OLR (1989) 36 (4) 291

Western Atlantic Ocean Experiment flights. The soil and smoke tracers, Si and K, averaged ~15% of remote continental sites, while S and H averaged 30% of the continental sites, reflecting either trans- port from urban seaboard sources or gas to particle transformations during transport. Zn averaged 35% of continental values, with a high degree of inter- flight variability, a possible consequence of seaboard industrial activity. Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Calif., USA.

89:1930 Hansen, A.D.A. and T. Novakov, 1988. Aerosol

black carbon measurements over the western Atlantic Ocean. Global biogeochem. Cycles, 2(1): 41-45.

Measurements of the optically absorbing carbona- ceous component of the ambient aerosol were made during the Western Atlantic Ocean Experiment conducted in January 1986 off the U.S. eastern seaboard. The aerosol was collected on filters that were exposed for several hours; the aethalometer was used to measure the concentration of aerosol black carbon in real time. The filter analyses represent averages over the altitude range and time span of collection. Real-time results were sorted by altitude to calculate vertical profiles of black carbon concentration. Values ranged from 200-500 ng/m 3 in the boundary layer, decreasing to 50-100 ng/m 3 at higher altitudes. The export of aerosol black carbon from the coast is estimated to be of the order of 5 × 10 ~° g/yr. Appl. Sci. Div., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, CA, USA.

89:1931 van der Hage, J.C.H. and T.F. de Bruin, 1988.

Charge distribution on the atmospheric aerosol over the North Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. Pure appl. Geophys., 127(4):659-667. Inst. voor

Meteorol. en Fysische Oceanogr., Rijksuniv. Utrecht, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands.

B350. Pollution (see also C210-Chemica l pol lu t ion, E300-Effec ts of pol lu t ion, F 2 5 0 - Was te disposal)

89:1932 Luria, Menachem et al., 1988. Eastward sulfur flux

from the northeastern United States. A tmos. Environ., 22(9):1847-1854. NOAA, Air Resour. Lab., 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.

B380. Forecasting

89:1933 Goldberg, E., R. Kittredge and A. Polgurre, 1988.

Computer generation of marine weather forecast text. J. atmos, ocean. Technol., 5(4):473-483.

MARWORDS is a natural language text generation system developed to synthesize marine forecasts for the Davis Strait area in northern Canada. It uses standard manually produced predictions of wind speed, air temperature, and other weather conditions to generate English language text forecasts. The resulting text compares favorably with those written by marine weather specialists. A detailed grammar was developed to capture the constraints on words, sentences, and texts that are natural to the domain. Among the problems were the linguistic treatment of data-salience relations and modulation of temporal adverbs to reflect increasing levels of uncertainty for more remote events. The system was designed to be extended to synthesize bilingual (French and Eng- lish) or multilingual forecasts. Environ. Canada, Forecast Res. Div., 4905 Dufferin St., Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.

C. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

CI0. Apparatus and methods

89:1934 Ezat, U., 1988. Determination of particulate calcium

in seawater by electrothermal atomic absorption. Analusis, 16(3):168-172. (In French, English abstract.) Centre des Faibles Radioactivites, Lab. mLxte CNRS-CEA, aven. de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

89:1935 Farrington, J.W. et al., 1988. ICES/IOC intercom-

parison exercise on the determination of petro- leum hydrocarbons in biological tissues (mussel homogenate). Mar. Pollut. Bull., 19(8):372-380.

A homogenate was prepared from ~4000 Mytilus edulis sampled near the municipal sewer outfall of Boston, Massachusetts. Both wet and freeze-dried

292 c. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1989) 36 (4)

homogenate samples were checked for non-homo- geneity by analyses of randomly selected subsam- pies. Three randomly selected freeze-dried subsam- pies were distributed to each of 50 participating laboratories from 24 countries. The results indicate a need for much improvement in precision and accuracy both within and among laboratories. Environ. Sci. Prog., Univ. of Mass., Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA.

89:1936 Huang, Huiliang, Daniel Jagner and Lars Renman,

1988. Flow potentiometric and constant-current stripping analysis for arsenic(V) without prior chemical reduction to arsenic(III). Application to the determination of total arsenic in seawater and urine. Analytica chim. Acta, 207(1-2):37-46. Sci. Instrumentation Dept., Xiamen (Amoy) Univ., Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.

89:1937 Mackey, D.J. and H.W. Higgins, 1988. Reversed-

phase chromatographic separation and analysis of marine metal-organic complexes. J. Chromatog., 436(2):243-257.

