New Nation Study Guide New Nation Study Guide {Extra Credit}{Extra Credit}

By Maria Tashjian and By Maria Tashjian and Chloe WongChloe Wong

VocabularyVocabularyWhat are the meanings?What are the meanings?

Precedent Precedent Foreign PolicyForeign Policy CabinetCabinet

An action/decision that later An action/decision that later serves as an example?serves as an example?

How does it relate to the How does it relate to the economic crisis we are economic crisis we are currently dealing with?currently dealing with?

PRECEDENTPRECEDENT

A nation’s views and actions towards A nation’s views and actions towards other nations (opposite is “Domestic other nations (opposite is “Domestic Policy” which is how a country deals Policy” which is how a country deals with issues within its own country)with issues within its own country)

Secretary of State’s jobSecretary of State’s job Reason for having these relations Reason for having these relations with other countries; aid, loans, with other countries; aid, loans, wars, trade, etc.wars, trade, etc.

FOREIGN POLICYFOREIGN POLICY

Group of official advisors to the Group of official advisors to the president; heads of government president; heads of government departments.departments.

EX. Henry Paulson head of Treasury, EX. Henry Paulson head of Treasury, Condoleezza Rice Secretary of State.Condoleezza Rice Secretary of State.

During George Washington’s During George Washington’s presidency only 4 departments, now presidency only 4 departments, now 15 departments.15 departments.

CABINETCABINET

Life in 1790Life in 1790

How did people communicate and How did people communicate and get news?get news?

What jobs did people do?What jobs did people do?

Life in 1970- Life in 1970- CommunicationCommunication

No phones, computer, televisionNo phones, computer, television LetterLetter NewspaperNewspaper Posters (broadsides)Posters (broadsides) PamphletsPamphlets BooksBooks Messengers on horses, shipsMessengers on horses, ships Took weeks to get newsTook weeks to get news The Post Office Act of 1972 to set The Post Office Act of 1972 to set up the postal system.up the postal system.

Life in 1970- JobsLife in 1970- Jobs Apothecary- medical careApothecary- medical care BarberBarber BlacksmithBlacksmith BookbinderBookbinder Breeches makerBreeches maker BrickmakerBrickmaker CabinetmakerCabinetmaker CarpenterCarpenter Chandler- candle makerChandler- candle maker CoachmakerCoachmaker Culter- made/sold knives and Culter- made/sold knives and

scissorsscissors Farrier- horse care Farrier- horse care Goldsmith- made hollow ware Goldsmith- made hollow ware

Ex. BowlsEx. Bowls GunsmithGunsmith HatterHatter Leather dresserLeather dresser

Mantuamaker- dressmaker Mantuamaker- dressmaker Milliner- made dresses, Milliner- made dresses,

hats, accessorieshats, accessories Music TeacherMusic Teacher PrinterPrinter RopemakerRopemaker Saddler- made saddles, Saddler- made saddles,

harnesses, leather itemsharnesses, leather items ShoemakerShoemaker SilversmithSilversmith StoreownerStoreowner TeacherTeacher Tavern Keeper- hotel keeperTavern Keeper- hotel keeper WeaverWeaver Wheelwright- made wheels and Wheelwright- made wheels and

cartscarts WigmakerWigmaker Whitesmith- made things of Whitesmith- made things of

iron and steel, then iron and steel, then polished them to look silverpolished them to look silver

Geography of 1970Geography of 1970

What are disadvantages of the What are disadvantages of the land?land?

What are advantages of the What are advantages of the land?land?

1970 Geography 1970 Geography DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Appalachian mountains make it hard Appalachian mountains make it hard to travel by footto travel by foot

Wide ocean borders make it easy for Wide ocean borders make it easy for invaders to attack by seainvaders to attack by sea

Rivers only flows in one direction, Rivers only flows in one direction, towards the Gulf of Mexico, so can towards the Gulf of Mexico, so can only travel by boat on it, in a only travel by boat on it, in a South direction.South direction.

