840 OL R (1983) 30 ( I I) B. MARINE METEOROLOGY B10. Apparatus and methods 83:6175 Baker, W.E., 1983. Objective analysis and assimi- lation of observational data from FGGE. Mon. Weath. Rev., 111(2):328-342. Lab. for Atmos. Sci., NASA, Goddard Space Fit. Center, Green- belt, Md. 20771, USA. B40. Area studies, surveys, weather 83:6176 Chang, C.-P., J.E. Millard and G.T.J. Chen, 1983. Gravitational character of cold surges during winter MONEX. Mon. Weath. Rev., I 11(2):293- 307. For more than half of the surge cases, 2 stages are separated by a time interval of several hours to ~1 day; the first often is characterized by a rise in pressure, the second by a sharp decrease in dew point. Freshening of surface winds may accompany either or both stages. The second stage is associated with a frontal passage; the first is not clearly associated with any significant synoptic events. Dept. of Meteorol., Naval Postgrad. Sch., Monterey, Calif. 93940, USA. B80. Radiation 83:6177 Aranuvachapun, Sasithorn, 1983. Variation of at- mospheric optical depth for remote sensing radiance calculations. Remote Sens. Environ., 13(2):131-147. Dept. of Oceanogr., Naval Post- grad. Sch., Monterey, Calif. 93940, USA. BII0. Climate, climatology 83:6178 Budd, W.F., 1982. The role of Antarctica in Southern Hemisphere weather and climate. A ust. met. Mag., 30(4):265-272. A review of the information available on Antarctic climatology suggests that over Antarctica atmos- pheric processes can be modelled successfully pro- vided adequate vertical and horizontal resolution is used. In the sea ice zone, variability of atmospheric, ice and oceanic characteristics is high. Variations in cyclone generation and movement seem strongly dependent on the variable heat exchange over the Southern Ocean and sea ice zone. It is through these extratropical cyclones that Antarctic influences on lower-latitude weather and climate are felt most clearly. Meteorol. Dept., Univ. of Melbourne, Australia. 83:6179 Golitsyn, G.S., 1983. Almost empirical approaches to the problem of climate, its variations and fluc- tuations. Adv. Geophys., 25:85-115. Some simple energy budget models are used to study the relationship between radiation (incoming and outgoing) and mean surface temperature, humidity and cloud cover. Primarily, the goal is to demon- strate how simple models, combined with observed data, can suggest the ways climate will be altered by varying CO 2 or insolation. Inst. of Atmos. Phys., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR. (jfp) 83:6180 Idso, S.B., 1983. Carbon dioxide and global temper- ature: what the data show. J, environ. Qual., 12(2): 159-163. A brief review of empirical data shows a downward trend of global surface temperature since 1945, coinciding with the period of most rapid rate of increase in atmospheric CO2; this trend has been most pronounced in northern latitudes and in summer. These data are in direct conflict with predictions of CO 2 effects on climate based on theoretical numerical models of the atmosphere. Further, some evidence suggests that increased CO~ may increase crop production and 'may actually be beneficial to our future well-being.' U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoeniz, Ariz. 85040, USA. (mwf) 83:6181 Manabe, Syukuro, 1983. Carbon dioxide and climatic change. Adv. Geophys., 25:39-82. Effect of CO2 concentration on the Earth's climate is reviewed with emphasis on numerical modelling studies conducted during the last 15 years. Likely consequences of a CO 2 increase include: (1) tem- perature increase in the troposphere and decrease in the stratosphere, (2) larger seasonal dependence of CO:-induced warming at high latitudes than at low
Transcript
840 OL R (1983) 30 ( I I)
B. MARINE METEOROLOGY
B10. Apparatus and methods
83:6175 Baker, W.E., 1983. Objective analysis and assimi-
lation of observational data from FGGE. Mon. Weath. Rev., 111(2):328-342. Lab. for Atmos. Sci., NASA, Goddard Space Fit. Center, Green- belt, Md. 20771, USA.
