Date post: | 14-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | logan-statham |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Marine Debris in HawaiiMarine Debris in HawaiiCapitol Hill Ocean WeekCapitol Hill Ocean Week
14 June 200614 June 2006
Mary J. Donohue, Ph.D.
University of Hawaii Sea Grant College [email protected]
OutlineOutline
The Problem Impacts Mitigation Science Challenges Recommendations
• Oceanic currents & atmospheric winds = North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
• Subtropical Convergence Zone
(Kubota 1994, Ingraham and Ebbesmeyer 2001, Donohue et al. 2001, Timmers et al. 2005)
Marine Debris MovementMarine Debris Movement
Marine Debris ImpactsMarine Debris Impacts
Degraded Aesthetics
Navigational Hazard / Vessel Damage
Wildlife Ingestion
Wildlife Entanglement / Ghost Fishing
Habitat Damage
Alien Species Vector
Images courtesy NOAA FisheriesImages courtesy NOAA Fisheries
Degraded Aesthetic ValueDegraded Aesthetic Value
Courtesy WESPAC Courtesy WESPAC
Courtesy Environment CanadaCourtesy Environment Canada
Navigational Hazard / Vessel DamageNavigational Hazard / Vessel Damage
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries ServiceCourtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
• Decreased food consumption
• Loss of nutrition
• Internal injury
• Intestinal blockage
• Starvation
• Death
Harmful effects:
Courtesy UH Sea GrantCourtesy UH Sea Grant
Wildlife IngestionWildlife Ingestion
Wildlife EntanglementWildlife Entanglement
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries ServiceCourtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
• Commercial fish & shellfish stocks = up to 30% of landings (Laist 1996)
• 50% of CA derelict lobster traps actively fishing (Gilardi, Pers. Comm.)
• Ghost catch of octopus in Kyushu, Japan = commercial landing (200 - 500K animals) (Matsuoka, Pers. Comm.)
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries ServiceCourtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Ghost FishingGhost Fishing
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries ServiceCourtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Habitat DamageHabitat Damage
Diadumene lineata
Diadumene lineata
Introduction of Alien SpeciesIntroduction of Alien Species
InvasiveInvasivesea anemone sea anemone found on net at found on net at Pearl & Pearl & Hermes Atoll, Hermes Atoll, 20002000
(Zabin (Zabin et al.et al. 2004, Godwin, Pers. Comm.) 2004, Godwin, Pers. Comm.)
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries ServiceCourtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Selected HawaiiSelected Hawaii
Marine Debris Projects Marine Debris Projects • Debris removal Waiohinu - Ka Lae Coast, Hawaii Island*Debris removal Waiohinu - Ka Lae Coast, Hawaii Island*
• Debris removal - main Hawaiian Islands*Debris removal - main Hawaiian Islands*
• Honolulu port reception & recycling program*Honolulu port reception & recycling program*
• Get the Drift and Bag It Beach Cleanup** (TOC)Get the Drift and Bag It Beach Cleanup** (TOC)
• Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi-Agency Marine Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi-Agency Marine Debris Removal*Debris Removal*
*Funded by NOAA ORR Marine Debris Program*Funded by NOAA ORR Marine Debris Program**The Ocean Conservancy annual beach cleanup**The Ocean Conservancy annual beach cleanup
Northwestern Hawaiian IslandsNorthwestern Hawaiian IslandsMulti-Agency Marine Debris CleanupMulti-Agency Marine Debris Cleanup
1998-20031998-2003
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries ServiceCourtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Tow SurveyTow Survey
Net RemovalNet Removal
Net HaulNet HaulOn-loadingOn-loading
Net AnalysisNet Analysis
Courtesy NOAA Courtesy NOAA Fisheries ServiceFisheries Service
Kure AtollKure Atoll
Survey tracks and debris recovery locations
Courtesy National Ocean ServiceCourtesy National Ocean Service
Debris RecyclingDebris Recycling*100 tons of derelict fishing net =*100 tons of derelict fishing net =
552 barrels of oil 552 barrels of oil
323,019 KwH323,019 KwH
43 homes/year 43 homes/year
US $50,000US $50,000
Schnitzer Steel Hawaii Corporation (formerly Hawaii Metals Schnitzer Steel Hawaii Corporation (formerly Hawaii Metals Recycling), City & County of Honolulu, Covanta Energy; *Wigg, Recycling), City & County of Honolulu, Covanta Energy; *Wigg, Pers. Comm.Pers. Comm.
