MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ONMIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS
AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA
MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON MIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS
AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA
December 2018
Tewabe Yilak
This publication was produced at the request of the National Anti-Trafficking and Smuggling Task force Secretariat
and International Labour Organization by Tewabe Assaye
Copyright © International Labour Organization 2019
First published 2019
Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 2 2, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications.
Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country.
Title: Mapping of stakeholders working on migration and coordination mechanisms at federal level in Ethiopia
Language: English edition
ISBN: 978-92-2-133107-0 (print)
978-92-2-133108-7 (web pdf)
ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data
The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.
The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them.
Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval.
ILO publications and digital products can be obtained through major booksellers and digital distribution platforms, or ordered directly from [email protected]. For more information, visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns or contact [email protected].
Design and layout by the International Training Centre of the ILO, Turin – Italy
mailto:[email protected]://www.ifrro.orgmailto:ilo%40turpin-distribution.com?subject=http://www.ilo.org/publnsmailto:[email protected]
iii
Foreword
There is a growing evidence that outward and inward migration has increased significantly in Ethiopia in recent years. A number of push and pull factors are at interplay for outward migration. The unemployment rate of 17.51 coupled with poverty, family and peer pressure, and low public awareness on the positive and negative aspects of migration has contributed to a strong culture of migration internally and externally. Moreover, advancement of information and communication technology, social networks, better living standards and demand for labour in major destination countries are some of the major pulling factors.
Despite the substantial increase on stakeholders (governmental, non-governmental, United Nations agencies, international organization, civil society and faith-based organization) working in the area of migration at the federal, regional and local level, coordination continue to be a challenge and knowledge of who does what seems to be non-existent. To this end, the ILO in partnership with the National Anti-Trafficking and Smuggling taskforce decided to undertake this assessment “Mapping of stakeholders working on migration and coordination mechanisms at federal level” accompanied by two other reports, which highlights the situation at the regional and woreda level and a summary that highlight the two reports.
Findings of the assessment paints the inadequacy of interventions in migration related issue vis a vis the magnitude of the problems, especially with regards to labour migration and the promotion of regular labour migration routes. The assessment further identified various formal and informal coordination mechanisms available at federal level such as the anti-human trafficking and smuggling taskforce, the refugee coordination group, joint government platforms, UN agencies Migration Group and non-governmental organizations taskforce. The federal level anti-human trafficking and smuggling taskforce has been acknowledged to be better managed at federal level than regional and local level. However, the lack of accountability mechanism have resulted in stakeholders working independently with limited collaboration. Moreover, despite the prominence of the issue there is lack of permanent coordination mechanism for IDPs’. Despite these shortcoming, the assessment has recognized the coordination platform for refugee program as fairly effective and relatively well organized.
It is our belief that the identified best practices will be duplicated to better manage migration and findings as well as detailed contact information available would better inform the Government of Ethiopia as well as stakeholders to improve coordination and collaboration to avoid duplication of effort and fragmentation of resources as well as for better harmonization of approaches and methodologies.
We would like to extend our gratitude to the European Union who is funding the ILO project “Support to the reintegration of returnees in Ethiopia” under which this mapping was undertaken and report produced and the ILO and the National Anti-Trafficking and Smuggling secretariat for technical support that made this assessment possible. Finally, our sincere gratitude goes to all government as well as nongovernmental stakeholders for their technical inputs throughout the process of conducting the mapping.
Berhanu TsegayeAttorney General and
Chair of the National Anti-Trafficking and Smuggling Task Force
Attorney General Office
Alexio MusindoDirector
ILO Country Office for Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan and South Sudan, and for the Special
Representative to the AU and the ECA
1 ILO, Socio-economic assessment in four regions and Addis Ababa city Administration, 2017
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Findings and Conclusions x
1 Background 1
1.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2. Approach and Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3. Limitations of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Mapping of stakeholders and coordination mechanisms at federal level 5
2.1. Mapping of Key Stakeholders that Work on Migration at Federal Level . . . . 5
2.1.1. Government Bodies 5
2.1.2. Intergovernmental, and Bilateral and Multilateral Organizations 16
2.1.3. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 47
2.2. Coordination Mechanisms at Federal/Central Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.2.1. National Anti-Human Trafficking and Smuggling Council and Taskforce 70
2.2.2. Coordination Mechanisms for Refugee Programmes 78
2.2.3. Coordination Mechanism for IDPs 80
2.2.4. Other Coordination Mechanisms 82
ANNEXES
Annex 1: Contact details of key Federal Government stakeholders that work on migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Annex 2: Contact Details of Some UN Agencies and Bilateral and Multilateral Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Annex 3: Accountability Matrix for organizations that work on refugees disaggregated by region/area and sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Annex 4: List of Stakeholders Consulted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON MIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA
vi
List of Tables
Table 1: List of zones and woredas/cities selected in the four bigger regional states and Addis Ababa City Administration for mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table 2: Key Federal Government Bodies and their Mandates/Roles on Migration . . . . . . . . . . 6
Table 3: Mapping of stakeholders that work on/with refugees at different operation camps and areas in 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Table 4: Mapping of Federal Government Bodies Against Key Migration Dimensions. . . . . . . 15
Table 5: Active Programmes/Projects of United Nations Population Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 6: EU Supported Active National Projects in Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Table 7: EU Funded Regional Projects on Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 8: Migration and Related Projects Funded by DFID in Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Table 9: Current Projects Supported by French Embassy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 10: Projects supported by Netherlands Government in Ethiopia and Horn of Africa . . . . 36
Table 11: Programmes and projects funded by the Embassy of Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 12: SINCE Programme Grantees and Co-Beneficiary Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 13: Programmes and projects funded by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 14: Brief profile of the project supported by the Denmark Government in Ethiopia . . . . . 44
Table 15: Mapping of bilateral and intergovernmental organizations that work on migration. . . 46
Table 16: List of NGOs that work on migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 17: Some NGOs that work on labour migration, returnee reintegration and victim assistance, prevention of irregular migration and IDPs and their current projects . . . 50
Table 18: Mapping of some NGOs that work on potential migrants, victims of trafficking, IDPs and returnees disaggregated by intervention thematic areas and target groups . . . . . . 57
Table 19: Mapping of NGOs that work on Refugees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 20: Some NGOs that work on refugees and their intervention areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 21: Coordination Mechanisms for Migration Management Established at Federal/Central Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
vii
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AA Addis Ababa
ACF Action contre La Faim
AHA Africa Humanitarian Action
ANE Action for The Needy in Ethiopia
ARDO Agricultural and Rural Development Office
ARRA Administration for Refugee and Returnee Affairs
ASDAPO Action for Social Development and Environmental Protection Organization
AU Africa Union
AVR Assisted Voluntary Return
BoFED Bureau of Finance and Economic Development
BoLSA Bureau of Labour and Social Affairs
BPRM United States Government Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration
BSRP Building self-reliance program/project
CCRDA Consortium of Christian Relief and Development Association
CETU Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions
CRS Catholic Relief Services
CSO Charities and Societies Organizations
CVT Centre for Victims of Trauma
DCA Dan Church Aid
DEC Development Expertise Center
DfID Department for International Development
DICAC Ethiopian Orthodox Church Development and Interchurch Aid Commission Refugee and Returnee Affairs Department
DRC Danish Refugee Council
E.C Ethiopian Calendar
ECHO European Commission Humanitarian Aid
EECMY Ethiopian Evangelical Church – Mekaneyesus Development and Social service Commission
EHF Ethiopia Humanitarian Aid