B40. Area studies, surveys, weather
83:6176 Chang, C.-P., J.E. Millard and G.T.J. Chen, 1983.
Gravitational character of cold surges during winter MONEX. Mon. Weath. Rev., I 11(2):293- 307.
For more than half of the surge cases, 2 stages are separated by a time interval of several hours to ~1 day; the first often is characterized by a rise in pressure, the second by a sharp decrease in dew point. Freshening of surface winds may accompany either or both stages. The second stage is associated with a frontal passage; the first is not clearly associated with any significant synoptic events. Dept. of Meteorol., Naval Postgrad. Sch., Monterey, Calif. 93940, USA.
B80. Radiation
83:6177 Aranuvachapun, Sasithorn, 1983. Variation of at-
mospheric optical depth for remote sensing radiance calculations. Remote Sens. Environ., 13(2):131-147. Dept. of Oceanogr., Naval Post- grad. Sch., Monterey, Calif. 93940, USA.
BII0. Climate, climatology
83:6178 Budd, W.F., 1982. The role of Antarctica in Southern
Hemisphere weather and climate. A ust. met. Mag., 30(4):265-272.
A review of the information available on Antarctic climatology suggests that over Antarctica atmos- pheric processes can be modelled successfully pro- vided adequate vertical and horizontal resolution is
used. In the sea ice zone, variability of atmospheric, ice and oceanic characteristics is high. Variations in cyclone generation and movement seem strongly dependent on the variable heat exchange over the Southern Ocean and sea ice zone. It is through these extratropical cyclones that Antarctic influences on lower-latitude weather and climate are felt most clearly. Meteorol. Dept., Univ. of Melbourne, Australia.
83:6179 Golitsyn, G.S., 1983. Almost empirical approaches to
the problem of climate, its variations and fluc- tuations. Adv. Geophys., 25:85-115.
Some simple energy budget models are used to study the relationship between radiation (incoming and outgoing) and mean surface temperature, humidity and cloud cover. Primarily, the goal is to demon- strate how simple models, combined with observed data, can suggest the ways climate will be altered by varying CO 2 or insolation. Inst. of Atmos. Phys., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR. (jfp)
83:6180 Idso, S.B., 1983. Carbon dioxide and global temper-
ature: what the data show. J, environ. Qual., 12(2): 159-163.
A brief review of empirical data shows a downward trend of global surface temperature since 1945, coinciding with the period of most rapid rate of increase in atmospheric CO2; this trend has been most pronounced in northern latitudes and in summer. These data are in direct conflict with predictions of CO 2 effects on climate based on theoretical numerical models of the atmosphere. Further, some evidence suggests that increased CO~ may increase crop production and 'may actually be beneficial to our future well-being.' U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoeniz, Ariz. 85040, USA. (mwf)
83:6181 Manabe, Syukuro, 1983. Carbon dioxide and climatic
change. Adv. Geophys., 25:39-82.
Effect of CO2 concentration on the Earth's climate is reviewed with emphasis on numerical modelling studies conducted during the last 15 years. Likely consequences of a CO 2 increase include: (1) tem- perature increase in the troposphere and decrease in the stratosphere, (2) larger seasonal dependence of CO:-induced warming at high latitudes than at low
OLR (1983) 30 (11) B. Marine Meteorology 841
latitudes, (3) precipitation and evaporation increases, and (4) decrease in the thickness and coverage of the polar ice caps. GFD Lab., NOAA, Princeton, Univ., N.J., USA. (jfp)
83:6182 Ohring, George and Arnold Gruber, 1983. Satellite
radiation observations and climate theory. Adv. Geophys., 25:237-304.
Some uses for satellite observations of the Earth's radiation budget are considered as are applications to studies of climate sensitivity re changes in boundary or external conditions. Satellite obser- vations are used to validate a statistical-dynamical climate model. The annual cycle of radiation budget components for several regions is discussed. Lab. for Atmos. Sci., NASA Goddard Space Flt. Center, Greenbelt, Md. 20771, USA. (msg)
83:6183 Saltzman, Barry, 1983. Climatic systems analysis.
