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Managing University Resources: Increasing and Diversifying Financial Resources and Developing
Public Private Partnerships
Marina DabicUniversity of Zagreb
Faculty of Economics and [email protected]
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Overview of the presentation University Funding Case of Croatia Initial Findings: A Study in Diversity Implementing change in the face of diversity: No
common starting points in countries that we took in consideration
Facing the cost of change: Differing levels of support
Requirements for change Working groups aims
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THE EMERGING HIGER EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT
STUDENTS* ENLIGHENED & DEMANDING
* NEW DIMENSION OF KNOWLEDGESATISFACTION
SUPPLIERS
TEHNOLOGY* RAPID ADVANCEMENT
*SHORTENED LIFECYCLES
MARKET* GLOBALISATION
* TURBULENCE
EXISTINGCOMPETITORS
NEWCOMPETITORS
UNIVERSITIES UNDER
GROWING PRESSURE
* TIME - TO - MARKET PRESSURE
* PRICING PRESSURE
* GLOBAL QUALITY STANDARDS
* VARIETY & CUSTOMISATION
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Our objectives is to find answers to listed questions What’s right What’s wrong What is important Are we going forward or backward What’s needed to be done
A new approach
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What ‘we’ need to see A perfect match to declared objectives Opportunity for positive association The level of the posibiliy of goal achievement A demonstrable awareness of what we are all
about
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It is what we asked for • A clear problem • A fresh approach • Something no-one has done before • Something that will make a difference • Something that will transfer Contribute to the funding debate from an institutional Perspective Provide examples of good practice in financial resources
and full public private partnership Identify the relationship between funding/costing and autonomy, governance and accountability. Further
develop initial findings through integration of external presentations and experience from participating experts
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Drivers of Change
Shifts emphasis –from funding to resource and activities
Global monitoring of university resources Innovative creation of solution concepts to
exploit technology Funding of technology creation only in very
special cases or that should be applicable to all
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Integrated Research Programmes for Scale of Impact
Increase probability of impact by alignment behind common goals:•Stakeholders, Funding, People, skills/capabilities, disciplines•Weight of effort and skills spectrum to match problem•Clarity of direction for all stakeholders towards exploitation•Spin-off disruptive technologies within relevance envelope•Greater potential for the scale of impact
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University Funding: Approaching a crossroads
University
Competence set
Model of Financing
Matching performance management
systems
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GROUP WORK TASK Duration 30 minutes Analyse the chosen universities from your respective
countries by applying four elements of SWOT analysis. Please write down the results on a piece of paper.
Choose a group representative to present results of their SWOT analysis to the audience.
Finally, let us compare the results of each group and identify common charachteristics of the results.
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Assessment Review ProcessAn Interactive Discussion during Workshop
Start At The Highest Level– Defining Success (SWOT)
• What is it?• How it is measured?
– What Have you Done To-Date (IP, Research Tool & funding,key budget issues )
• Competitiveness of faculty and staff salaries, etc.
– What Is Needed to Pursue (Work Plans) • Innovation Management• IP Warehouse/Tools, etc.• Student Faculty ratio• Research Networks
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What Do We Need To Continue Growing & Expanding?
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SWOT AnalysisStrength
What areas have produced success to-date?
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SWOT Analysis
WeaknessesWhat are we missing today that will be critical
to have in place and operating effectively in order to achieve the goals we set (Financial
& Otherwise)?
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SWOT AnalysisOpportunities
What situations exist that will enable us to maintain and improve our success
and find new levels of performance and results?
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SWOT Analysis
ThreatsWhat issues are out there that can or will
challenge our ability to meet your development targets?
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Task 2Internal / External Assessment
Where Do You Stand Compared to Other Universities:
In Your Country In Europe Worldwide
Give the mark from 1(lowest)-5 (highest) Put the marks on the pieece of the paer without
naming university. Discussion
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What we like What could be improved What is valued What worked well in the financing Credibility The Future
The HE Roadmap
Three Questions
#1 What are today’s most pressing scientific challenges?
#2 What are the road blocks to progress and finacial growth?
#3 What efforts bridge HE as a whole?
Three Major Topics# #1 Enrollment growth and graduate
enrollment “Networks and pathways”
#2 Research teams of the future“Interdisciplinary”“Public private partnerships”
#3 Re-engineering the university's financial sources
“University's Research networks““Community research”
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Which universities have produced success to-date?
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What Are Your Universities Primary Needs Regarding The Universites
Resources?
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In Addition To Financial Targets, What Other Metrics Might You
Consider?
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1 5
32 4
The Legislative framework
1 5
32 4
-Science and Research
1 5
32 4
1 5
32 4
On Track
Warning
Off Track
On target
Excellent
Innovation
Public Perception
1 5
32 4
Trend
01Q1 01Q2 01Q3 01Q4
Trend
01Q1 01Q2 01Q3 01Q4
Trend
01Q1 01Q2 01Q3 01Q4
Trend
01Q1 01Q2 01Q3 01Q4
Financing from the National Budget and own revenue
1 5
32 4
Trend
01Q1 01Q2 01Q3 01Q4
Non profit or profit making institutions
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How does the co-operation work?
Matching business needs with applied research potential of the University
Applying for additional resources to finance joint projects
Coordinating the protection and marketing of University's intellectual property
Informing on innovation and entrepreneurship
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Do you have regulations of the University on the protection of intellectual property rights and the handling of intellectual property?
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Current Environment
Lack of consistent administrative rules and clear national legislation regarding ownership rights to IP created at academic institutions
throughout the CEE hurt both the inventors and the institutions.– Lack of clear ownership of IP leads to delays in licensing processes (at
a minimum) and at worst makes IP impossible to license at all.