EOTC Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church
EPRDF Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front
MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON MIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA
viii
EU European Union
GAIA GAIA Association
GOAL GOAL
GRRA Gambella Rural Road Authority
HoA Horn of Africa
IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on Development
IHS Innovative Humanitarian Solutions
ILO International Labour Organization
IMC International Medical Corps
IOM International Organization for Migration
IPs Implementing Partners
IRC International Rescue Committee
JRS Jesuit Refugee Service
LWF The Lutheran World Federation
MCDO Mother and Child Development Organization
MCMDO Mothers and children Multisectoral Development Organization
MoE Ministry of Education
MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MoFPDA Ministry of Federal and Pastoralist Development Affairs
MoFEC Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation
MoH Ministry of Health
MoLSA Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MSEDA Micro and Small Enterprise Development Agency
MSF-H Médecins Sans Frontières (Holland)
NFI Non-Food Items
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NRC Norwegian Refugee Council
NRDEP Natural Resources Development and Environmental Protection
OICE Opportunities Industrialization Centers Ethiopia
Ops Operation Partners
OSD Organization for Sustainable Development
ix
Acronyms and Abbreviations
OXFAM Oxfam GB
PAPDA Partnership for Pastoralists Development Association
PIE Plan International Ethiopia
PRM Population, Refugees, and Migration
PRS Partner for Refugee Service
PWO Pastoralist Welfare Organization
RaDO Rehabilitation and Development Organization
RED Regional Education Bureau
REH Regional Health Bureau
SCI Save The Children International
SEE Save The Environment Ethiopia
SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
SINCE Stemming Irregular Migration in Northern and Central Ethiopia Programme
SNNPR Southern Nations and Nationalities and Peoples Region
TIP Trafficking in Persons
ToR Terms of Reference
TPLF Tigray People Liberation Front
TVET Technical and Vocational Training and Education
TWG Technical Working Group
UN United Nations
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
UNWFP United Nations World Food Programme
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNODC United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
VoT Victims of Trafficking
WHO World Health Organization
WVI World Vision
MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON MIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA
x
Executive Summary
Several governmental and non-governmental organizations are currently engaged in prevention of human trafficking and smuggling of migrants, and in provision of protection and support to victims of trafficking and smuggling, and to returnees in Ethiopia. However, adequate data is lacking on who does what in migration and reintegration of returnees. In addition, there is limited coordination and collaboration between these stakeholders. It was against this background that this study was conducted with the aim of mapping stakeholders that work on migration at federal, regional, zonal and woreda levels in Ethiopia. The study was conducted at federal, regional and city administration levels and also at zonal and woreda levels, covering all the nine regional states and the two city administrations of Ethiopia. The mapping study is presented in two main reports: one federal-level report and another regional and lower-level mapping report. A highlight of the two main reports is also presented separately. This report presents the federal-level mapping study findings.
Findings and Conclusions
The findings of the mapping study revealed that many governmental, inter-governmental, bilateral and non-governmental organizations work on migration in Ethiopia. However, the existing interventions are very inadequate vis-à-vis the magnitude of the problems and issues. Most interventions of non-governmental organizations focus on refugees. Organizations that work on labour migration issues such as promotion of legal migration routes are very limited. Few governmental organizations have clear mandates on migration. In the light of these facts, the legal framework is not adequately enforced and the available services and support mechanisms for victims and returnees have also remained very weak. The fact that federal bodies are mandated to enforce Proclamation No. 909/2015 seems also to have hampered its enforcement at regional and lower administration levels owing to the lack of their local presence or the limited capacity of their branch offices or lack of delegation to local authorities.
The study revealed different formal and informal coordination mechanisms that were established to coordinate stakeholders that work on migration. Some are joint government platforms, UN agencies and various non-governmental organizations while a few others are specific to government or UN agencies or non-governmental organizations. Among them, the anti-human trafficking and smuggling taskforce, and the refugee coordination group are the major and notable examples. Most others are informal or ad hoc mechanisms that lack permanence.
The federal anti-human trafficking and smuggling taskforce is the major mechanism in place to coordinate stakeholders that work on migration (excluding those that work on refugees and IDPs). But this taskforce is in its infancy. This is partly due to the lack of adequate human and financial resources needed for coordinating stakeholders. It lacks the resources and capacity to coordinate actors adequately. The sustainability of the coordination mechanism is also at risk as the coordination mechanisms are not well institutionalized in participating organizations. Many stakeholders that work on migration lack ownership and commitment to their cause. This is evident from the dismal degree of execution of planned or assigned activities and their frequent absence from taskforce meetings. Lack of mechanisms that could hold actors accountable for their action or
xi
Executive Summary
inaction has contributed much to the lack of commitment among stakeholders. The lack of a single government body that manages and coordinates migration issues was also consistently identified as a major factor in the weak and ineffective coordination among stakeholders. Owing to its current nomenclature and the manner in which it is being coordinated, the federal-level anti-trafficking taskforce has given unbalanced attention to different aspects of migration. It is said to give due attention to law enforcement while other aspects such as labour migration and victim and returnee assistance have received inadequate consideration. In sum, coordination mechanisms in place for anti-human trafficking, victim assistance, reintegration of returnees and law enforcement have remained weak and less sustainable. As a result, stakeholders are not working in a coordinated manner. Many stakeholders still work independently with limited collaboration with other actors.
Coordination mechanisms in place for refugee programmes are fairly effective and relatively well organized. The coordination mechanism in place for refugee programmes has worked very well in coordinating stakeholders’ activities, promoting synergy and facilitating information exchange as well as in monitoring of activities. The existing laws, policies and procedures are being enforced. The fact that Ethiopia has a legal framework and central body that is fully responsible for managing refugee issues was considered a key strength of the platform.
There are no established and permanent coordination mechanisms for internally displaced persons (IDPs). Interventions and issues relating to IDPs are mainly addressed either directly through collaboration with other actors or as crosscutting issues. There are, however, some ad hoc mechanisms such as the IDP taskforce at federal government level chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister. There is also the advisory IDP Committee to the UN humanitarian country team that is chaired by the UN Human Coordinator. In addition, issues relaing to IDPs are addressed at the UN cluster meetings that were established on different sectors to coordinate humanitarian activities. It was the lack of a clear regulatory and policy framework giving mandates to specific government bodies that was largely blamed for the lack of a formal coordination mechanism for IDPs.
1
11.1. Introduction
Several governmental and non-governmental organisations, UN agencies, international organizations, civil society and faith-based organizations are currently engaged in prevention of human trafficking and smuggling of migrants, and in provision of protection and support for victims of human trafficking and smuggling and for returnees in Ethiopia. However, there is still limited coordination and collaboration between these stakeholders, which also results in duplication of effort (in both activities and target areas or groups), fragmentation of resources, and the use of various approaches and methodologies. Adequate data is also lacking on who does what in migration and returnee reintegration matters. In the light of this the ILO, at the request of the National Anti-Human Trafficking and Smuggling Task Force Secretariat at the Federal Attorney’s General Office, contracted an individual consultant with the aim of mapping stakeholders and their objectives as well as initiatives in the area of migration governance in the country.
The objective of the study was to map stakeholders working on migration and their activities, including reintegration initiatives at federal level in Ethiopia, so as to improve coordination and collaboration between stakeholders. The specific tasks undertaken to achieve the objectives of the consultancy work included the following:
i. identifying government, international, non-governmental, intergovernmental, faith-based and civil society organizations that work on migration along with their objectives, interventions, budget and geographical areas of operation or intervention at federal level;
ii. identifying and listing existing coordination mechanisms between stakeholders at national level;
iii. identifying challenges, opportunities and success stories on coordination and collaboration between stakeholders;
iv. assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of existing coordination platforms; and
v. providing strategic recommendation on how to improve coordination and collaboration between stakeholders working on migration.