Adv. Geophys., 25:173-233.
The fundamental physical equations required to analyze a climatic system subject to both external forcing variables and free changes due to internal feedbacks and instabilities are discussed. The ulti- mate goal of such analyses is prediction, 'including the consequences of natural, inadvertent, and pur- poseful changes in various parts of the system.' Dept. of Geol. and Geophys., Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn., USA. (mwf)
83:6184 Saltzman, Barry (ed.), 1981/83. Theory of climate.
Proceedings of a symposium, October 12-14, 1981, Lisbon, Portugal. Adv. Geophys., 25:505pp; 8 papers.
The 8 papers constitute an 'excellent mix,' reviewing and synthesizing climate theory. The history of circulation models is considered emphasizing as- ymptotic equilibrium solutions for the fast response parts of the system. The role of CO2 in climatic change is discussed. 'Heavily parameterized' statis- tical-dynamical models, used to examine long term climatic change involving the slow response parts, are described in 3 papers. Another 3 papers cover 'radiative, surficial, and dynamical properties of the earth-atmosphere system...[stressing] observational and diagnostic aspects of global climate.' Includes an index. (msg)
83:6185 Sear, C.B. and P.M. Kelly, 1982. The cl imtic
significance of E! Chich6n. Climate Monit., I 1(5): 134-139.
Surface air temperature data were analyzed from the E1 Chich6n and Mount St. Helens eruptions and from the 5 major Northern Hemisphere eruptions of the period 1881-1980. 'The most striking feature of these results is the speed of the climatic response.' The Northern Hemisphere and El Chich6n data show rapid cooling following the events with max- imum cooling occurring 2 months after the erup- tions. The evidence strongly suggests that strato- spheric loading by components from El Chich6n's eruption plume significantly affected climate in the months following the events. (msg)
83:6186 Shine, K.P. and A. Henderson-Sellers, 1983. Mod-
elling climate and the nature of climate models: a review. J. Climatol., 3(i):81-94. Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
83:6187 Wagner, A.J., 1983. The climate of summer 1982: a
season with increasingly anomalous circulation over the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Mon. Weath. Rev., ll 1(3):590-601.
The anomalous weather of summer 1982 is reviewed using a wide variety of data sources. Among the findings: (l) the Southern Oscillation Index had values comparable to those of 1972; (2) the 200 mb circulation showed an extensive area of easterly flow over the equatorial central and western Pacific, much like that observed during summer 1972; and (3) there was a large area of strongly deficient outgoing longwave radiation near the dateline. Climate Anal. Center, NMC, NWS, NOAA, Wash- ington, D.C. 20233, USA. (jfp)
B140. Air-sea interactions
83:6188 Atlas, David, Shu-Hsien Chou and W.P. Byerly,
1983. The influence of coastal shape on winter mesoscaie air-sea interaction. Mon. Weath. Rev., 111(2):245-252.
In cold air outbreaks, the combination of coastal shape and SST pattern has a profound effect in establishing a low level mesoscale atmospheric circulation as a result of differential heating due to variations both in overwater path length and the SST. A convergence (or divergence) line then forms along a line exactly downwind of the major bend in the coastline--consistent with a high resolution Landsat picture of cloud streets. It is suggested that the induced mesoscale circulation will feed back on
842 B. Mar ine Meteoro logy O I R ( t 983) 30 ( I I )
the ocean by intensifying the wind-generated waves and altering their orientation. Lab. for Atmos. Sci., NASA, Goddard Space Flt. Center, Greenbelt, Md. 20771, USA.
83:6189 Carleton, A.M., 1983. Variations in Antarctic sea ice
conditions and relationships with Southern Hem- isphere cyclonic activity, winters 1973-77. Arch. Met. Geophys. Bioklim., (B)32(1): 1-22.
