March 10 – Comp Gov

Agenda:BriefsIntro to Nigeria

HW:Study for Giant Vocab Test

Take out:Briefs (Nigeria GroupNotebookPen/PencilHomework

NigeriaThe national motto: “Unity in Diversity”

The national question: “How is the country to be governed given its great diversity?”

Nigeria Basics

Size ≈ California + Oregon + Washington Niger Delta ≈ half the size of Washington

Population ≈ 175 million Life expectancy at birth ≈ 52 years GDP (PPP) ≈ $478 billion GDP per capita ≈ $2,800 per year (up!) Oil/Petroleum Products ≈ 90% of exports

Africa at Night

Africa at Night

Nigeria Oil and Poverty

Nigeria is eighth-largest oil producer in the world…

…but has to import gasoline, has widespread power outages and fuel shortages

$ 500 billion of oil extracted since 1970

≈ $ 400 billion “lost” since 1960 (EFCC)

Parastatals Corporate enterprises owned by the state and

established to provide specific commercial and social welfare services such as water, power, telecommunications, ag commodity boards, parts, and oil

Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

Nigeria Dangers of Oil

Economic volatility (exports, incomes, budgets)

Crowding out of non-mineral sectors (agriculture, manufacturing)

Increasing inequality

Inducing distributional conflict (rent-seeking, violence)

Undermining democracy and governance (taxation, transparency, accountability)

Nigeria Dangers of Oil

Economic volatility (exports, incomes, budgets)

Crowding out of non-mineral sectors (agriculture, manufacturing)

Increasing inequality

Inducing distributional conflict (rent-seeking, violence)

Undermining democracy and governance (taxation, transparency, accountability)

“greed

and

grievance”

Niger Delta Oil Fields

Onshore fields

Offshore fields

Niger Delta at Night

Gas Flares

Nigeria - Conflicts

Unemployment

Environmental degradation (flaring, spillage)

Resource contention

Intra-/Inter-community conflict

Protection rackets (private and public)

Illegal oil bunkering and theft

Kidnapping and hostage-taking

Issues

Poverty – 70% live below poverty line Large gap between rich and poor Health issues – high rates of

HIV/AIDS Literacy – higher than for many

nations in Africa but below world average

Urban/Rural Differences

Prebendalism

Disbursing of public offices and state rents to one’s ethnic-based clients.

Prebendalism deepened sectional cleavages eroded the resources of the state discouraged genuinely productive activity in civil

society expanded the class of individuals who live off state

patronage Transparency International lists Nigeria as

one of the world’s most corrupt nations