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March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

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Ground-Based Inerting Proof of Concept Flight Test in Conjunction with the Boeing Company. March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA. Outline. Background Instrumentation Inerting Data Ground Testing Flight Testing. Background. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D Boeing GBI Flight Test __________________________________ March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA Ground-Based Inerting Proof of Concept Flight Test in Conjunction with the Boeing Company
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Page 1: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________

March 27-28, 2001International Aircraft Systems Fire

Protection Working GroupLong Beach, CA

Ground-Based Inerting Proof ofConcept Flight Test in Conjunction

with the Boeing Company

Page 2: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________

Outline

• Background• Instrumentation• Inerting Data• Ground Testing• Flight Testing

Page 3: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Background

• Focus of the testing is to determine if the Existing Fleet Vented Fuel Tanks Will Maintain NEA Benefit for a Significant Amount of Time

• Boeing Offered Use a Boeing B-737NG as the Test Aircraft

• Air Liquide Provided an NEA Generator with Delivery Equipment at Low Cost

• Boeing to Provide Aircraft NEA Manifold, Support Personnel, Data Acquisition, and Most Instrumentation.

• Tech Center to Provide Oxygen Analysis Equipment

Page 4: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Flight Test Instrumentation

• Oxygen Analysis System Provides 8 Channels of Continuous Oxygen Concentration Data– Actively Controls Sample Inlet and Outlet Pressure.– Flow Through Sensor Design– Fluid Traps, Ejector/Evacuator, Flame Suppressors for Safety

• Other Instrumentation– CWT Thermocouples– Flight Data (air speed, altitude, attitude)– Fuel Load– Wind Data

Page 5: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________System Block Diagram

Page 6: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Sample Port Location Diagram

Page 7: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Fuel Tank Inerting

• Only Inerted the CWT with Properly Operating Manifold 3 Times– Fuel Clogged Lines and Prevented Equal Distribution at

Different Times– Data Looks Consistent with Lab Observations– Manifold not Balanced for Optimal Delivery Distribution

• Performed Non-Dimensional Analysis and Compared with Existing Models– Volumetric Tank Exchange Measured at Approximately 1.7

Tank Volumes

Page 8: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ GBI Inerting Data

0.0

5.0

10.0

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time (minutes)

Oxy

gen

Con

cent

ratio

n (%

Vol

)

Averge Center Bay

Average Left Cheek

Average Right Cheek

CWT GBI, 0% Fuel95% NEA @ 90 CFM

8% Line

Page 9: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ GBI Inerting Data

0

0.2

0.4

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0.8

1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Volumetric Tank Exchange

Iner

ting

Rat

io

BBJ GBI Data Perfect Mixing Solution FAA Empirical Polynomial Target

CWT GBI, 0% Fuel95% NEA @ 90 CFM

Page 10: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________

Flight/Ground Testing Data Reduction(Preliminary)

• Involved Averaging Oxygen Concentration and Ullage Temperature at the Three Primary Areas in CWT; Center Section, Left Cheek, and Right Cheek

• Calculated Average of Above Three Areas• Marked Some Critical Events• Data Plotted Every 1 Minute

Page 11: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Test 002-01 Condition .001

(Ground Test w/ 0% CWT - Cross Vented Config.)

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Time

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2

O2 SENS #1 FILT (%) O2 SENS #2 FILT (%) O2 SENS #4 FILT (%) O2 SENS #5 FILT (%) O2 SENS #6 FILT (%) O2 SENS #7 FILT (%) O2 SENS #8 FILT (%)

Raw Data Presented

Page 12: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Test 002-02 Condition .003

(Ground Test w/ 0% CWT - Simulated Wind - Cross Vented Config.)

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O2 SENS #1 FILT (%) O2 SENS #2 FILT (%) O2 SENS #4 FILT (%) O2 SENS #5 FILT (%) O2 SENS #6 FILT (%) O2 SENS #7 FILT (%) O2 SENS #8 FILT (%)

Raw Data Presented

Page 13: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ GBI Test Data

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Time (minutes)

Oxy

gen

Con

cent

ratio

n (%

Vol

)

Averge Center Bay

Average Left Cheek

Average Right Cheek

Empty CWT, Calm Wind

StartPacs

Page 14: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ GBI Test Data

0

1

2

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5

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8

9

10

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time (minutes)

Oxy

gen

Con

cent

ratio

n (%

Vol

)

Averge Center Bay

Average Left Cheek

Average Right Cheek

CWT 20% Full, Inerted Before FuelSimulated Calm Winds

Start Fueling

Stop Fueling

Start Pacs

Page 15: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ GBI Test Data

0

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18

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Time (minutes)