– The academic institutions in the CEE must work at the national level, if necessary, to ensure that the ownership rights in the academic field are clearly defined.
Institutions may lose financial opportunities because they may not provide sufficient administrative support and incentive for researchers to entrust the administration with their IP.
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UniversityInnovation Fund
Exploitation of University IP(20% to UF, 50-80% to inventor)
INCOMES
COSTS
UniversityCentral Budget
(=???)
Fees ofIP Protection Running expenses of
Patents
Other costs
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Learning from best
“Taking inspiration from the United States, nearly all other OECD countries have reformed research funding regulations or employment laws to allow research institutions to file, own and license the IP generated with public research funds.” Prominent among these are Germany, Austria, Denmark, Norway, Japan and Korea.See: OECD report “Turning Science into Business: Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organizations 2003”
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Benefits of partnership in the US
450 new companies were formed in 2002 based on University research. Since 1980 - 4,320 companies have been formed
2,076 new products have been created by university researchers
Universities and their scientists received $ 1.3 billion in 2002 from technology transfer activities (3.6% of total funding)
260,000 new high paying jobs created (1999 Survey)
40 Billion added to US economy (1999 Survey)
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Year
U.S. Patents Filed on behalf of Universities
Patents Filed
Observations:• Patent Activity Accelerates• 9-Year Trend Of Steady Growth• An increase of 244% in ten years
Source: AUTM, 2000 Survey
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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Year
U.S. Invention Disclosures at Universities
InventionDisclosures
Observations:• 9-Years Of Consistent Growth• An increase of 66% in ten years
Source: AUTM, 2000 Survey
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Patent Office Statistics
Each week, the Patent Office issues approximately 3,500 new patents.
– 1998: 240,090 applications filed
– 2002: 335,418 applications filed
– An increment of 40% in 4 years
Biotechnology-related patent applications increased 154% from 1996 to 2002, from 18,695 applications to 47,473.
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Exploitation of University IP
National and EU Funds
Industrial finance
Collaborators
Material Transfer Agreements
Secrecy Declarations
„Only” publication„Only” publication University Ownership of the
IP
University Ownership of the
IP
Common Ownership of the IP
Common Ownership of the IP
Used IPWho owns the IP?Who owns the IP?
Service patent?
Employee’s patent?
Inventor’s patent?
Who has the right of exploitation?
Who has the right to buy a license?
1. Inventor 2. Inventor … n. Inventor
Industrial partner owns the IP
Industrial partner owns the IP
Royalty to the University?
No more question.
To be decidedTo be
decided
OutputsOutputs
StakeholdersStakeholdersUniversity
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Levels of Technology Transfer
Service type functions
Managing industrial partners
Building up an IP portfolio (patents etc.)
IP marketing (lisence stb.)
Spin-off companies
Business type functions
„Pre-seed” financing
Complexity
IP-legal advise and support
• Material Transfer Agreements• Secrecy Declarations• Consultancy
Changing the attitude towards patenting
Incubator, science park
Level 1University patent office(~”local IP manager”)
Level 2Full function TTO – incubator(„business-development”)
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Patent WarehousingIs This A Strategy to Be Pursued?
What is it?– Independent Non-profits managing patents and
have the authority to grant licenses– Warehouse provides holders with a minimum
income based on % generated by the warehouse– Primary Purpose of Patent Warehousing– Promote scientific progress & technology
development by providing incentives for inventors and entrepreneurs
– How Established Is This Strategy?
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• Inventions 151* 669• Licenses 49* 130• Total US Patent Applications 238* 902• Issued US Patents 31* 89• Start-up Companies 4* 14• License Income Millions Received) $2.0 $9.4
• Associated R&D (Millions Committed) $2.7 * $9.6
(~60% of R&D commitments already received)
Performance Metric 2004 5-Yr Total
* Denotes all time high
Technology Transfer Summary John Hopkins University
Key to success
Invention Disclosers
Invention Disclosers
Invention Disclosers
Invention Disclosers
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Task 3. Readiness Assessment
–Evaluates an organizations ability to carry out a defined task(s) or produce a particular set of results
Areas for readiness include:–Adequate staffing (Staff coverage / training)–Policies & procedures –Facilities & equipment –General experience
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Discuss financial success is linked to academic success
and that the process of generating non-government funding is likely in the longer term to increase the differentiation between universities and particularly between the 'successful' and the less 'successful' institutions.
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demonstrable excellence in Learning & Teaching
Evidence of: Student impact Impact on colleagues Impact on community ‘Ambassador’ for University
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Task 4. Learning from Best Practiceresourcing from excellence
Activity Circulate and discuss Decide amongst you which university should be awarded and why. You have 10 minutes for discussion and to give Financial Time
Award! Define criteria to evaluate practice Purpose Context & Content Process Feedback
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What areas of Strategic/Business Development Do You Think Should
Be Pursued?
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Summary -Key messages
•The path to benefit is unclear Raise public awarnase the academic base -step changes towards
Solution Concepts •More joint research / funding bodies •Share risk, share cost, create multiple exploitation routes •Step changes in the use of the funding •New mechanisms of private public partnerships, University positioning •Management and funding cultures, choice of metrics Foster discussion and dialogue among policy makers, practitioners, researchers, professional associations,students
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Developing A Workable PlanNext Steps
Consolidate all of the input from our discussions Place it into a model in which we can fully review
everything in its entirety Review current situation Assess what is really possible Prepare recommendations to be considered