At present, the analysis of metal-organic complexes by HPLC-AF cannot be performed at sea. To analyze preserved samples containing such small amounts of metals, (1) the metal detector must have high sensitivity, (2) the chromatographic stationary phase must be sufficiently inert that it doesn't affect speciation, and (3) suitable methods must be found to preserve the samples. These factors are addressed in this paper. CSIRO Mar. Lab., GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.

89:1938 Maruyama, Toshiro et al., 1988. Removal of ortho-

phosphate in seawater with the acid treated clay. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Bull.japan. Soc. scient. Fish.), 54(5):801-809. (In Japanese, English abstract.) Tokyo Univ. of Fish., Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108, Japan.

89:1939 McLaren, J.W., D. Beauchemin and S.S. Berman,

1988. Analysis of the marine sediment reference material PACS-I by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta, 43B(4- 5):413-420. Analyt. Chem. Sect., Chem. Div., Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Ottawa KIA 0R9, Canada.

89:1940 Nakashima, S. et al., 1988. Determination of trace

elements in seawater by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration by tetrahydroborate reductive precipitation. dnalytica chim. Acta, 207(1-2):291-299.

A method is described for the preconcentration of 16 elements from coastal and deep ocean seawater based on their reductive precipitation by sodium tetrahydroborate. Enrichment factors obtained were sufficient to permit the analysis of a near-shore seawater reference material and an open ocean seawater reference material. Recoveries from 900 mL of seawater ranged from 80 to 107% with absolute blanks between < 1.0 ng (Se) and 20 ng (Cu). Estimated detection limits varied from 0.3 ngL j (Pb) to 19 ngL ~ (As) based on a 36-fold concentration of a 900 mL sample. Div. of Chem., Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON KIA 0R9, Canada.

89:1941 Nakashima, S. and R.E. Sturgeon et al., 1988.

Determination of trace metals in seawater by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with preconcentration on silica-immobilized 8- hydroxyquinoline in a flow-system. Z. analyto Chem., 330(7):592-595. Sturgeon: Div. of Chem., Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON KIA 0R9, Canada.

89:1942 Peerzada, Naseem, 1988. Determination of copper(ll)

in biological samples by anodic-stripping volt- ammetry. Microchem. J., 37(1):65-69. Faculty of Appl. Sci., Darwin Inst. of Tech., Casuarina Darwin NT 5792, Australia.

89:1943 Percelay, Luc et al., 1988. Determination of trace

amounts of copper and zinc in seawater with polymer-supported 1,4,8,11 -tetraazacyclotetrade- cane. Analytica chim. Acta, 209(1-2):249-258.

89:1944 Staff, 1988. 1988-1989 Labguide. Analyt. Chem.,

60(16):250pp.

This year's labguide is greatly expanded (14,000 new listings), due in part to the increased importance of computers and lasers in the analytical laboratory. Alphabetic listings provide detailed supplier infor- mation and are grouped under the general headings of instruments, equipment, and supplies; laboratory chemicals and standards; research and analytical services (including consulting services and methods

O LR (1989) 36 (4) C. Chemical Oceanography 293

development); and trade names. A company direc- tory and an advertiser index are also included. (gsb)

89:1945 Yamane, Takeshi and Keiko Watanabe, 1988.

Continuous-flow system for the determination of cobalt in sea and fiver water. In-line precon- centration/separation coupled with catalytic determination. Analytica chim. Acta, 207(1- 2):331-336. Dept. of Chem., Yamanashi Univ., Takeda-4, Kofu-shi, 400 Japan.

C40. Area studies, surveys

89:1946 Harvey, M.A. and M.N. Gil, 1988. Baseline. Con-

centrations of some trace elements in recent sediments from the San Jos~ and Nuevo gulfs, Patagonia, Argentina. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 19(8): 394-396. Centro Nac. Patagonico, CONICET, 28 de Julio 28, 9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.

C80. Physical chemistry in seawater 89:1947

Halmann, M. and Z. Porat, 1988. Photooxidation of bromide to bromine in Dead Sea water. Solar Energy, 41(5):417-421. Isotope Dept., Weizmann Inst. of Sci., Rehovot 76100, Israel.

89:1948 Hirose, Katsumi, 1988. Metal-organic ligand inter-

action in seawater: multimetal complexation model for metal titration. Mar. Chem., 25(1):39- 48.