Interannual variation in the extent of sea ice cover is correlated with the freqtkency of extratropical de- pressions. Regional and sbasonal variations of the correlation suggest different dominant mechanisms. Between-year differences are (1) least in the eastern Antarctic sector where thermodynamic processes are known to be important, and (2) maximum in the Weddell Sea where advection of ice is important. Dept. of Geogr., Arizona State Univ., Tempe, Ariz., USA. (tip)
in the Beanfort/Chukchi Sea and in the European sector of the Arctic. J. geophys. Res., 88(C7): 4505-4523.
Using SMR data the synoptic scale variability in the microwave brightness temperatures and in sea level atmospheric pressure and temperature is examined with principal components analysis. Changes occur- ring in the ice ablation season are responsible for much of the variance. Positive feedbacks are iden- tified between the ice and the atmosphere; direction of the ice-atmosphere forcing varies seasonally, regionally, and also between the zones of permanent and seasonal sea ice. Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Colorado, Boulder. Colo. 80309, USA.
83:6191 Gamo, Minoru, Susumu Yamamoto and Osayuki
Yokoyama, 1982. Airborne measurements of the free convective internal boundary layer IFCIBL] during the sea breeze. J. met. Soc. Japan, (II)60(6): 1284-1298.
Upon passage from the stable marine atmosphere into the FCIBL, vigorous turbulence is detected before the potential temperature increase. The FCIBL determined from the turbulence is ~1.5 times that determined from the temperature. Hu- midity begins to increase when vigorous turbulence ensues, apparently due to the entrainment of thermal plumes in the upper marine stable atmosphere. Natl. Res. Inst. for Pollut. and Res., MITI, Yatabe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
83:6192 Greatbatch, R.J., 1983. On the response of the ocean
to a moving storm: the nonlinear dynamics. J. phys. Oceanogr., 13(3):357-367.
A novel and efficient numerical method is used to investigate the nonlinear equations of motion for the upper layer of a two-layer ocean in which the lower layer is infinitely deep and at rest. Oscillations are found in the wake of the storm. Two features of the response are attributed to nonlinearity: (1) rapid transition from a maximum in the downwelling phase to a maximum in the upwelling phase of each oscillation, followed by gradual relaxation to the next downwelling maximum; and (2) a displacement of the maximum response, usually to the right of the storm track, by ~ 4 0 km. Results are compared with observations of the oceanic response to hurricanes. Dept. of Appl. Math. and Theor. Phys., Univ. of Cambridge, CB3 9EW. UK.
83:6193 Guilcher, Andr6 et al., 1982. lAir-sea interactions.
Colloquium 7 May 1982, Endoume-Marseille.] Norois, 29(116):475-671 : 12 papers. (In French. English abstracts.)
This French collection includes 4 papers on air-sea interactions off West Africa (Gulf of Guinea air temperature increases, Angolan climate, SST's and rain in the tropics and Morocco); 3 on high latitudes (polynyas in Greenland and the Canadian Archi- pelago, Svalbard temperatures, northern European sea ice cover); and 2 on France (summer fogs north of Brittany, Gulf of Biscay solar energy transfers). The remaining contributions cover sea breezes, cloud formation vis-a-vis islands (the Canaries), and South China Sea upwelling. (ihz)
lems in the coastal desert of Angola, at the Baia dos Tigres (16°35"S). Norois, 29(I16):507-517. (In French, English abstract.)
Cold coastal upwelling is concluded (as previously hypothesized) to be the cause of southern Angola's coastal desert. The southward-moving warm Angola Current, whose presence offshore has been dem- onstrated by hydrological surveys, may occasionally meander inshore and temporarily suppress the upwelling; the same phenomenon may cause the heavy coastal rains sometimes occurring in March. Univ. de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France. (sir)
83:6195 Guillerm, J.-M., 1982. An increase in the annual
range of air temperature due to oceanic influence:
OLR (1983) 30 (I I) B. Marine Meteorology 843
Gulf of Guinea at Pointe-Noire. Norois, 29(116): 499-505. (In French, English abstract.) ORSTOM, Noumea, New Caledonia.