Background
MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON MIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA
2
This report presents the findings of the mapping study conducted at federal level from January to April 2018. The federal-level report aimed to map federal-level stakeholders that work on migration within their mandates, programmes or projects, and identify mechanisms in place to coordinate stakeholders that engage in the different dimensions of migration. The report has also included the list of NGOs that work on migration along with a mapping of their active programmes or projects, regardless of the part of the country in which they operate, with the aim of providing an overall picture of NGOs’ involvement in migration issues.
The federal-level mapping report is organized in two parts. The first part introduces the study, and describes the methodology and tools utilized for the study. The second part presents the findings of the mapping study at federal level. The findings describe and map the mandates of federal government bodies in relation to their existing programmes or projects on migration. The mandates and active programmes or projects of intergovernmental, bilateral and multilateral organizations are also presented. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), including charity NGOs, mass-based societies and associations, faith-based organizations, religious institutions, business organizations, political parties and others that work on migration are also identified. The migration and related programmes or projects of NGOs are also mapped against key dimensions of migration such as prevention of irregular migration, law enforcement, labour migration and reintegration of returnees, IDPs and refugees. The existing federal-level mechanisms in place to coordinate stakeholders are also discussed in the second part of this report including their weaknesses and strengths as well as their functionality and effectiveness.
1.2. Approach and Methodology
The mapping study was highly consultative and participatory involving relevant stakeholders at different levels. The mapping activity passed through different stages. In the first stage the consultant reviewed the available secondary information in order to clearly define the scope of migration governance in Ethiopia. Following the review, the study was framed in such a way as to map stakeholders that work on labour migration, returnees, refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), creation of employment opportunities for potential migrants at home, prevention of illegal migration, prosecution of traffickers and brokers, and related areas. In addition the study tried to map existing coordination mechanisms in place at different administrative levels. In line with the specification of the scope of the mapping study, the identification of stakeholders that work on the different migration management areas commenced. This was partly undertaken by reviewing existing legal instruments, studies and other relevant documents available online. The desk review allowed a preliminary mapping of existing legal frameworks and policies, and of interventions in management of mixed migration flows, along with development of a list of organizations to be consulted during the mapping exercise. A snowball sampling technique was also utilized whereby those stakeholders identified and contacted early were asked to identify other stakeholders that work on migration. NGO coordinating or supervisory authorities at different levels and consortia of NGOs were also consulted to help with identification of NGOs with migration and related programmes and projects.
The mapping study was conducted at federal, regional and city administration levels and at zonal and woreda levels. The study covered all regional states and the two city administrations of Ethiopia. However, zonal and woreda-level consultations were conducted in the four larger regions (Oromia, Amhara, SNNPR and Tigray) and with the Addis Ababa city administration. These regions
3
Background 1
were selected for consultation at lower administrative levels owing to their high levels of outward migrations and returnees. In the other regional states (Gambella, Benishangul Gumuz, Harari, Afar, Ethio Somali and Dire Dawa City Administration), the consultations were limited to regional and city administration levels.
Selection of zones and woredas for consultation in the four larger regions and Addis Ababa was undertaken in consultation with the respective regional BoLSA officials. Two sample zones, sub-zones or cities and one woreda from each sample zonal or sub-city administration were selected for consultation from each of the four regions and from the Addis Ababa City Administration. The level of outward migration and the available time and resources were the criteria considered when selecting the sample zones and woredas for the study. The list of zones, woredas and cities selected for each of the four bigger regional states and for the Addis Ababa City Administration is presented in Table 1 below.
n Table 1: List of zones and woredas/cities selected in the four bigger regional states and Addis Ababa City Administration for mapping
Region/ City Administration Zone/ Sub-city/ City Woreda/City
Tigray Southern Zone Raya Azebo
East Tigray Zone Wukro City
Amhara North Wollo Zone Kobo Woreda
South Wollo Kalu Woreda
SNNPRS Gurage Zone Butajira City Administration
Silte Zone Silte Woreda
Oromia Jimma Zone Gomma Woreda
West Arsi Zone Gedeb Assasa Woreda
Addis Ababa City Administration Addis Ketema Woreda 7
Bole Sub-City Woreda 13
Different governmental, intergovernmental, religious and non-governmental organizations were consulted at different levels. At least 386 stakeholders were contacted for data collection at all administrative levels (242 government bodies from federal to woreda levels, 113 local and international NGOs, and several embassies and development partners, UN agencies, religious institutions, mass-based societies, mass media and others). The consultant managed to consult 237 stakeholders at different levels. Most of these stakeholders were consulted through face-to-face interviews, while a few others participated by completing a survey. Interviews were conducted with key stakeholders using semi-structured interview guides designed for the different stakeholder categories while the survey was sent to most other stakeholders that work on migration. Data was also gathered through surveys; some governmental and non-governmental organizations as well as diplomatic missions and development partners that work on migrations were given the option of completing a survey online, through e-mail or printed format. Contact details of some key stakeholders consulted for the study are presented in Annexes 1 and 2. The list of stakeholders consulted for the mapping study is presented in Annex 4.
MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON MIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA
4
The consultation focused on acquiring stakeholders’ contact details and information on programmes and projects on migration, the coordination platforms to which they are parties, assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of existing migration management systems and structures in the country, and other related information. In situations where stakeholders could not be reached for consultations, the consultant tried to collect basic information by browsing their websites (where they had one).
Surveys and interviews were administered by trained field assistants. All field assistants deployed from the centre participated in a three-day training course on how to conduct interviews, how to administer questionnaires and how to tailor and adapt them to the status of the respondent, the specific organization and the location. Local field assistants were also engaged to support data collection by delivering official letters to identified stakeholders, arrange appointments, and collect completed surveys.
Much of the data gathered for the mapping study was qualitative. Hence qualitative content analysis methodology was utilized to analyze the data through systematic mapping of concepts, creation of themes, identifying associations between concepts, and seeking explanations from the data. Attempts were also made to support the interpretation with the use of tables to illuminate and indicate relationships between stakeholders.
1.3. Limitations of the study
The study has some limitations worth mentioning. It could have been more comprehensive if stakeholders contacted for consultation had responded and participated in it. The consultant tried to make up for this lack by gathering basic information from the websites of some stakeholders. The other limitation of the study relates to the country’s security situation. Given that Ethiopia was under a State of Emergency (SoE) during the data collection process, some government officials, particularly at lower administrative levels, were unwilling to provide information, fearing that to do so would violate some of the provisions of the SoE. Government officials, particularly at regional and lower administrative levels, were also difficult to find owing to their frequent engagement in meetings, involvement in urgent matters and for other reasons. Poor documentation systems and lack of documented information, particularly in government offices, was also another challenge to obtaining information on their mandates, plans and performance reports on migration, and to learning about the existing institutional arrangements for coordination.
5
Migration issues are complex and require involvement of several government bodies in order to cover the challenges relating to labour migration, emergencies, forced migration, displacement, migration and development, trafficking in persons and human smuggling, immigration and border management, forced and voluntary returns, and reintegration of returnees and victims. In this section stakeholders and coordination mechanisms at federal level are identified and discussed.
2.1. Mapping of Key Stakeholders that Work on Migration at Federal Level
2.1.1. Government Bodies
The overall mandate of Ethiopian ministries and other executive organs at federal level is captured in Proclamation 916/2015 on the Definitions of Powers and Duties of the Executive Organs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. This proclamation was, however, replaced or amended in October 2018, reducing the number of ministries to 20. The proclamation to “Provide for the Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in persons and Smuggling of Migrants” (No. 909/2015) and the Overseas Employment Proclamation No. 923/2016 also gave additional specific responsibilities to some line ministries and committees. For the purposes of this mapping study, the focus is on key institutions in the domain of labour migration management, refugees and IDPs.
