as a single structure, internally divided into two parts, one of which is for structure, internally divided into two parts, one of which is for ashes and the other for slag.ashes and the other for slag.The transportation of ashes and slag is carried out by means of a The transportation of ashes and slag is carried out by means of a system of dozers, lines, and disposal and deposition sites. There system of dozers, lines, and disposal and deposition sites. There are three systems for external transportation of ashes and slag in are three systems for external transportation of ashes and slag in TPP Bitola. Ashes and slag from the three blocks are transported TPP Bitola. Ashes and slag from the three blocks are transported through common lines, after which three separate transportation through common lines, after which three separate transportation systems composed of the lines and disposal machines continue.systems composed of the lines and disposal machines continue.The waste is disposed at disposal site which is 3 - 4 km from the The waste is disposed at disposal site which is 3 - 4 km from the TPP, at the same altitude as the TPP.TPP, at the same altitude as the TPP.

TPP OSLOMEJTPP OSLOMEJThe fly ash and the slag travel by conveyor belt to a dump, The fly ash and the slag travel by conveyor belt to a dump, positioned at approximately 100-150 meters higher than the TPP, positioned at approximately 100-150 meters higher than the TPP, that is at 850 meters altitude, which is close to the TPP (at about that is at 850 meters altitude, which is close to the TPP (at about 500 meters from TPP Oslomej).500 meters from TPP Oslomej).

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