83:6196 Handler, Paul and Ellen Handler, 1983. Climatic
anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean and corn yields in the United States. Science, 220(4601): 1155-1156. Coord. Sci. Lab., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IlL 61801, USA.
83:6197 Joffre, S.M., 1983. Determining the form drag
contribution to the total stress of the atmospheric flow over ridged sea ice. J. geophys. Res., 88(C7):4524-4530.
The skin roughness parameter, drag, and large-scale stress were determined. The generally significant form drag contribution appears to depend on thermal stability. Results are compared with the predictions of a model (Arya, 1975) as a function of sea ice surface feature statistics. Inst. of Mar. Res., SF-00141 Helsinki 14, Finland.
83:6198 Kagan, B.A., V.A. Riabchenko and A.S. Safrai,
1983. Thermodynamic model of the seasonal evolution of the ocean-atmosphere system. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 269(5):1198-1202. (In Rus- sian.)
83:6199 McCreary, J.P. Jr., 1983. A model of tropical
The model ocean consists of the single baroclinic mode of a two-layer ocean with highly-parameter- ized thermodynamics in the upper layer. If the interface is sufficiently shallow (deep), SST is cool (warm). The model atmosphere consists of two wind states. For reasonable choices of parameters, the model oscillates at all time scales associated with the Southern Oscillation. The Walker circulation has positive feedback with the ocean which generates persistence and makes it possible for solutions to oscillate at long time scales. Ocean-Hadley circu- lation interaction prevents the model from reaching equilibrium. Oceanogr. Center, Nova Univ., Dania, Fla. 33004, USA.
83:6200 Naito, Gen'ichi, 1982. Three-dimensional space
structure of turbulent eddies in the atmospheric boundary layer above the ocean. J. met. Soc. Japan, (II)60(6):1299-1315. Inst. of Coastal Oceanol., Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254, Japan.
83:6201 Rasmusson, E.M. and T.H. Carpenter, 1983. The
relationship between eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures and rainfall over India and Sri Lanka. Mon. Weath. Rev., 111(3):517- 528. Climate Anal. Center, NMC, NWS, NOAA, Washington, D.C. 20233, USA.
83:6202 Zwally, H.J., C.L. Parkinson and J.C. Comiso, 1983.
Variability of Antarctic sea ice and changes in carbon dioxide. Science, 220(4601): 1005-1012.
Limited prior observations coupled with analysis of satellite data from 1973-81 lead to the conclusion that there is no definite long-term downward trend in Antarctic sea ice extent. A significant mid-70's decrease climaxed in 1977, and ice cover returned to 1973 levels by 1981--perhaps a completely normal variation caused by complex ocean-atmosphere interactions. Interannual variability is considerable and there are large cyclical components; long-term CO2-induced warming trends ultimately should be reflected in decreased sea ice cover, but as yet no such trend can be detected in the small (but growing) data set available. Lab. for Atmos. Sci., NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. 20771, USA. (slr)
B170. Circulation
83:6203 Gryanik, V.M., 1983. Dynamics of singular geo-
strophic vortices in a two-level model of the atmosphere (ocean). Fiz. Atmosf. Okeana, 19(3): 227-240. (In Russian, English abstract.)
Effects of non-adiabatic parameters on vortex evolution are discussed, and the relative motions of double tropical vortices are analyzed. Dynamics are considered for 2 cases: lacking a regular current, and in a current with a zonal constant potential vortex. (sir)
83:6204 Oort, A.H. and J.P. Peix6to, 1983. Global angular
momentum and energy balance requirements from observations. Adv. Geophys., 25:355-490.