Most federal government bodies have mandates relating to aspects of migration management. They include the following: the House of Federation, the House of Peoples’ Representatives, the Prime Minister’s Office, the Office of the Attorney General, the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, the Ministry of Youth and Sports, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Intelligence and Security Service, the Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, the Federal Police Commission, the Central Statistical Agency, the National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC), the Administration for Refuge and Returnees Affairs (ARRA), the Federal Urban Job Creation and Food Security Agency, the Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises Development Agency, the Federal Government Communications Office, the Ministry of Education/Federal TVET Agency, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ethiopian News Agency, the Ministry of Civil Service and Human Resource Development, the Ethiopian Press Enterprise, the Ministry of Federal and Pastoralist Development Affairs, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation, the Judiciary, the National Bank of Ethiopia, the Financial Intelligence Center, the Ministry of Industry, the Ethiopian Investment Commission, the Federal Cooperatives Agency, the Ministry of Agriculture, and others. The mandates, programmes and activities of some of the key federal government bodies are presented in Table 2 on the following page.
2 Mapping of stakeholders and coordination mechanisms at federal level
GO
VER
NM
ENT
BO
DIE
S
MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON MIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA
6
n
Tabl
e 2:
Key
Fed
eral
Gov
ernm
ent B
odie
s an
d th
eir M
anda
tes/
Role
s on
Mig
ratio
n
Nam
e of
Go
vern
men
t Bod
yM
anda
tes
Prog
ram
mes
/ act
iviti
es o
n m
igra
tion
The
Hous
e of
Peo
ple’s
Re
pres
enta
tives
The
Hous
e of
Peo
ples
’ Rep
rese
ntat
ives
has
legi
slat
ive
powe
rs a
nd is
man
date
d to
ena
ct s
peci
fic la
ws o
n di
ffere
nt m
atte
rs, i
nclu
ding
nat
iona
lity,
imm
igra
tion,
pa
sspo
rt, e
xit fr
om a
nd e
ntry
into
the
coun
try, t
he ri
ghts
of r
efug
ees
and
of a
sylu
m;
labo
ur a
nd o
ther
s. T
he H
ouse
ove
rsee
s al
l lin
e m
inis
tries
and
gov
ernm
ent a
genc
ies,
in
clud
ing
thos
e wo
rkin
g on
mig
ratio
n-re
late
d is
sues
.
The
sam
e as
for i
ts m
anda
tes.
The
Prim
e M
inis
ter’s
Of
fice
The
High
est e
xecu
tive
powe
rs o
f the
Fed
eral
Gov
ernm
ent a
re v
este
d in
the
Prim
e M
inis
ter a
nd in
the
Coun
cil o
f Min
iste
rs. T
he P
rime
Min
iste
r is
the
Chie
f Exe
cutiv
e an
d th
e Ch
airm
an o
f the
Cou
ncil
of M
inis
ters
. The
Prim
e M
inis
ter h
as a
lso
the
duty
to fo
llow
up a
nd e
nsur
e th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of la
ws, p
olic
ies,
dire
ctiv
es a
nd
othe
r dec
isio
ns a
dopt
ed b
y the
Hou
se o
f Peo
ples
’ Rep
rese
ntat
ives
and
Cou
ncil
of
Min
iste
rs, i
nclu
ding
thos
e th
at re
late
to m
igra
tion2
. Cha
ired
by th
e de
puty
Prim
e M
inis
ter’s
Offi
ce, a
s st
ated
in P
rocl
amat
ion
No. 9
09/2
015,
the
Natio
nal A
nti-
Traf
ficki
ng a
nd S
mug
glin
g Co
mm
ittee
is a
lso
acco
unta
ble
to th
e Pr
ime
Min
iste
r (A
rticl
e 72
and
75
of th
e FD
RE C
onst
itutio
n).
The
Natio
nal A
nti-H
uman
Traf
ficki
ng a
nd S
mug
glin
g Co
mm
ittee
/Cou
ncil
is
acco
unta
ble
to th
e Pr
ime
Min
iste
r; an
d th
e De
puty
Prim
e M
inis
ter l
eads
/cha
irs
the
natio
nal A
nti-H
uman
Traf
ficki
ng a
nd S
mug
glin
g Co
mm
ittee
/Cou
ncil.
Coun
cil o
f Min
iste
rsRe
spon
sibl
e to
the
Prim
e M
inis
ter,
the
Coun
cil o
f Min
iste
rs is
the
fede
ral
exec
utiv
e or
gan
prim
arily
resp
onsi
ble
for f
eder
al p
olic
y for
mul
atio
n an
d ex
ecut
ion.
The
Cou
ncil
has
also
a d
uty t
o de
cide
on
the
orga
niza
tiona
l stru
ctur
e of
min
istri
es a
nd o
ther
org
ans
of g
over
nmen
t res
pons
ible
to it
; dra
w up
the
annu
al fe
dera
l bud
get a
nd im
plem
ent i
t (fo
llowi
ng a
ppro
val);
form
ulat
e an
d im
plem
ent e
cono
mic
, soc
ial a
nd d
evel
opm
ent p
olic
ies
and
stra
tegi
es;
form
ulat
e th
e co
untry
’s fo
reig
n po
licy a
nd e
xerc
ise
over
all s
uper
visi
on o
ver i
ts
impl
emen
tatio
n; e
nsur
e th
e ob
serv
ance
of l
aw a
nd o
rder
; ena
ct re
gula
tions
pu
rsua
nt to
pow
ers
vest
ed in
it b
y the
Hou
se o
f Peo
ples
’ Rep
rese
ntat
ives
; and
en
sure
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
laws
and
dec
isio
ns a
dopt
ed b
y the
Hou
se o
f Pe
ople
s’ R
epre
sent
ativ
es (A
rticl
e 77
of t
he F
DRE
Cons
titut
ion)
. The
se m
anda
tes
and
dutie
s of
the
Coun
cil d
irect
ly or
indi
rect
ly af
fect
the
man
agem
ent o
f m
igra
tion
in th
e co
untry
and
out
side
it.
The
sam
e as
for i
ts m
anda
tes.
2 C
onst
itutio
n of
the
Fede
ral D
emoc
ratic
Rep
ublic
of E
thio
pia.
199
4.
7
Mapping of stakeholders and coordination mechanisms at federal level 2Na
me
of
Gove
rnm
ent B
ody
Man
date
sPr
ogra
mm
es/ a
ctiv
ities
on
mig
ratio
n
Atto
rney
Gen
eral
Acco
rdin
g to
arti
cle
16 o
f Pro
clam
atio
n 91
6/20
15, t
he A
ttorn
ey G
ener
al (t
he th
en
Min
istry
of J
ustic
e) s
hall,
am
ong
othe
r thi
ngs,
hav
e th
e po
wers
and
dut
ies
to
be c
hief
adv
isor
to th
e Fe
dera
l Gov
ernm
ent o
n m
atte
rs o
f law
; und
erta
ke le
gal
refo
rm a
nd s
tudi
es th
at h
ave
impo
rtanc
e fo
r the
just
ice
syst
em a
nd c
arry
out
th
e co
dific
atio
n an
d co
nsol
idat
ion
of fe
dera
l law
s; a
ssis
t in
the
prep
arat
ion
of d
raft
laws
; stu
dy th
e ca
uses
of c
rimes
; dev
ise
ways
and
mea
ns o
f crim
e pr
even
tion;
coo
rdin
ate
the
rele
vant
Gov
ernm
ent O
rgan
s an
d Co
mm
uniti
es in
cr
ime
prev
entio
n; u
nder
take
or o
rder
the
cond
uct o
f inv
estig
atio
n wh
ere
it be
lieve
s th
at a
crim
e th
e ad
judi
catio
n of
whi
ch fa
lls u
nder
the
juris
dict
ion
of
the
Fede
ral C
ourts
has
bee
n co
mm
itted
; dire
ct a
nd s
uper
vise
the
proc
ess
of th
e in
vest
igat
ion;
repr
esen
t the
Fed
eral
Gov
ernm
ent i
n th
e in
stitu
tion
and
trial
of
crim
inal
cha
rges
; with
draw
crim
inal
cha
rges
for g
ood
caus
es a
nd in
acc
orda
nce
with
the
law;
follo
w up
the
exec
utio
n of
dec
isio
ns o
f the
cou
rts; e
stab
lish
syst
ems
for g
athe
ring,
han
dlin
g an
d di
strib
utio
n of
info
rmat
ion
rela
ting
to
crim
inal
just
ice;
and
oth
ers.