This model gives a similar relationship between total and free ion concentrations of an added metal to that derived from the discrete-ligand model in which the coexistence of strong and weak ligands is assumed. The conditional stability constant for organic complexes derived from the new model is in agreement with the strong-ligand conditional sta- bility constant according to the discrete-ligand model, and coincides with that obtained using the ligand-titration method. Geochem. Lab., Meteorol. Res. Inst., Nagamine 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

89:1949 Li, Xulu, Guofeng Zhu and Jinyuan Zhan, 1988. The

carbonate system in the central South China Sea. Acta oceanol, sin. (English version), 7(2):237-246.

HCO 3 , CO32 , CO 2, oCO 2 and p C O 2 w e r e calculated

by determining the pH and total alkalinity of seawater samples from 42 stations, combined with temperature, salinity, and depth data. The distri- butions are briefly described, and saturation degrees of calcite (~5.8) and aragonite (~3.9) in surface waters are evaluated. Saturation depth is ~2200 m for calcite and 1200 m for aragonite. The lysocline probably lies between 3000~000 m. South China Sea Sub-admin., State Oceanic Admin., Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

89:1950 Mackey, D.J. and H.W. Higgins, 1988. The copper.

complexing capacity of seawater. Sci. total En- vironment, 75(2-3): 151-167.

The copper-complexing capacity of seawater varies over three orders of magnitude. High values are associated with high phytoplankton biomass. When biomass is low, copper-complexing capacity is low provided that a moderate productivity is sustained by a reliable source of nutrients. In such cases, low biomass results from physical or biological proc- esses. In nutrient-limited, oligotrophic waters of low average productivity, the copper-complexing capac- ity is variable with occasional high values. These results also suggest that active grazing by herbivores does not release organic compounds into the water column. CSIRO Mar. Lab., P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.

89:1951 Meng, Xiaoguang, Zhengbin Zhang and Liansheng

Liu, 1988. A study on the exchange additivity of zinc in solid mixtures in seawater. I. Exchange additivity of mixtures. Acta oceanol, sin. (English version), 7(2):253-260. Shandong Coll. of Oceanogr., Qingdao, People's Republic of China.

89:1952 Meng, Xiaoguang, Zhengbin Zhang and Liansheng

Liu, 1988. A study on the exchange additivity of zinc in solid mixtures in seawater, lI. Stepwise exchange in 6-MnO2/montmorrillonite mixture. Acta oceanol, sin. (English version), 7(2):261-265. Shandong Coll. of Oceanogr., Qingdao, People's Republic of China.

89:1953 Oomori, Tamotsu, Kiyoshi Kaneshima and Yasushi

Kitano, 1988. Solubilities of calcite, aragonite and protodolomite in supratidal brines of Minami- daito-jima Island, Okinawa, Japan. Mar. Chem., 25(1):57-74.

Protodolomite is unstable in seawater and brines with chlorinity up to 30 g kg ~. Above 30 g kg 1,

294 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (I 989) 36 (4)

protodolomite becomes more stable with increasing chlorinity, though it is still less stable than aragonite and calcite under these conditions. Dept. of Chem., Univ. of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-01, Japan.

89:1954 Sim6es Gonqalves, M.L. and M.M. Correia dos

Santos, 1988. Adsorption of amino acids on the mercury electrode and kinetics of dissociation of their Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) complexes at the ionic strength of seawater (0.70 M NaCIO4) and synthetic seawater. Sci. total Environment, 76(1):1-18. Centro de Quimica Estrutural, Complexo Interdisciplinar, Inst. Superior Tecnico, Lisboa, Portugal.

89:1955 Smart, P.L., J.M. Dawans and F. Whitaker, 1988.

Carbonate dissolution in a modern mixing zone. Nature, Lond., 335(6193):811-813.

Here we report the results of chemical and rock profiling through a modern mixing zone on Andros Island in the Bahamas. Our results demonstrate undersaturation of the waters in the mixing zone with respect to aragonite and calcite, and corre- sponding pervasive dissolution of the carbonate rocks at this level. Undersaturation is significantly enhanced by bacterial processes, which are also responsible for precipitation of an iron-rich crust. Despite chemical supersaturation, precipitation of dolomite was not observed, thereby casting some doubt on the mixing-zone model of dolomitization. Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK.