A detailed analysis of the global balance of angular momentum and energy is made from a homogeneous 10-year data set. Some of the main conclusions on the angular momentum balance: (1) the subtropical easterlies in the winter hemisphere are the main source of angular momentum, (2) a major sink is the mid-latitude westerlies, and (3) the largest seasonal
844 B. Marine Meteorology OLR (1983) 30 11 l)
variation of transport is in the Northern Hemi- sphere. Conclusions on the energy budget: (1) the maximum poleward fluxes are 5 × 10~sW at 35°N and ~ .1 x 10~sW at 35°S, (2) the balances show that oceanic heat transport must be very important, and (3) there is a strong direct energy flow from the winter to the summer hemisphere. G F D Lab., NOAA, Princeton Univ., N.J., USA. (jfp)
BI80. Winds
83:6205 Abe, Shigeo and Tadahiko Yoshida, 1982. Effect of
the width of a peninsula on the sea breeze. J. met. Soc. Japan, (II)60(5): 1074-1084.
A 2-D model showed: (1) strong ascending flow over central peninsular regions in evening, (2) highest vertical velocities [3 times greater than those in sea breezes] over peninsulas 30-50 km wide, and (3) no strong vertical motion over peninsulas ~150 km wide except for the daytime sea breeze. Inst. of Meteorol., Defense Acad., Yokosuka 239, Japan. (ihz)
83:6206 Chang, Tan and Tetsuzo Yasunari, 1982. Fluctua-
tions of global surface pressure patterns during the past 100 years and their relation to the Asian monsoon. 1. Northern summer (July). J. met. Soc. Japan, (II)60(5):1132-1142. Dept. of Geophys., Beijing Univ., People's Republic of China.
83:6207 Davidson, N.E., J.L. McBride and B.J. McAvaney,
1983. The onset of the Australian monsoon during winter MONEX: synoptic aspects. Mort. Weath. Rev., 111(3):496-516.
The Southern Hemisphere summer monsoon is examined using numerical analyses and station data to determine the onset and general circulation structure of the monsoon. It is hypothesized that the trigger mechanism lies in the Southern Hemisphere subtropics, being activated when the seasonal buildup of planetary-scale land-sea temperature differences reaches a critical stage. Before onset can occur, synoptic weather systems must produce low-level easterly trade winds across Australia. Australian Num. Meteorol. Res. Centre, Melbourne, Australia. (jfp)
83:6208 McBride, J.L., 1983. Satellite observations of the
Southern Hemisphere monsoon during winter MONEX. Tellus, (A)35(3):189-197.
Sudden monsoon onset in late December is char- acterized by a transition to spatially organized convection. Active and break regions show a strong time coherence but are very longitudinally de- pendent; latitudinal dependence is quite weak. Tropical cyclones in the region are embedded in the large-scale monsoon circulation. Australian Num. Meteorol. Res. Centre, P.O. Box 5089AA, Mel- bourne, Vic. 3001, Australia.
83:6209 Mishra, S.K., D.R. Chakraborty and S.S. Desai,
1983. An analytic study on the horizontal motion of monsoon depressions. Arch. Met. Geophys. Bioklim., (A)32(1/2):35-53.
A linear, quasi-geostrophic model with orography, diabatic processes and friction is used to model westward progression of the monsoon depression. Orography and differential advection of vorticity are important in the boundary layer. It is inferred that there must be a vertical transport of cyclonic vorticity in the region ahead of the depression. Indian Inst. of Tropical Meteorol., Pune, India. (jfp)
83:6210 Mizuma, M. and S. lwamoto, 1982. Wind structure
of the boundary layer over the tropical ocean [during MONEXI. J. met. Soc. Japan, (II)60(6): 1273-1283. Res. Reactor Inst., Kyoto Univ., Kumatori, Osaka 590-04. Japan.
83:6211 Richiardone, R. and R.A. Pearson, 1983. Inland
convection and energy transfers in a sea breeze model. Q. Jl R. met. Soc., 109(460):325-338.
Entrainment processes during mixed layer growth appear to affect both the convective scale and the mesoscale, decreasing the amount of potential energy available at the convective scale yet increas- ing the amount available at the mesoscale. The kinetic energy content of the sea breeze cell is explained in terms of a constant efficiency for the conversion of available potential energy inside a cell whose horizontal dimension increases in time. Numerical results indicate that the current value of the temporally integrated buoyancy flux at the ground is the most important parameter for sea breeze flow, determining both the strength of the flow and the inland movement of the sea breeze front. 1st. di Fisica Generale, Univ. di Torino, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 46, 10125, Torino, Italy.