Mig
ratio
n sp
ecifi
c pow
ers a
nd d
uties
are
also
give
n to
the A
ttorn
ey G
ener
al b
y Pr
ocla
mat
ion 9
09/2
015.
Und
er A
rticle
41,
Pro
clam
ation
909
/201
5 st
ates
that
th
e Atto
rney
Gen
eral
shal
l des
ign
an a
ction
pla
n an
d ca
use t
o dev
elop
broc
hure
s,
mod
ules
, dra
mat
ic sc
enes
, and
othe
r edu
catio
nal m
etho
dolog
ies co
ntai
ning
the
recr
uitm
ent m
echa
nism
s of h
uman
traf
ficke
rs a
nd m
igra
nt sm
uggl
ers,
mea
ns a
nd
types
of ex
ploit
ation
s and
othe
r sta
ying
mec
hani
sms,
the r
ole of
law
enfo
rcem
ent
inst
itutio
ns a
nd ot
her i
nfor
mat
ion a
nd su
ppor
t pro
vidin
g in
stitu
tions
; the
righ
ts of
vic
tims,
laws
rega
rdin
g th
e pro
tect
ion, c
are a
nd re
patri
ation
of E
thiop
ian
natio
nals
wh
o are
vict
ims,
the r
ole of
diff
eren
t org
aniza
tions
, law
enfo
rcem
ents
and
othe
rs;
the m
eans
of m
inim
izing
driv
ing
forc
es of
vict
ims f
or su
ch cr
imes
espe
cially
abo
ut
wom
en a
nd ch
ildre
n; a
nd b
est p
ract
ices u
sed
for c
omba
ting
the c
rime a
nd b
road
cast
to
pub
lic a
t lar
ge th
roug
h m
ass m
edia
s and
othe
r com
mun
icatio
n m
eans
.
The
Offic
e of
the
Atto
rney
Gen
eral
exe
rcis
es it
s po
wers
as
man
date
d by
the
law.
It u
nder
take
s cr
ime
prev
entio
n, c
rimin
al in
vest
igat
ion,
pro
secu
tion,
crim
e re
spon
se a
nd c
orre
ctio
nal p
ower
s re
late
d to
irre
gula
r mig
ratio
n, tr
affic
king
and
sm
uggl
ing.
It le
ads
a de
sign
ated
inst
itutio
n fo
r mig
ratio
n is
sues
(as
man
date
d by
Pro
clam
atio
n No
. 909
/201
5) b
y cha
iring
and
coo
rdin
atin
g th
e Na
tiona
l Ant
i-Tr
affic
king
and
Sm
uggl
ing
Task
forc
e as
wel
l as
the
Wor
king
Gro
up o
n Le
gisl
atio
n an
d La
w En
forc
emen
t. Th
e Of
fice
of th
e At
torn
ey G
ener
al, t
hrou
gh it
s Se
cret
aria
t, co
ordi
nate
s th
e pr
epar
atio
n an
d co
mpi
latio
n of
ann
ual p
lan
for t
he n
atio
nal
task
forc
e, fo
llows
up
its im
plem
enta
tion,
org
anize
s re
gula
r nat
iona
l tas
kfor
ce
mee
tings
, rec
eive
s an
d co
mpi
les
perio
dic
repo
rts fr
om re
gion
al ta
skfo
rces
and
m
embe
rs o
f the
nat
iona
l tas
kfor
ce, p
ays
field
vis
it to
regi
onal
task
forc
es to
ver
ify
thei
r fun
ctio
nalit
y and
iden
tify g
aps,
sub
mits
per
iodi
c re
ports
to th
e na
tiona
l co
mm
ittee
, sup
ports
the
prep
arat
ion
of a
nat
iona
l rep
ort,
and
so o
n. T
he O
ffice
of
the
Atto
rney
Gen
eral
, thr
ough
its
secr
etar
iat,
has
also
bee
n im
plem
entin
g an
aw
aren
ess-
rais
ing
prog
ram
me
with
fund
ing
from
the
Neth
erla
nds
Emba
ssy.
The
prog
ram
me
is b
eing
impl
emen
ted
in p
artn
ersh
ip w
ith th
e Na
tiona
l The
atre
so
as to
cre
ate
awar
enes
s an
d pr
even
t irre
gula
r mig
ratio
n by
pre
parin
g br
ochu
res,
m
odul
es, d
ram
atic
sce
nes,
and
oth
ers.
Thr
ough
its
diffe
rent
dire
ctor
ates
, the
At
torn
ey G
ener
al a
lso
enga
ges
in p
rovi
sion
of l
egal
ass
ista
nce
for r
etur
nees
, cr
eatin
g pu
blic
awa
rene
ss o
n la
ws, i
nclu
ding
thos
e th
at re
late
to m
igra
tion,
and
ot
hers
.
Min
istry
of F
orei
gn
Affa
irs (M
oFA)
MoF
A ho
lds
sign
ifica
nt m
anda
tes
on m
igra
tion.
MoF
A is
the
lead
ing
agen
cy fo
r jo
int a
nd m
ultil
ater
al c
omm
issi
ons
deal
ing
with
nei
ghbo
urin
g an
d ot
her f
orei
gn
coun
tries
, thr
ough
bor
der c
omm
issi
ons
and
agre
emen
ts o
n im
mig
ratio
n is
sues
. Th
e M
inis
try o
f For
eign
Affa
irs h
as th
e po
wers
and
dut
ies
to c
oord
inat
e an
d su
perv
ise
the
activ
ities
of E
thio
pia’
s di
plom
atic
and
con
sula
r mis
sion
s an
d pe
rman
ent m
issi
ons
of E
thio
pia
to in
tern
atio
nal o
rgan
izatio
ns; e
nsur
e th
at th
e in
tere
sts
and
the
right
s of
Eth
iopi
ans
resi
ding
abr
oad
are
prot
ecte
d; e
ncou
rage
an
d su
ppor
t ass
ocia
tions
form
ed b
y Eth
iopi
an c
omm
uniti
es a
nd fr
iend
s of
Et
hiop
ia; a
nd fa
cilit
ate
parti
cipa
tion
of th
e di
aspo
ras
in th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
the
coun
try th
roug
h en
surin
g di
aspo
ras
enga
gem
ent;
Alm
ost a
ll di
rect
orat
es o
f the
MoF
A ha
ve p
rogr
amm
es o
r act
iviti
es th
at a
re
rela
ted
to m
igra
tion.
Con
sula
r and
dip
lom
atic
ser
vice
s ar
e ha
ndle
d by
MoF
A.
The
Min
istry
of F
orei
gn A
ffairs
und
erta
kes
seve
ral o
ther
act
iviti
es, i
nclu
ding
pr
ovid
ing
prot
ectio
n se
rvic
es fo
r Eth
iopi
ans
livin
g ab
road
, cre
atin
g aw
aren
ess
amon
g ci
tizen
s liv
ing
abro
ad a
bout
thei
r rig
hts
and
resp
onsi
bilit
ies,
pro
vidi
ng
lega
l ass
ista
nce
to c
itize
ns th
at n
eed
such
sup
port
by h
iring
lawy
ers,
col
lect
ing
and
shar
ing
mig
ratio
n re
late
d in
form
atio
n wi
th a
ctor
s, c
oord
inat
ing
with
oth
er
acto
rs fo
r rep
atria
tion
of re
turn
ees,
faci
litat
ing
sign
ing
of b
ilate
ral l
abou
r ag
reem
ents
, and
oth
ers.
