Dr. David Innes
Dr. Dawn Marshall
W 2008
Biology 4250 Evolutionary Genetics
Outline of topics:
1. Introduction/History of Interest in Genetic Variation
2. Types of Molecular Markers
3. Molecular Evolution
4. Individuality and Relatedness
5. Population Demography, Structure & Phylogeography
6. Phylogenetic Methods & Species Level Phylogenies
7. Speciation, Hybridization and Introgression
8. Human Evolutionary Genetics
9. Conservation Genetics
Applications
Background
Conservation Genetics
Conservation
Rare and endangered species
- reduced population size
- loss of habitat
- degradation of environment
What factors determine long-term survival?
Relative importance of population ecology and genetics?
Conservation Genetics
Population Genetics:
- effects of small populations (inbreeding, genetic drift)
- habitat fragmentation and genetic structure
- gene flow between populations
- effective population size
- relationship between genetic variation and population
persistence (extinction risk)
- preservation of genetically unique pops.
- adaptation to environmental change (climate change)
- relationship between genetic variation and evolutionary
potential
Conservation Genetics: Review
Conservation genetics in a globally changing environment: present problems, paradoxes and future challenges. Pertoldi et al. (2007)
1. Introduction (p. 4148 – 4151)
2. Unresolved questions and possible future directions in
conservation genetics (p. 4152 – 4154)
3. Challenges and paradoxes in conservation genetics (p. 4154 –
4158)
4. Possible benefits of a merging of different disciplines (p. 4158 – 4159)
Conservation Simulation Programs
Vortex: Population Viability Analysis
Genetic Management
Captive populations
Conservation Simulation Programs
EasyPop: Population Genetics Simulations
– Output for GenePop analysis
EasyPop
3.2 Simulation parameters ...........................................................................................9
3.2.1 Haploids .........................................................................................................9
3.2.2 Diploids (one sex)...........................................................................................9
3.2.4 Haplodiploids ...............................................................................................10
3.2.5 Number of populations..................................................................................11
3.2.6 Number of individuals ..................................................................................11
3.2.7 Migration......................................................................................................11
3.2.8 Same migration scheme over all simulation?.................................................13
3.2.9 Linkage.........................................................................................................13
3.2.10 Mutation models .........................................................................................14
3.2.11 Starting variability ......................................................................................14
3.2.12 Partial simulation results.............................................................................15
3.2.13 Retrieving the complete genealogy..............................................................15
3.2.13 Replicates ...................................................................................................16