89:1956 yon Breymann, M.T. and Erwin Suess, 1988. Mag-

nesium in the marine sedimentary environment: Mg-NH 4 exchange. Chem. Geol., 70(4):359-371. Coll. of Oceanogr., Oregon State Univ., Corval- lis, OR 97331, USA.

89:1957 von Breymann, M.T., C.A. Ungerer and Erwin

Suess, 1988. M g - N H 4 exchange on humic acid: a radiotracer technique for conditional exchange constants in a seawater medium. Chem. Geol., 70(4):349-357. Coll. of Oceanogr., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

89:1958 Yuan, Wenxia and Sunkai Yang, 1988. Study on the

adsorptive complex wave of tin in seawater. Acta oceanol, sin. (English version), 7(2):p.322. Dept. of Chem., Xiamen Univ., Xiamen, People's Republic of China.

CI00. Alkalinity, acidity, pH 89:1959

Burke, C.M. and M.J. Atkinson, 1988. Measurement of total alkalinity in hypersaline waters: values of fH, Mar. Chem., 25(1):49-55.

Total alkalinity of a water sample can be determined simply and rapidly by measuring the pH change induced by a single addition of acid to that sample. The technique requires a value for an empirical factor, fa, related to the total activity coefficient of H + for the particular water sample, f , varies with ionic strength and ionic composition of the water sample, and follows the trend of the total activity coefficient of H + predicted for seawater by the specific ion interaction model. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009 Australia.

89:1960 Zirino, Alberto, P.C. Fiedler and R.S. Keir, 1988.

Surface pH, satellite imagery and vertical models in the tropical ocean. Sci. total Environment, 75(2-3):285-300.

Log pigment and SST obtained from color and 1R satellite imagery (Gulf of California, Mexico, No- vember 1981) are compared with in-situ pH and temperature measurements made 3 weeks later. Plots of log pigment vs. SST and pH vs. in-situ temper- ature show a characteristic break in slope, suggesting that the area may be divided into a high productivity northern section and a lower productivity southern section. A multidisciplinary 1-D (vertical) model is used to produce characteristic shapes of log pigment vs. SST and pH vs. in-situ temperature plots. Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA 92152, USA.

CI10. Radioactivity, radioisotopes 89:1961

Aarkrog, A. et al., 1988. Origin of technetium-99 and its use as a marine tracer. Nature, Lond., 335(6188): 338-340.

The radiocaesium released from Chernobyl was deposited very inhomogeneously, thus seriously perturbing its use as a tracer. In a recent study we found the same dilution factor for technetium as for radiocaesium when comparing concentrations in the North Sea with those in coastal waters around Greenland, supporting the idea of technetium as a substitute tracer for radiocaesium. Here we report a study of the possible contributions to 99Tc in order to determine the Chernobyl input. We chose the Baltic Sea for our study because it probably shows higher concentrations of Chernobyl debris than any other

OLR (1989) 36 (4) C. Chemical Oceanography 295

sea. The Chernobyl contribution is such that 99Tc can be used as a tracer. Riso Natl. Lab., DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.

89:1962 Chen, Jinxing, Shiyan Wu and Pingqing Zhang,

1988. A study on the distribution of ~l°Pb, ~26Ra and total /3 radioactivity in estuary sediments [from the Jinlongjiang River and Changjiang River estuaries[. Acta oceanol, sin. (English version), 7(2):247-252. Third Inst. of Oceanogr., SOA, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.

89:1963 Harvey, B.R., M.B. Lobett and S.J. Boggis, 1987.

Some experiences in controlling contamination of environmental materials during sampling and processing for low-level actinide analysis. J. radioanalyt, nucl. Chem., (Articles)l15(2):357- 368. MAFF, Directorate of Fish. Res., Fish. Lab., Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.

89:1964 Hayashi, N. et al., 1987. Determination of 239'24°pn

and Z41Am in environmental samples. J. radio- analyt, nucL Chem., (Articles)llS(2);369-376. Environ. Protection Sect., Tokai-works, Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Develop. Corp., Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken, 319-1 i, Japan.

89:1965 Hirose, K., 1988. Determination of thorium isotopes

in seawater by using preconcentration of tho- rium-XO complexes on XAD-2 resin. J. radio- analyt, nuel. Chem., (Letts)127(3):199-207. Geo- chem. Lab., Meteorol. Res. Inst., Nagamine 1-1, Yatabe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

89:1966 Joshi, S.R., 1987. Nondestructive determination of

lead-210 and radium-226 in sediments by direct photon analysis. J. radioanalyt, nucl. Chem., (Articles)116(1):169-182. Natl. Water Res. Inst., Environ. Canada, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.