North and South has territory owned North and South has territory owned by Spain and Britainby Spain and Britain

1970 Geography 1970 Geography AdvantagesAdvantages

Many rivers- for trade routes Many rivers- for trade routes and transportation by boatand transportation by boat

Appalachian Mts. block out Appalachian Mts. block out invaders from neighboring invaders from neighboring enemiesenemies

Open oceans allows traders from Open oceans allows traders from other countries enterother countries enter

A lot of water resourcesA lot of water resources

Important People…Important People…

Who was the first Vice Who was the first Vice president?president?

Who was the first Secretary of Who was the first Secretary of State?State?

Who was the first Secretary of Who was the first Secretary of Treasury?Treasury?

Vice President:Vice President:

John Adams was the first Vice presidentJohn Adams was the first Vice president He wasn’t chosen by George WashingtonHe wasn’t chosen by George Washington Was able to watch debates in Congress, Was able to watch debates in Congress, but no allowed to vote unless there was but no allowed to vote unless there was a tie.a tie.

Wife-Abigail AdamsWife-Abigail Adams He became the second presidentHe became the second president Not allowed to stay during any meetings Not allowed to stay during any meetings that involved the president and the that involved the president and the cabinet. cabinet.

Secretary of StateSecretary of State

• Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson• Disagreed with Alexander Disagreed with Alexander Hamilton about almost Hamilton about almost everything.everything.

• EX. National bank, Loose vs. EX. National bank, Loose vs. Strict ConstructionStrict Construction

• Feared federal government had Feared federal government had too much powertoo much power

Secretary of TreasurySecretary of Treasury

Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton Had to deal with America’s debt Had to deal with America’s debt after the Revolutionary Warafter the Revolutionary War

Leader of Federalist PartyLeader of Federalist Party Couldn’t become President Couldn’t become President because born in Caribbeanbecause born in Caribbean

Born poor, orphan Born poor, orphan

Money issues the country Money issues the country faced, and what did we do faced, and what did we do

about it?about it? In 1788 the US government sold In 1788 the US government sold what to the farmers?what to the farmers?

Who did we borrow money from, Who did we borrow money from, and later this country tried to and later this country tried to overthrow their government as overthrow their government as well?well?

The US sold…The US sold…

BondsBonds A kind of loan that you get back A kind of loan that you get back more interestmore interest

Many farmers sold their bonds to Many farmers sold their bonds to spectators because they didn’t spectators because they didn’t think the government would ever pay think the government would ever pay them back.them back.

In the end the government used this In the end the government used this money (the farmers) to pay for the money (the farmers) to pay for the war.war.

Borrowed from…Borrowed from…

FranceFrance America couldn’t pay them back America couldn’t pay them back at firstat first

Went broke as well due to Went broke as well due to government’s spendinggovernment’s spending

Had a monarchy Had a monarchy

Strict Construction vs. Strict Construction vs. Loose ConstructionLoose Construction

What is it called when you take What is it called when you take what the framer of the what the framer of the

Constitution meant and apply it Constitution meant and apply it to another situation?to another situation?

What is it called when you What is it called when you limit the meaning of the limit the meaning of the

Constitution to only what is Constitution to only what is specifically stated? specifically stated?

Applying what the framers Applying what the framers said to other situations…said to other situations…

Loose ConstructionLoose Construction Alexander Hamilton believed in Alexander Hamilton believed in

thisthis

Literal meaningLiteral meaning

Strict ConstructionStrict Construction Thomas Jefferson believed in Thomas Jefferson believed in thisthis

Creation of the Creation of the National BankNational Bank

Why was Alexander Hamilton so Why was Alexander Hamilton so supportive of his idea of supportive of his idea of creating a national bank?creating a national bank?

Why did Thomas Jefferson feel Why did Thomas Jefferson feel that it was unconstitutional to that it was unconstitutional to make a national bank?make a national bank?

Alexander Hamilton’s Alexander Hamilton’s view:view:

Alexander Hamilton was so Alexander Hamilton was so supportive of the national bank supportive of the national bank because:because:

He thought that it would help He thought that it would help store tax money store tax money

Establish single currency for Establish single currency for the nation.the nation.