Oxy

gen

Con

cent

ratio

n (%

Vol

)

Average Center Bay

Average Left Cheek

Average Right Cheek

Empty CWT, Simulated WindStart Pacs

Page 16: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ GBI Test Data

0

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4

6

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12

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18

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Time (minutes)

Oxy

gen

Con

cent

ratio

n (%

Vol

)

Averge Center Bay

Average Left Cheek

Average Right Cheek

CWT 80% Full, Inerted Before FuelHigh Natural Winds

Start Fueling

Stop Fueling

Start Pacs

Page 17: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ Ground Test Data

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Time (minutes)

Oxy

gen

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cent

ratio

n (%

vol

)

0 Fuel, Calm Wind

0 Fuel, SimulatedWind

GBI Wind ComparisonCross Vented CWT

Page 18: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________

• Due to Profound Effect of Ground Winds and some Flight Conditions, Vent System was Modified to Prevent Cross Flow After First Flight Test

• Plotted Altitude with Average Bay [O2]s to Illustrate Effect of Flight

• Data Plotted Every 1 Minute

Flight Testing Data

Page 19: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ Flight Test Data

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cent

ratio

n (%

vol

)

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Altit

ude

(ft)

Average Center Bay

Average Left Cheek

Average Right Cheek

Altitude Trace

First Test - 0 FuelCross Vented CWT

Page 20: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ Flight Test Data

0.0

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gen

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cent

ratio

n (%

vol

)

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Altit

ude

(ft)

Average Center Bay

Average Left Cheek

Average Right Cheek

Altitude Trace

Second Test - 0 FuelNo Cross Venting

Page 21: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ Flight Test Data

0.0

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gen

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cent

ratio

n (%

vol

)

0

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Alti

tude

(ft)

Average Center Bay

Average Left Cheek

Average Right Cheek

Altitude Trace

Third Test - 20% FuelNo Cross Venting

Page 22: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ Flight Test Data

0

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25

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Time (minutes)

Oxy

gen

Con

cent

ratio

n (%

vol

)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

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Altit

ude

(ft)

Average Center Bay

Average Left Cheek

Average Right Cheek

Altitude Trace

Forth Test - 40% FuelNo Cross Venting

Page 23: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Boeing BBJ Flight Test Data

0

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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Time (minutes)

Oxy

gen

Con

cent

ratio

n (%

vol

)

0

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25000

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Alti

tude

(ft)

Average Center Bay

Average Left Cheek

Average Right Cheek

Altitude Trace

FifthTest - 80% FuelNo Cross Venting

Page 24: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________

• Compare Overall Fuel Tank [O2] Average to Illustrate Effect of Certain Parameters– Fuel Load Effect Less Profound Then Predicted– Cross Venting Effect Very Pronounced Over a Relatively

Long Cruise– Effect of Fuel Burn Appears to be the Primary Effect on CWT

[O2]

Flight Testing Data Comparison

Page 25: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Effect of Venting Configuration on CWT [O2]

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Time (minutes)

Oxy

gen

Con

cent

ratio

n (%

vol

)

Vent Modified for No X Flow

No Vent Modification

Climb and Cruise0 Fuel Load

Takeoff at Time 0

Page 26: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Effect of Fuel Load on CWT [O2]

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gen

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cent

ratio

n (%

vol

)

80% Fuel Load

40 % Fuel Load

20% Fuel Load

Zero Fuel

Climb and CruiseNo Cross Venting

Takeoff at Time 0

Page 27: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Effect of Climb on Tank [O2]

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Altitude (ft)

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gen

Con

cent

ratio

n C

hang

e(%

vol

) 80% Fuel

40% Fuel

20% Fuel

0% Fuel

0-35K Foot ClimbNo Cross Venting

Page 28: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________Effect of Fuel Burn on Tank [O2]

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0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0%

Fuel Load

Oxy

gen

Con

cent

ratio

n (%

vol

)

80% Fuel

40% Fuel

20% Fuel

Cruise Speed at AltitudeNo Cross Venting

Page 29: March 27-28, 2001 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Long Beach, CA

AAR-422 Fire Safety R&D

Boeing GBI Flight Test___________________________________

• GBI Was Easily Accomplished by Distributing NEA into a CWT with a Basic Distribution Manifold

• GBI Can Provide Significant Protection Through Takeoff and the Beginning of Cruise to a Vented CWT (No X Venting) Even with Relatively High Fuel Loads

• Care Must be Taken to Ensure Minimal X Venting due to High Ground Winds and Some Flight Maneuvers

Summary


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