83:6212 Weisberg, R.H. and L.J. Pietrafesa, 1983. Kinematics
and correlation of the surface wind field in the
OLR (1983) 30 (11) B. Marine Meteorology 845
South Atlantic Bight. J. geophys. Res., 88(C8): 4593-4610.
Surface winds at Charleston, South Carolina, and at a 300-km-offshore buoy are analyzed to determine operational transformations for estimating offshore winds from coastal winds. Ensemble averaged (by season) transfer functions computed by using the first 3 years of data are assessed for predictive utility; the transfer functions and predictability are both seasonally modulated and the transformation matrix is nondiagonal (each offshore wind velocity component depends upon both coastal components). Dept. of Mar., Earth and Atmos. Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, N.C. 27650, USA.
B190. Pressure gradients, air masses
83:6213 Estoque, M.A., 1982. Large scale pressure distur-
bances over the Indonesian maritime continent [during the winter MONEX]. J. met. Soc. Japan, (II)60(5):1143-1152. RSMAS, Univ. of Miami, Fla. 33149, USA.
83:6214 Salvekar, P.S., L. George and S.K. Mishra, 1983.
Contribution of a baroclinic mechanism to the formation of a depression during MONEX-79. Arch. Met. Geophys. Bioklim., (A)32(1/2):55-69.
A linear baroclinic stability analysis is performed for the basic zonal wind profile prior to depression formation. The preferred wavelength is 1400 km and has an e-folding time of 5.2 days. Decreased static stability at low levels results in an increased growth rate and a decrease in the preferred wavelength. Indian Inst. of Tropical Meteorol., Pune, India. (jfp)
B250. Clouds
83:6215 Tabeaud, Martine, 1982. [Meteosat imagery and the
influence of islands on cloud formationmthe Canary Islands as an example.] Norois, 29(116): 527-533. (In French, English abstract.)
B260. Fog
83:6216 Mounier, Jean, 1982. Fogs in summer north of
Brittany. Norois, 29(116):547-559. (In French, English abstract.) Univ. de Haute-Bretagne, Rennes, France.
B270. Precipitation
83:6217 Delannoy, H., 1982. Introduction to the study of the
relationship between ocean temperature and Moroccan coastal rains. Norois, 29(116):535-545. (In French, English abstract.) Univ. d'Aix- Marseille 11, France.
B280. Storms, disturbances, cyclones, etc.
83:6218 Johnson, R.H. and M.E. Nicholls, 1983. A composite
analysis of the boundary layer accompanying a tropical squall line. Mon. Weath. Rev., 111(2): 308-319.
GATE rawinsonde data show a very cool stable layer near the ocean surface immediately behind the 200 km wide squall line. The mixed-layer thickness is greatly reduced in this region, gradually recovering to its undisturbed value (~500 m) some 400 km behind the squall line. Dept. of Atmos. Sci., Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, Colo. 80523, USA. (jfP)
83:6219 Keenan, T.D. and J.I. Templeton, 1983. A compar-
ison of tropical cyclone, hurricane and typhoon mass and moisture structure. Mon. Weath. Rev., 111(2):320-327.
Based on radiosonde soundings, the mean storm profiles in each region reflect the background structure of each storm basin; comparison of the storm groups as deviations from the background profiles reveals a very similar structure, although some unresolved differences are found inthe upper troposphere. Bureau of Meteor., Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia.
B350. Pollution (see also C210-Chemical pollution, E300-Effects of pollution, F250- Waste disposal)
83:6220 Brunke, E.G. and E.C. Halliday, 1983. Halocarbon
measurements in the Southern Hemisphere since 1977. Atmos. Environ., 17(4):823-826. Natl. Phys. Res. Lab., CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa.