Thomas Jefferson’s Thomas Jefferson’s view:view:

Thomas Jefferson thought it was Thomas Jefferson thought it was unconstitutional to make a unconstitutional to make a national bank becausenational bank because

it never stated in the it never stated in the constitution that we could, constitution that we could, also it wasn’t “necessary or also it wasn’t “necessary or proper”.proper”.

Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

Why do we (America) invade Why do we (America) invade other countries?other countries?

When is it okay to invade other When is it okay to invade other countries, when they weren’t countries, when they weren’t asking for help?asking for help?

Invasion of other Invasion of other countriescountries

Answers may vary, but I believe…Answers may vary, but I believe…

We invade other countries so we canWe invade other countries so we can help them get rid of a dictatorhelp them get rid of a dictator help them get independence and help them get independence and freedomfreedom

give food and water to help give food and water to help survive etc…survive etc…

When is it okay to When is it okay to invade?invade?

There are many possible answers, but I There are many possible answers, but I believe…believe…

Its okay to invade other countries when Its okay to invade other countries when there's been thousands of people dyingthere's been thousands of people dying to help the citizens get back on to help the citizens get back on their feet their feet

to help spread democracy in the world. to help spread democracy in the world.

Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation

Was it an overall good decision Was it an overall good decision to stay neutral?to stay neutral?

Staying Neutral Staying Neutral Good/Bad?Good/Bad?

It was a GOOD decision because then we can It was a GOOD decision because then we can build our country, earn/get more moneybuild our country, earn/get more money

Not be attacked by Spain and Britain because Not be attacked by Spain and Britain because they are the countries that surrounded usthey are the countries that surrounded us

Still be really good trading partners with Still be really good trading partners with Britain.Britain.

It was a BAD decision because we broke the It was a BAD decision because we broke the treaty with France saying that we would treaty with France saying that we would always help them outalways help them out

Maybe because we weren’t honest with them by Maybe because we weren’t honest with them by not keeping our promise they wont have our not keeping our promise they wont have our back the next time we are in war or have a back the next time we are in war or have a big problem big problem

Slavery: George Slavery: George WashingtonWashington

Was George Washington against Was George Washington against slavery?slavery?

Could slavery be completely Could slavery be completely illegal in 20 years from the illegal in 20 years from the writing of the bill of rights?writing of the bill of rights?

George Washington’s George Washington’s SlavesSlaves

No he was not because he owned slaves.No he was not because he owned slaves. Most of the slaves he owned was his Most of the slaves he owned was his wife Martha’s. Then when they got wife Martha’s. Then when they got married he was in charge of them.married he was in charge of them.

Wasn’t incredibly cruel to them: worked Wasn’t incredibly cruel to them: worked 6 days a week from sunrise the sundown.6 days a week from sunrise the sundown.

Owned 314 slaves totalOwned 314 slaves total He wanted to let his slaves free after He wanted to let his slaves free after being president but he dies three years being president but he dies three years later and never had a chance to.later and never had a chance to.

Slavery in the Bill of Slavery in the Bill of RightsRights

No, the bill of rights said that it No, the bill of rights said that it could be abandoned in 20 years, could be abandoned in 20 years, but nothing was official. but nothing was official.

George Washington’s George Washington’s Farewell AddressFarewell Address

Explain the advice Washington Explain the advice Washington gives the country on the gives the country on the economy, politics and foreign economy, politics and foreign policy.policy.

Washington warned that political Washington warned that political parties could divide the country, so if parties could divide the country, so if the people believed that the the people believed that the constitution should be changed then constitution should be changed then they should do so by adding an they should do so by adding an amendment. In order to have a strong amendment. In order to have a strong economy, the country should avoid economy, the country should avoid borrowing money as much as possible so borrowing money as much as possible so we don’t go into debt. We should treat we don’t go into debt. We should treat other nations with respect and have other nations with respect and have peace with them. He also believed to peace with them. He also believed to have good business relations with have good business relations with different nations. different nations.

THE ENDTHE END

Thank youThank you