GO
VER
NM
ENT
BO
DIE
S
MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON MIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA
8
Nam
e of
Go
vern
men
t Bod
yM
anda
tes
Prog
ram
mes
/ act
iviti
es o
n m
igra
tion
Min
istry
of F
orei
gn
Affa
irs (M
oFA)
(c
ontd
.)
and
othe
rs3 .
Diffe
rent
pro
clam
ation
s hav
e also
give
n so
me a
dditi
onal
and
mig
ratio
n-sp
ecifi
c man
date
s to t
he M
inist
ry of
Fore
ign
Affa
irs. U
nder
Arti
cle 2
7 of
Pro
clam
ation
No
. 909
/201
54, t
he M
inist
ry of
Fore
ign
Affa
irs is
man
date
d to
initi
ate t
he p
roce
ss
to re
scue
, rele
ase a
nd re
turn
any
Eth
iopia
n, fo
und
outs
ide E
thiop
ia, w
ho is
a vi
ctim
of
traf
fickin
g in
per
sons
and
smug
glin
g of
mig
rant
s to E
thiop
ia. T
he m
inist
ry is
al
so m
anda
ted
to p
rovid
e any
vict
im of
hum
an tr
affic
king
or a
smug
gled
mig
rant
co
mpe
lled
to st
ay in
a fo
reig
n co
untry
for a
ny ca
se w
ith le
gal c
ouns
ellin
g or
as
sista
nce a
nd fo
llow
up h
andl
ing
of th
e vict
im a
nd st
atus
of th
e cas
e thr
ough
the
Ethi
opia
n di
plom
atic
miss
ion.
The M
inist
ry of
Fore
ign
Affa
irs, i
n co
oper
ation
with
the N
ation
al In
telli
genc
e an
d Se
curit
y Ser
vice a
nd ot
her r
eleva
nt or
gans
, is a
lso m
anda
ted
to co
llect
and
di
ssem
inat
e dat
a of
the l
ist of
vict
ims o
f the
crim
e, th
e cou
ntry
and
the c
ondi
tions
un
der w
hich
they
are
foun
d an
d ot
her n
eces
sary
info
rmat
ion’s;
cond
uct a
sses
smen
t on
traf
fickin
g of
hum
an a
nd sm
uggl
ing
of m
igra
nts a
nd th
e lev
el of
risk
s of d
iffer
ent
coun
tries
and
com
mun
icate
in d
iffer
ent m
echa
nism
s to v
ictim
s and
mig
rant
s of
Ethi
opia
n na
tiona
ls wh
o res
ide i
n ot
her c
ount
ies; a
nd su
ppor
t the
esta
blish
men
t of
the E
thiop
ian
com
mun
ity in
the d
estin
ation
coun
tries
whe
re cr
ime o
f tra
ffick
ing
of
hum
an a
nd sm
uggl
ing
of m
igra
nts f
ound
and
supp
ort t
he co
mm
unity
mem
bers
to
mai
ntai
n th
eir ri
ghts
and
ben
efits
(Arti
cle 4
6 Pr
ocla
mat
ion N
o. 90
9/20
15).
MoF
A ha
s a
com
mitt
ee th
at re
spon
ds to
the
evac
uatio
n ne
eds
of E
thio
pian
m
igra
nts.
MOF
A is
a m
embe
r of t
he n
atio
nal a
nti-h
uman
traf
ficki
ng ta
sk fo
rce.
It
is a
lso
a m
embe
r of t
he w
orki
ng g
roup
that
wor
ks o
n vi
ctim
sup
port.
MoF
A wo
rks
with
diff
eren
t sta
keho
lder
s, in
clud
ing
the
Natio
nal I
ntel
ligen
ce a
nd S
ecur
ity
Serv
ice,
MoL
SA, M
ain
Depa
rtmen
t for
Imm
igra
tion
and
Natio
nalit
y Affa
irs, I
OM,
ILO,
the
Offic
e of
the
Atto
rney
Gen
eral
, Fed
eral
Pol
ice
Com
mis
sion
, Eth
iopi
an
Airli
nes
and
othe
r ser
vice
pro
vide
rs s
uch
as Ti
kur A
nbes
sa H
ospi
tal a
nd M
othe
r Te
resa
.
Min
istry
of L
abou
r an
d So
cial
Affa
irs
(MoL
SA)
Acco
rdin
g to
Arti
cle
34 o
f Pro
clam
atio
n 91
6/20
15, M
oLSA
sha
ll, a
mon
g ot
hers
, ha
ve th
e po
wers
and
dut
ies
to e
stab
lish
a la
bour
adm
inis
tratio
n sy
stem
aro
und
thei
r lab
our r
elat
ion
that
ena
bles
the
prop
er tr
ansi
tion
of th
e in
form
al e
cono
my
to th
e fo
rmal
eco
nom
y; en
hanc
e th
e ac
cess
ibili
ty o
f effi
cien
t and
equ
itabl
e em
ploy
men
t ser
vice
s; re
gula
te th
e Et
hiop
ians
ove
rsea
s em
ploy
men
t; es
tabl
ish
and
put i
nto
oper
atio
n a
natio
nal l
abou
r mar
ket i
nfor
mat
ion
syst
em; c
arry
out
stu
dies
on
nat
iona
l man
powe
r and
em
ploy
men
t as
well
as o
ccup
atio
nal c
lass
ifica
tion;
and
wo
rk in
col
labo
ratio
n wi
th th
e co
ncer
ned
bodi
es to
stre
ngth
en th
e so
cial
pro
tect
ion
syst
em to
impr
ove
and
ensu
re th
e so
cial
and
eco
nom
ic w
ellb
eing
of c
itize
ns5 .
Proc
lam
atio
n No
. 923
/201
6 ha
s al
so m
anda
ted
MoL
SA to
regu
late
Eth
iopi
ans
over
seas
em
ploy
men
t. M
oLSA
’s du
ties
rang
e fro
m li
cens
ing
and
mon
itorin
g of
em
ploy
men
t age
ncie
s to
pro
tect
ion
of v
ictim
s an
d la
bour
mig
rant
s to
app
rova
l of
con
tract
agr
eem
ents
of l
abou
r mig
rant
s’ a
nd th
eir e
mpl
oyer
s. M
oLSA
als
o ha
s th
e m
anda
te to
ove
rsee
labo
ur m
igra
tion,
pre
-dep
artu
re tr
aini
ng c
onte
nt,
appr
ovin
g an
d m
onito
ring
of la
bour
mig
ratio
n co
ntra
cts,
as
well
as b
ilate
ral
The
maj
or p
rogr
amm
es a
nd a
ctiv
ities
of M
oLSA
spe
cific
to m
igra
tion
maj
or
focu
s on
pre
vent
ion
aspe
ct o
f mig
ratio
n an
d re
gula
tion
of o
vers
eas
empl
oym
ent.
The
Min
istry
wor
ks o
n pr
even
tion
of ir
regu
lar m
igra
tion
by fa
cilit
atin
g le
gal
mig
ratio
n, c
reat
ing
publ
ic a
ware
ness
, and
adv
ocat
ing
and
supp
ortin
g lo
cal j
ob
crea
tion.
MoL
SA a
lso
appr
oves
and
mon
itors
labo
ur c
ontra
ct a
gree
men
ts, a
nd li
cens
es
and
mon
itors
em
ploy
men
t age
ncie
s th
at w
ork
on o
vers
eas
empl
oym
ent.
