Mariculture: Fish culture management

•Form•Basic Principles•Species•Disadvantages•Market demand•Culture Technique

Decreasing numbers of fish

Sequential disappearance of economic species from the

catch…..

1 2 3

An opportunity …

• Market transformation

• Reduce destructive

• Compensate short-term

losses

• Law rainfall

• Good water quality

• Weak storm

• Protected bays

Marine culture practices:

Basic Principles

Un-limited DOContinue water exchangeCommon Properties: Right to operate, not OwnUn-control parameters

+ brood stocks

+ cheap trash fish (food brood stocks)

+ live fish trade

+ marine culture practices

- Technical knowledge

-Infrastructure facilities

- Un-control parameter- Subject to physical disturbance- High Cost (Speed boat)- Security Risk- Transportation Risk- Maintenance

Advantages vs weaknesses

Seeds from hatchery

+ no pressure on wild stocks

+ regular/controlled seed supplies

- Capital intensive

- skills intensive

Marine culture, seeds from wild nature

+ cheap, easily available

- Pressure to nature/wild stocks?

- Irreagular supplies

Experiment ‘Gango’

(Nov. 1997 - Feb. 1999)

Un-successful

… full cycle marine culture!! ….

Species OptionPre-requisite

1. Artificial reproduction

2. Mass fry production

3. Market demand

4. Coop to stress

5. Resistance to diseases

6. Growth

Hatchery,

trade &

marketing

Cage culture

grow out

inputs (training, seeds, pellet, cages, etc.)

output (fish harvest, market size)

Community engagement:

Hatchery multi-species

Low risk, low profit:

Baramundi (Lates calcarifer)

Red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus)

Medium risk, medium profit

High risk, high profit

Estuary grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)

Mouse grouper (Cromileptes altivelis)

Culture Technique•Land & Marine Based•Sofisticated (High Tech)

• Natural Feed• Hermaproditsm• Canibalism

•Variety of Skill (diver, FAD)

Full cycle grouper culture ....

algae

rotifer artemia pelletBrood

eggs larva post-larva seeds

Cage culture Cage culture Cage cultureCage culture

FORM

Tanks for algae & rotifer

Indoor & outdoor tanks for larva

Tanks for larva - indoor

Larva monitoring

Larva monitoring

Treatment/sedimentation ponds

Development steps:

• Business plan & brood stock facilities

• Gango, hatchery development

• Training for community – pilot project

• Environmental impact assessment, best practice

• Transfer marine culture to private sector

• Project run by PT. Karamba Merta Buana

Pilot project:

Warloka, November 2003

Menjaga, Mei/Juni 2004

PartnersTechnical assistance:

• Lolit Budidaya Air Payau

Gondol, Bali ; Situbondo

Market demand:

•Sea food restorant

•Prestigeous SeaFood

•Healthy Fish

•Overfishing of Reef Fishery

In short ....

• An opportunity – alternative livelihood

• MPA strategy to finally increase catch

• Transform capture base to culture base

• Environmentally friendly

• Local brood stocks

• Best practices

• Impact assessment

Terimakasih …