March 16-18 1A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

The Decay Ring -First Design-

A. Chancé, J.PayetCEA/DSM/DAPNIA/SACM

March 16-18 2A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

Summary

•General parameters

•Optical functions

•The injection system

•Optical properties

•Decay products losses

March 16-18 3A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

General parameters

• Total length 6931 m, arc length 1080 m.

• The injection is located in the arc.

• Low contribution of the optic to the ν-beam angular divergence.

• Free straight sections, at each arc entry, enable decay products extraction.

6He2+ 18Ne10+

100 100

Energie (GeV) 555 1669

BT.m) 931 559

(s) at rest 0.8 1.67

rmsmm.mrad) 0.233 0.465

N Injected (ions/batch) 0.9 1013 4.9 1011

N Stored (ions/batch) 1.3 1014 1.5 1013

688 m

2385 m

Parameters of the radioactive ion beams

injection

Decay ring

March 16-18 4A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

At the injection point, dispersion is as high as possible (8.18 m) while the horizontal beta function is as low as possible (13.1 m).

Free straight sections behind the first bend, used as a dispersion suppressor, are designed to enable extraction of the decay products coming from the long straight sections.

Optical functions in the long straight sections keep the ν beam angle growth below 5%.

The arc is a 2 insertion. Optical functions in the arcs are smaller to reduce magnet apertures.

Optical functions

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

b1/2 (m) bx1/2

by1/2

Dx

nx = 18.23

ny = 10.16

s (m)

Half ring optical functions

Arc optical functions

-5

0

5

10

15

20

99,48 299,48 499,48 699,48 899,48 1099,48

b1/2 (m)

bx1/2

by1/2

Dx

s (m)

March 16-18 5A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

Injection

-2,5

0,0

2,5

5,0

7,5

10,0

0 50 100 150

-2,5

0,0

2,5

5,0

7,5

10,0

0 50 100 150-2,5

0,0

2,5

5,0

7,5

10,0

0 50 100 150

Layout

deviated beam kicker

injectedbeam

SEPTUM E/E D

Dispersive area

Horizontal envelopes at injection

Deviated beam

Injected beam

Injected beam

after one turn

envelopes (cm)

Septum blade

s (m)

• Injection is located in a dispersive area

• The stored beam is pushed near the septum blade with 4 “kickers”. At each injection, a part of the beam is lost in the septum

• Fresh beam is injected off momentum on its chromatic orbit. “Kickers” are switched off before injected beam comes back

• During the first turn, the injected beam stays on its chromatic orbit and passes near the septum blade

• Injection energy depends on the distance between the deviated stored beam and the fresh beam axis

March 16-18 6A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

Beam losses and beam size (in rms number)

Power lost by the stored beam on the septum blade

T

EN

a

aP

T

ITlosses

112

21

10

• T : repetition rate (8 s)

: half-life of the ion at rest

• NI : injected ions number at each injection

• a : transmission coefficient of the stored beam through the septum blade

• a is related to the number of rms, nm

• 1D Gaussian beam distribution assumed

mn

dxxfa

Then, with 4.1 rms for the stored beam and 3.3 rms for the injected beam, the deposited power on the septum blade is below 20 W.

The relative injection energy is then about 0.5%.

The “kicker” deviations are 1.1 mrad (0.5 T) and 0.41 mrad (0.38 T)

1E+0

1E+1

1E+2

1E+3

1E+4

1E+5

1E+6

0 1 2 3 4 5

Losses (W)

Number of rms

Helium

Neon

March 16-18 7A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

Beam envelopes

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

0 1000 2000 3000

envelopes (cm) Horizontal

Verticals(m)

Injected beam envelopes

Stored beam envelopes

In the long straight sections, the apertures (±5 cm in both planes) are defined by the stored beam sizes.

In the arc, the horizontal aperture is defined by the injected beam and the vertical one by the stored beam sizes.

By arc, there are 590 m of 5 T field bend with 4 cm radius aperture.

The injection septum is 22.5 m long and its field is 1 T.

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

0 1000 2000 3000

envelopes (cm)Horizontal

Verticals (m)

March 16-18 8A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

2nd order study

10

10,25

10,5

10,75

11

18 18,25 18,5 18,75 19

4th order

3rd order

2nd order

νx

νz

Chromaticity corrected by 2 families of sextupoles.

Arcs are 2Pi insertions. The tunes are given by the

straight sections phase advances.

It is quite easy to optimize the tunes.

The working point is chosen according to :

1. the dynamic aperture

2. the momentum acceptance

Physically, the momentum acceptance is limited by the septum position.0

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,1

0,12

-0,1 -0,05 0 0,05 0,1

z (m)

x (m)

Dynamic aperture at the injection point

Best point

March 16-18 9A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

Decay products extraction

-0,1

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

2300 2350 2400

HorizontalVertical

s (m)

envelopes (m)

Fluorine extraction

Bρ(18F9+) ≈ 621 T.m

-0,3

-0,2

-0,1

0,0

0,1

2300 2350 2400

HorizontalVertical

s (m)

envelopes (m)

Lithium extraction

Bρ(6Li3+) ≈ 621 T.m

Two free straight sections after the first arc dipole enable the extraction of decay products coming from long straight sections.

Lithium extraction can be made without a septum.

Fluorine extraction needs an additional septum.

In the Lithium extraction case, the first bend aperture has to be increased to 5 cm.

The permanent septum for Fluorine extraction is 22.5 m long and its field is 0.6 T.

Fluorine extraction

Lithium extraction

March 16-18 10A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

Decay products losses in the arcsLithium deposit

Fluorine deposit

We have begun studying the repartition of the disintegrations in the arcs.

Most of decay products deposits come into the dipoles.

Problem of radioprotection in the arc

Problem of dipole cooling

This design is not valuable due to this deposit level

0

25

50

75

100

35 45 55 65

Pdeposit (W/m)

s (m)

0

2,5

5

7,5

10

12,5

15

17,5

20

35 45 55 65

Pdeposit (W/m)

s (m)

March 16-18 11A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

Decay products losses in the arcs (2)Most of Lithium is deposited at the middle of dipoles

we have divided the dipoles in two 6T bends and separated them with a drift.

The chamber sizes between the two dipoles are small to maximize the deposition here.

Problem of radioprotection

Fewer problems in the dipoles

The injection section must still be studied.

We have to compare with the TRIUMF results.

Helium decay

Neon decay0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

35 45 55 65

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5Pdeposit (W/m)

s (m)

Chamber size (cm)

0

2,5

5

7,5

10

12,5

15

17,5

20

35 45 55 65

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5Pdeposit (W/m)

Chamber size (cm)

s (m)

March 16-18 12A. Chancé, J. Payet DAPNIA/SACM / Beta-beam ECFA/BENE Workshop

Conclusions

Some positive remarks can be made :

•The injection system and the bending magnet seem realistic.

•The contribution of the optic to the ν-beam angular divergence is low.

•The decay ring length, 6930 m, is what was expected.

•Free straight sections, at each arc entry enable the extraction of a part of decay products.

More studies are yet needed :

•The acceptable beam losses on the septum blade have to be defined according to the radio-protection.

•This can modify the beam sizes and then the injection energy, the apertures and the fields of the magnetic elements.

•A new design could focus most of losses outside the bends. Recently, we are working on this.