I¢): 1967 Kaji, T., N. Momoshima and Y. Takashima, 1988.

Tritium concentrations of the deep sea-water in the Japan Sea and the Pacific Ocean. J. radio- analyt, nucl. Chem., (Letts)127(6):447-456.

Seawater samples from the Japan Sea showed that tritium was distributed around 2000 m in depth, indicating vertical mixing of the water mass. Sea- water samples from the Pacific Ocean showed the tritium concentration appeared to reach zero at

~1000 m, although more than 1 TU concentration was detected in samples of deeper water. Hypo- thetical origins of tritium in the Pacific Ocean deep water are discussed. Radioisotope Center, Kyushu Univ., Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812, Japan.

89:1968 Karyakin, A.V. et al., 1987. Concentration of uranium

in the ecosystem of Peter the Great Bay [Sea of Japani. Oceanology (a translation of Okeano- logiia), 27(5):569-572. Vernadskiy Inst. of Geo- chem. and Analyt. Chem., Acad. of Sci., Mos- cow, USSR.

89:1969 Leskinen, S., J.K. Miettinen and T. Jaakkola, 1987.

Behaviour of 239.24°pu and 241Am in the Baltic Sea; measurements and interpretation in 1980-1984. J. radioanalyt, nucl. Chem., (Articles)l15(2):289- 298.

Concentrations of 239.24°pu and 24tAm in filtered seawater, particulates, and sediment were measured, and a new rapid method for sediment 2a~Am was developed. A significant decrease in Pu and Am in surface water takes place in summer. Am is more efficiently associated with particulate matter than Pu. From May 1980-September 1984 soluble Pu was reduced by about half. The residence half-time of 239.24°pu in Baltic seawater is of the order of 5 yr. Similar concentrations of 239.24°pu and 24~Am were found in particulates in the water and in the surface layer of the sediment. The average K d values for Pu and Am were 105 and 105-106 mL/g, respectively. Dept. of Radiochem., Univ. of Helsinki, Unionin- katu 35, SF-00170 Helsinki, Finland.

89:1970 Livingston, H.D. and J.K. Cochran, 1987. Deter-

mination of transuranic and thorium isotopes in ocean water: in solution and in filterable particles. J. radioanalyt, nucl. Chem., (Articles)115(2):299- 308. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

89:1971 Murray, A.S. et al., 1987. Analysis for naturally

occurring radionuclides at environmental concen- trations by gamma spectrometry. J. radioanalyt. nucl. Chem., (Articles)115(2):263-288. Alligator Rivers Reg. Res. Inst., C/-Post Office, Jabiru, N.T. 5796, Australia.

89:1972 Rose, K.A. et al., 1988. Radiosiiver (Ag-l |0m)

concentrations in Chesapeake Bay oysters main- tained near a nuclear power plant: a statistical

296 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1989) 36 (4)

analysis. Environ. Monit. Assessment, 10(3):205- 218. Environ. Sci. Div., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.

89:1973 SchOnhofer, F. and E. Henrich, 1987. Recent

progress and application of low level liquid scintillation counting. J. radioanalyt, nucL Chem., (Articles)115(2):317-333. Austrian Environ. Pro- tection Agency, Dept. of Radiation Protection, Berggasse 11, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.

89:1974 Whitehead, N.E. et al., 1988. Preliminary study of

uranium and thorium redistribution in CMllchirus laurae burrows, Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Ocean- ologica Acta, 11(3):259-266. Internatl. Atomic Energy Agency, Musee Oceanogr., ave St. Martin, Monaco Ville, 98000 Monaco.

C120. Dissolved gases

89:1975 Bol'shakov, A.M. and A.G. Yegorov, 1987. Use of

phase-equilibrium degassing in gas investigations. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 27(5):652-653. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

89:1976 Copin-Montegut, Claire, 1988. A new formula for the

effect of temperature on the partial pressure of CO 2 in seawater. Mar. Chem., 25(1):29-37.

For the ranges of values of total alkalinity and total CO 2 encountered in natural seawater, it is possible, using an empirical equation, to determine a precise estimate of pCO 2 at temperature t (between 0 ° and 30°C) when only pCO 2 at a different temperature and salinity are known. Lab. de Phys. et Chim. Mar., Univ. P. et M. Curie, Quai de la Darse, BP 8, FO6230-Villefranche sur Mer, France.