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries ServiceCourtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Science Informing PolicyScience Informing Policy
Trawl 2.3%
Other 2.9%
Misc. Line .95%
Trawl/Seine 83.6%
Monofilament Gillnet 5.2%
Multifilament Gillnet 3.2%
Longline 1.4%
NWHI Fishing Net Marine Debris,1998-2002NWHI Fishing Net Marine Debris,1998-2002
N = 3979
(Boland and Donohue 2005, Donohue (Boland and Donohue 2005, Donohue et al.et al. 2001, Timmers and Donohue 2000, Donohue 2005) 2001, Timmers and Donohue 2000, Donohue 2005)
EPO Tuna FADs?
EPO Tuna FADs?
Twisted KnottedTwisted Knotted Twisted KnotlessTwisted Knotless
Braided KnottedBraided Knotted Braided KnotlessBraided Knotless
Double StrandedDouble Stranded Multi-panel TrawlMulti-panel Trawl
Debris AnalysisDebris Analysis
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries ServiceCourtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
Mesh Size
Perc
enta
ge
# of Samples
Weight
N = 198
Debris Analysis – Monofilament Gill NetDebris Analysis – Monofilament Gill Net
80 – 140 mm Mesh SizeSalmonSquid
(Timmers and Donohue 2000)(Timmers and Donohue 2000)
Oceanography/Remote SensingOceanography/Remote SensingOceanography/Remote SensingOceanography/Remote Sensing
(Donohue and Foley, in review)(Donohue and Foley, in review)
82838485868788899091929394959697989900010203040
5
10
15
20
25
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0 NumberRate
En
tan
gle
men
t ra
teN
um
ber o
f entan
glem
ents
Year
Monk Seal EntanglementsMonk Seal Entanglements 1982-2004 1982-2004
Monk Seal EntanglementsMonk Seal Entanglements 1982-2004 1982-2004
(Henderson 2001, Donohue and Foley, in review)(Henderson 2001, Donohue and Foley, in review)
EL Niño
Biweekly marine debris deposition and El Biweekly marine debris deposition and El NiNiñño at French Frigate Shoals, 1990-2006o at French Frigate Shoals, 1990-2006
(Morishige (Morishige et al.,et al., Pers. Comm.) Pers. Comm.)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Plastic Styrofoam Rope Glass Metal Rubber Wood
El Niño
Non-Event
La Niña
*
**P < 0.05
Debris AccumulationDebris Accumulation
(Boland and Donohue, 2003)(Boland and Donohue, 2003)
ChallengesChallenges
• Polluters transfer costsPolluters transfer costs
• Economic and ecological costsEconomic and ecological costs
• International scopeInternational scope
• MARPOL Annex VMARPOL Annex V
• EnforcementEnforcement
RecommendationsRecommendations
• Expand international / industry participation Expand international / industry participation
• Source identificationSource identification
• Economic analyses of impactsEconomic analyses of impacts
• Scientific studies of impactsScientific studies of impacts
• Maintain removal effortsMaintain removal efforts
• Expand recyclingExpand recycling
• Expand outreach / educationExpand outreach / education
Thank youThank you
For additional information:For additional information:
UH Sea Grant: UH Sea Grant: www.soest.hawaii.edu/seagrantwww.soest.hawaii.edu/seagrant
Mary J. Donohue:Mary J. Donohue: [email protected] [email protected]
Northwestern Hawaiian IslandsNorthwestern Hawaiian IslandsMulti-Agency Marine Debris Cleanup PartnersMulti-Agency Marine Debris Cleanup Partners
National Marine Fisheries Service
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve
Pacific Sea Grant College Programs
Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program
US Coast Guard
US Fish & Wildlife Service
Hawaii Metals Recycling/ Schnitzer Steel Hawaii Corporation
Horizon Waste Services, Inc.
City & County of Honolulu
US Navy
Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council
US State Department
Natural Resources Consultants, Inc.
Hawaii State DLNRHawaii Audubon Society
Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine SanctuaryHawaii Ocean Safety TeamThe Ocean ConservancyOcean Futures SocietyHawaii State DBEDTCovanta Energy
Any omissions unintended
ReferencesReferences
Boland, R. and M.J. Donohue. 2003. Marine debris accumulation in the aquatic habitat Boland, R. and M.J. Donohue. 2003. Marine debris accumulation in the aquatic habitat of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal, of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandiMonachus schauinslandi: an impediment to : an impediment to species recovery? species recovery? Marine Pollution BulletinMarine Pollution Bulletin 46(11):1385-1394. 46(11):1385-1394.
Donohue, M.J., 2005. Eastern Pacific source of Northwestern Hawaiian Islands marine Donohue, M.J., 2005. Eastern Pacific source of Northwestern Hawaiian Islands marine debris supported by errant fish aggregating device. debris supported by errant fish aggregating device. Marine Pollution BulletinMarine Pollution Bulletin 50(6):886-888, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.05.003.50(6):886-888, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.05.003.