It al
so
work
s to
geth
er w
ith M
oFA
on p
lace
men
t of l
abou
r atta
chés
and
sig
ning
of
bila
tera
l lab
our a
gree
men
ts.
MoL
SA a
lso
build
s ca
paci
ty o
f reg
iona
l cou
nter
parts
and
wor
ks o
n po
licy a
nd
stra
tegi
c m
atte
rs a
s re
late
d to
mig
ratio
n an
d its
gov
erna
nce.
The
Min
istry
is
curre
ntly
work
ing
toge
ther
with
Min
istry
of F
orei
gn A
ffairs
on
plac
emen
t of l
abou
r at
tach
és in
Eth
iopi
an D
iplo
mat
ic M
issi
ons.
In a
dditi
on, t
he m
inis
try is
eng
aged
in
var
ious
act
iviti
es w
ith s
uppo
rt fro
m th
e EU
, IOM
and
ILO
and
othe
rs to
enh
ance
m
igra
tion
gove
rnan
ce, b
uild
regi
onal
cap
acity
in
3 FD
RE.
Defi
nitio
n of
Pow
ers
and
Dut
ies
of th
e Ex
ecut
ive
Org
ans
of th
e Fe
dera
l Dem
ocra
tic R
epub
lic o
f Eth
iopi
a P
rocl
amat
ion.
Pro
clam
atio
n N
o. 9
16/2
015.
4 FD
RE.
Pre
vent
ion
and
Supp
ress
ion
of T
raffi
ckin
g in
Per
sons
and
Sm
uggl
ing
of M
igra
nts
Pro
clam
atio
n. P
rocl
amat
ion
No.
909
/201
5.
5 D
efini
tion
of P
ower
s an
d D
utie
s of
the
Exec
utiv
e O
rgan
s of
the
Fede
ral D
emoc
ratic
Rep
ublic
of E
thio
pia
Pro
clam
atio
n N
o. 9
16/2
015.
9
Mapping of stakeholders and coordination mechanisms at federal level 2Na
me
of
Gove
rnm
ent B
ody
Man
date
sPr
ogra
mm
es/ a
ctiv
ities
on
mig
ratio
n
Min
istry
of L
abou
r an
d So
cial
Affa
irs
(MoL
SA) (
cont
d.)
labo
ur a
gree
men
ts. U
nder
Arti
cle
27 (2
) of P
rocl
amat
ion
No. 9
09/2
015,
MoL
SA
is a
lso
give
n a
duty
to in
itiat
e th
e pr
oces
s to
retu
rn th
e pe
rson
in to
Eth
iopi
a wo
rkin
g wi
th o
ther
rele
vant
age
ncie
s.
term
s of
mat
eria
l, tra
inin
g an
d eq
uipm
ent.
It is
als
o th
e de
puty
cha
ir in
stitu
tion
of
the
Natio
nal A
nti-T
raffi
ckin
g an
d Sm
uggl
ing
Com
mitt
ee a
nd Ta
skfo
rce
esta
blis
hed
unde
r Pro
clam
atio
n No
. 909
/201
5. It
als
o ch
airs
the
prev
entio
n wo
rkin
g gr
oup
esta
blis
hed
unde
r the
nat
iona
l ant
i-hum
an tr
affic
king
task
forc
e.
Natio
nal D
isas
ter
and
Risk
M
anag
emen
t Co
mm
issi
on
(NDR
MC)
The
Natio
nal D
isas
ter R
isk
Man
agem
ent C
omm
issi
on (N
DRM
C) w
orks
on
disa
ster
and
risk
man
agem
ent.
The
Com
mis
sion
focu
ses
on s
ix pi
llars
nam
ely:
prev
entio
n, m
itiga
tion,
pre
pare
dnes
s, re
spon
se, r
ecov
ery a
nd re
habi
litat
ion
for
any d
isas
ter c
ause
d by
hyd
ro m
etro
logi
cal,
biol
ogic
al, g
eolo
gica
l, so
cioe
cono
mic
an
d te
chno
logi
cal f
acto
rs.
Thou
gh it
doe
s no
t hav
e a
form
al m
anda
te, t
he C
omm
issi
on s
omet
imes
wor
k on
ID
Ps w
hen
it is
cau
sed
by c
onfli
ct o
r floo
d. It
coo
rdin
ates
sta
keho
lder
s on
thei
r hu
man
itaria
n ac
tiviti
es a
nd p
artic
ipat
es in
the
activ
ities
. Des
pite
the
lack
of a
fo
rmal
man
date
, the
Com
mis
sion
is a
ctin
g as
own
er o
f IDP
s an
d ac
ts a
s le
ad.
Apar
t fro
m c
oord
inat
ion,
the
Com
mis
sion
pro
vide
s fo
reca
stin
g in
form
atio
n to
ke
y act
ors
with
rega
rd to
pot
entia
l dis
plac
emen
ts. I
t als
o m
aps
out w
here
IDPs
ar
e an
d in
form
s ke
y act
ors
who
resp
ond.
Nev
erth
eles
s, th
e Co
mm
issi
on d
oes
not
have
spe
cific
reso
urce
s al
loca
ted
for m
igra
tion
or ID
Ps. I
t has
bee
n re
spon
ding
to
mig
ratio
n, re
turn
ees
or ID
Ps a
s cr
oss-
cut
ting
activ
ities
.
In a
dditi
on to
IDPs
, NDR
MC
has
also
rece
ntly
star
ted
supp
ortin
g re
turn
ees
follo
wing
th
e re
ques
t fro
m th
e M
inis
try o
f For
eign
Affa
irs a
nd th
e Na
tiona
l Ant
i-Tra
ffick
ing
task
forc
e. T
he C
omm
issi
on is
a m
embe
r of t
he n
atio
nal a
nti-h
uman
traf
ficki
ng
task
forc
e. It
s ac
tiviti
es a
s re
late
d to
retu
rnee
s in
clud
ed re
gist
erin
g th
em; s
uppl
ying
food
, she
lter a
nd m
edic
al s
ervi
ces;
and
cov
erin
g tra
nspo
rtatio
n co
sts
of re
turn
ees
so th
at th
ey w
ould
be
able
to g
o to
thei
r res
pect
ive
loca
litie
s. N
DRM
C is
a m
embe
r of
the
natio
nal a
nti-t
raffi
ckin
g ta
skfo
rce
and
vict
im a
ssis
tanc
e wo
rkin
g gr
oup.
It
also
coo
rdin
ates
hum
anita
rian
activ
ities
thro
ugh
disa
ster
risk
man
agem
ent
com
mitt
ees
and
work
ing
grou
ps e
stab
lishe
d at
fede
ral l
evel
.
Min
istry
of H
ealth
(M
oH)
Acco
rdin
g to
Arti
cle
33 o
f Pro
clam
atio
n 91
6/20
15, t
he M
inis
try o
f Hea
lth s
hall,
am
ong
othe
rs, h
ave
the
powe
rs a
nd d
utie
s to
form
ulat
e th
e co
untry
's h
ealth
se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t pro
gram
; fol
low
up a
nd e
valu
ate
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
sam
e; s
uppo
rt th
e ex
pans
ion
of h
ealth
ser
vice
s co
vera
ge a
nd in
frast
ruct
ure;
fo
llow
up a
nd c
oord
inat
e th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of h
ealth
pro
gram
mes
fina
nced
by
fore
ign
assi
stan
ce a
nd lo
ans;
dire
ct, c
oord
inat
e an
d fo
llow
up im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e co
untry
's h
ealth
info
rmat
ion
syst
em; e
nsur
e ad
equa
te s
uppl
y and
pro
per
utili
zatio
n of
ess
entia
l dru
gs a
nd m
edic
al e
quip
men
t in
the
coun
try; a
nd
supe
rvis
e th
e ad
min
istra
tion
of fe
dera
l hos
pita
ls; c
olla
bora
te in
the
capa
city
-bu
ildin
g ac
tiviti
es o
f the
fede
ral u
nive
rsity
hos
pita
ls.
Artic
le 26
of P
rocla
mat
ion N
o. 90
9/20
15 a
lso re
quire
s the
Gov
ernm
ent t
o put
in p
lace
ne
cess
ary w
orkin
g pr
oced
ures
to id
entif
y, re
scue
, rep
atria
te a
nd re
habi
litat
e vict
ims
and
hum
an tr
affic
king
and
smug
glin
g in
par
tner
ship
with
othe
r for
eign
dipl
omat
ic
miss
ions,
conc
erne
d go
vern
men
t and
non
-gov
ernm
ent o
rgan
izatio
ns a
nd ot
her
supp
ortiv
e mas
s org
aniza
tion.
The p
rocla
mat
ion h
as a
lso a
ccor
ded
victim
s ava
ilabl
e he
alth
and
socia
l ser
vices
, med
ical c
are,
coun
selli
ng a
nd p
sych
ologi
cal a
ssist
ance
, wi
th ca
re, o
n a
confi
dent
ial b
asis
and
with
full
resp
ect o
f priv
acy.
This
artic
le ha
s gi
ven
the M
inist
ry of
Hea
lth so
me m
anda
tes t
o ass
ist vi
ctim
s’ re
habi
litat
ion.
By c
oord
inat
ing
heal
th a
nd h
ealth
-rel
ated
inst
itutio
ns, t
he M
inis
try o
f Hea
lth
faci
litat
es a
cces
s to
hea
lth s
ervi
ces
to re
fuge
es, r
etur
nees
and
IDPs
. The
m
inis
try e
stab
lishe
s te
mpo
rary
faci
litie
s at
IDP
cam
ps to
pro
vide
hea
lth s
ervi
ces.
In
col
labo
ratio
n wi
th A
RRA
and
othe
r sta
keho
lder
s, th
e m
inis
try a
lso
prov
ides
/m
anag
es h
ealth
faci
litie
s/se
rvic
es fo
r ref
ugee
s. S
imila
r hea
lth s
ervi
ces
are
also
pr
ovid
ed to
retu
rnee
s in
col
labo
ratio
n wi
th d
iffer
ent s
take
hold
ers.
Nev
erth
eles
s,
the
min
istry
doe
s no
t hav
e an
y spe
cific
pro
gram
me
for r
efug
ees,
IDPs
and
re
turn
ees.
The
se g
roup
s ar
e be
ing
serv
ed b
y the
min
istry
thro
ugh
its e
mer
genc
y pr
ogra
mm
e. T
he m
inis
try p
rovi
des
its h
ealth
ser
vice
s to
IDPs
in c
olla
bora
tion
with
the
Natio
nal D
isas
ter C
ounc
il, N
atio
nal D
isas
ter a
nd R
isk
Man
agem
ent
Com
mis
sion
(NDR
MS)
, Min
istry
of L
ives
tock
and
Fis
hery,
Min
istry
of A
gric
ultu
re
and
Natu
ral R
esou
rce,
Min
iste
r of F
eder
al a
nd P
asto
ralis
t Dev
elop
men
t Affa
irs,
Min
istry
of W
ater
and
Ene
rgy,
Min
istry
of W
omen
and
Chi
ldre
n Af
fairs
, Min
istry
of
Edu
catio
n, M
inis
try o
f Tra
de, a
nd M
inis
try o
f Def
ense
. As
rega
rds
retu
rnee
s,
MoH
offe
rs h
ealth
sta
tus
scre
enin
g at
the
airp
ort i
n co
llabo
ratio
n wi
th M
inis
try
of F
orei
gn A
ffairs
. Hea
lth s
ervi
ces
to re
fuge
es a
re p
rovi
ded
in c
olla
bora
tion
with
UN
CHR
and
ARRA
. MoH
is a
lso
a m
embe
r of t
he n
atio
nal a
nti-h
uman
traf
ficki
ng
task
forc
e an
d th
e wo
rkin
g gr
oup
esta
blis
hed
for v
ictim
ass
ista
nce.
GO
VER
NM
ENT
BO
DIE
S
MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON MIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA
10
Nam
e of
Go
vern
men
t Bod
yM
anda
tes
Prog
ram
mes
/ act
iviti
es o
n m
igra
tion
Natio
nal
Inte
llige
nce
and
Secu
rity S
ervi
ce
(NIS
S)
The
Natio
nal I
ntel
ligen
ce a
nd S
ecur
ity S
ervi
ce (N
ISS)
is m
anda
ted
to p
rote
ct a
nd
safe
guar
d th
e na
tiona
l sec
urity
of t
he c
ount
ry b
y pro
vidi
ng q
ualit
y int
ellig
ence
an
d re
liabl
e se
curit
y ser
vice
. Pro
clam
atio
n No
. 909
/201
5 al
so s
tate
d th
e ne
ed
for d
iffer
ent f
eder
al g
over
nmen
t age
ncie
s to
wor
k wi
th th
e Na
tiona
l Sec
urity
an
d In
telli
genc
e Se
rvic
e. T
he S
ervi
ce h
as it
s he
ad o
ffice
in A
ddis
Aba
ba a
nd
repr
esen
tativ
e of
fices
in th
e re
gion
s6.
NISS
wor
ks m
ainl
y on
law
enfo
rcem
ent.
It is
als
o a
mem
ber o
f the
Ant
i-Tr
affic
king
cou
ncil
and
task
forc
e as
wel
l as
law
enfo
rcem
ent a
nd le
gisl
atio
n wo
rkin
g gr
oup
esta
blis
hed
unde
r the
task
forc
e.
The
Mai
n De
partm
ent f
or Im
mig
ratio
n an
d Na
tiona
lity A
ffairs
was
und
er N
ISS
(but
has
rece
ntly
been
reor
gani
zed)
and
is m
anda
ted
to is
sue
pass
ports
and
tra
vel d
ocum
ents
for E
thio
pian
s an
d no
n-Et
hiop
ians
trav
ellin
g to
and
from
Et
hiop
ia.
The
Depa
rtmen
t iss
ues
pass
ports
and
trav
el d
ocum
ents
, and
eng
ages
in b
orde
r co
ntro
l and
issu
es v
isa
for f
orei
gner
s. T
he d
epar
tmen
t als
o wo
rks
with
the
Min
istry
of F
orei
gn A
ffairs
, IOM
and
oth
er s
take
hold
ers
in d
eter
min
ing
iden
tity
of n
atio
nals
stra
nded
in o
ther
cou
ntrie
s an
d ne
ed to
retu
rn to
Eth
iopi
a. A
s fa
r as
refu
gees
are
con
cern
ed, t
he d
epar
tmen
t gat
hers
info
rmat
ion
in c
olla
bora
tion
with
ARR
A; p
rovi
des
work
per
mits
to re
fuge
es a
nd to
thos
e wi
th p
erm
anen
t re
side
nce
ID in
the
area
s pe
rmitt
ed fo
r for
eign
wor
kers
; and
per
mits
loca
l in
tegr
atio
n fo
r tho
se p
rotra
cted
refu
gees
who
hav
e liv
ed fo
r 20
year
s or
mor
e in
Eth
iopi
a. T
he M
ain
Depa
rtmen
t for
Imm
igra
tion
and
Natio
nalit
y Affa
irs is
a
mem
ber o
f the
nat
iona
l ant
i-tra
ffick
ing
task
forc
e an
d its
rese
arch
, and
the
mon
itorin
g an