Donohue, M.J., 2003. How multi-agency partnerships can address large-scale pollution Donohue, M.J., 2003. How multi-agency partnerships can address large-scale pollution problems: a Hawaii case study. problems: a Hawaii case study. Marine Pollution BulletinMarine Pollution Bulletin 46(6):700-702. Invited 46(6):700-702. Invited manuscript.manuscript.
Donohue, M.J., R. Boland, C.M. Sramek, and G.A. Antonelis. 2001. Derelict fishing gear Donohue, M.J., R. Boland, C.M. Sramek, and G.A. Antonelis. 2001. Derelict fishing gear in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: diving surveys and debris removal at two in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: diving surveys and debris removal at two atolls confirms threat to coral reef ecosystemsatolls confirms threat to coral reef ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42(12):1301-1312.42(12):1301-1312.
Donohue, M.J. and D. Foley. In review. Remote sensing links Hawaiian monk seal Donohue, M.J. and D. Foley. In review. Remote sensing links Hawaiian monk seal conservation, pollution and El Niconservation, pollution and El Niñño. o. Marine Mammal Science.Marine Mammal Science.
Gilardi, K. Personal Communication.Gilardi, K. Personal Communication.
Godwin, S. Personal Communication.Godwin, S. Personal Communication.
Henderson, J.R. 2001. A pre- and post-MARPOL Annex V summary of Hawaiian monk Henderson, J.R. 2001. A pre- and post-MARPOL Annex V summary of Hawaiian monk seal entanglements and marine debris accumulation in the Northwestern Hawaiian seal entanglements and marine debris accumulation in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 1982-1988. Islands 1982-1988. Marine Pollution BulletinMarine Pollution Bulletin 42(7):584-589. 42(7):584-589.
ReferencesReferences
Ingraham, W.J. Jr. and Ebbesmeyer, C.C. 2001. Surface current concentration of floating Ingraham, W.J. Jr. and Ebbesmeyer, C.C. 2001. Surface current concentration of floating marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean: 12-year OSCURS model experiments. In marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean: 12-year OSCURS model experiments. In Proceedings of the Internationl Conference on Derelict Fishing Gear and the Ocean Proceedings of the Internationl Conference on Derelict Fishing Gear and the Ocean Environment, 2001Environment, 2001. Hawaiian Island Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary . Hawaiian Island Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary Publication.Publication.
Kubota, M. 1994. A mechanism for the accumulation of floating marine debris north of Kubota, M. 1994. A mechanism for the accumulation of floating marine debris north of Hawaii. Hawaii. Journal of Physical OceanographyJournal of Physical Oceanography 24, 1059-1064. 24, 1059-1064.
Laist, D.W. 1997. Impacts of marine debris: entanglement of marine life in marine debris Laist, D.W. 1997. Impacts of marine debris: entanglement of marine life in marine debris including a comprehensive list of species with entanglement and ingestion records. including a comprehensive list of species with entanglement and ingestion records. In In Marine Debris Sources, Impacts, and SolutionsMarine Debris Sources, Impacts, and Solutions, eds. J.M. Coe and D.B. Rogers. , eds. J.M. Coe and D.B. Rogers. Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc. pp.99-139.Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc. pp.99-139.
Matsuoka, Tatsuro. Personal Communication. Matsuoka, Tatsuro. Personal Communication.
Morishige, C. Personal Communication.Morishige, C. Personal Communication.
Timmers, M.A., C.A. Kistner and M.J. Donohue. 2005. Marine debris of the Northwestern Timmers, M.A., C.A. Kistner and M.J. Donohue. 2005. Marine debris of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: ghost net identification. University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Hawaiian Islands: ghost net identification. University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program publication. UNIHI-SEAGRANT-AR-05-01.Program publication. UNIHI-SEAGRANT-AR-05-01.
ReferencesReferences
Timmers, M and M. Donohue, 2003. Identifying putative fisheries from derelict fishing Timmers, M and M. Donohue, 2003. Identifying putative fisheries from derelict fishing gear recovered in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Congress on Marine gear recovered in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Congress on Marine Science and Technology International, Sixth Regional Symposium PACON 2003: Science and Technology International, Sixth Regional Symposium PACON 2003: Ocean Capital Year. Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Jun. 29 – Jul. 2, 2003Ocean Capital Year. Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Jun. 29 – Jul. 2, 2003
Wigg, H. Personal Communication.Wigg, H. Personal Communication.
Zabin, C.J., J.T. Carlton and L.S. Godwin, 2003. First report of the Asian sea anemone Zabin, C.J., J.T. Carlton and L.S. Godwin, 2003. First report of the Asian sea anemone Diadumene lineataDiadumene lineata from the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, from the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2003, Part 2: 54-58.Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2003, Part 2: 54-58.