89:1977 Michener, R.H., M.I. Scranton and Paul Novelli,

1988. Hydrogen (H2) distributions in the Carmans River Estuary. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 27(2): 223-235.

We have examined the distribution of H 2 in sedi- ments of the Carmans River Estuary on Long Island. In this estuary, H 2 concentrations range from several hundred nanomoles per L i t e r pore water in the freshwater sediments at the head of the estuary to lower values in sediments from the estuary mouth. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that

sulfate reducers are more efficient at consuming H 2 than are methanogens. Methanogens may also require higher threshold H 2 concentrations before uptake can begin than do sulfate reducers. Scranton: Mar, Sci. Res. Center, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA.

89:1978 Volk, Tyler and Zhongze Liu, 1988. Controls of CO2

sources and sinks in the Earth scale surface ocean: temperature and nutrients. Global bio- geochem. Cycles, 2(2):73-89.

This paper examines models in which CO 2 cycles in a steady state, where sources (ocean outgassing) and sinks (ingassing) are in balance. The relative strengths of surface temperatures and surface nutri- ents, the two main contributors to the source/sink properties, are quantified. Models with two ocean surfaces indicate that the sink in the North Atlantic and the sources in the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific are all dominated by global temperature patterns. Data show that a model to explain the control factors upon the equatorial Pacific source must extend to over 30% of the global ocean to reach the nearest counterbalancing sink between 40 and 50°S. The conclusion is that temperature control is responsible for certainly more than 50%, and probably closer to 70%, of the CO 2 outgassing, with the balance coming from the Earth scale surface nutrient structure. Dept. of Appl. Sci., New York Univ., 26 Stuyvesant St., New York, NY 10003, USA.

C130. Organic compounds

89:1979 Burrell, D.C., 1988. Carbon flow in fjords. Oceanogr.

mar. Biol. a. Rev., 26:143-226.

This review is concerned primarily with carbon flow to and within deep, silled, ice-impacted estuaries located in mountainous boreal-polar terrain. These deep basins receive particulate material from above- sill estuarine and intermediate zones, but are generally poorly coupled hydrodynamically. Under ideal circumstances the basin soft-bottom is phys- ically (and in well-ventilated fjords, chemically) stable, but in practice is commonly subject to episodic bedload transports. Direct sedimentation of phytodetritus is an important seasonal energy source in shallow fjords. Deep fjords appear to be primarily pelagic systems. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.

OLR (1989) 36 (4) C. Chemical Oceanography 297

89:1980 Cauwet, G., 1988. Distribution and accumulation of

organic matter in a tropical coastal lagoon, the Tacarigua Lagoon, Venezuela. Sci. total Envi- ronment, 75(2-3):261-270.

Dissolved and particulate organic carbon are de- termined and their distribution discussed in relation to hydrological parameters (salinity, pH, redox potential, dissolved oxygen) and the equilibrium of different water supplies. Comparison of results with the organic carbon content of sediments demon- strates the accumulation of organic matter. Lab. de Sedimentol. et Geochim. Mar., Univ. de Perpignan, Av. de Villeneuve, 66025 Perpignan, France.

89:1981 Evens, Roger, James Braven and E.I. Butler, 1988. A

seasonal comparison of the dissolved free amino acid levels in estuarine and English Channel waters. Sci. total Environment, 76(1):69-78. Dept. of Environ. Sci., Plymouth Polytech., Drakes Circus, Plymouth, Devon, UK.

89:1982 Geodekyan, A.A. and T.G. Chernova, 1987. Geo-

chemistry of organic matter in sediments of the Bering Sea. Oceanology (a translation of Okeano- logiia), 27(5):603-607.

An investigation of bituminoid material and its component fractions (paraffins, high-molecular- weight polar components), provides the basis for a discussion of the entry of organic matter into the bottom sediments of the Bering Sea shelf and especially of its diagenetic alteration there. The organic matter has high oil-generating potential. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

89:1983 Jardim, W.F. and M.L.A.M. Campos, 1988. Pho-

todegradation of some naturally occurring organic compounds and their metal complexes. Sci. total Environment, 75(2-3):243-248.

Photodegradation of naturally occurring organic compounds in Atibaia River water, sewage, and Aldrich humic acid was investigated under both solar and artificial near-UV irradiation. The influ- ence of Cd, Cu and Fe on the degradation rates of the Atibaia River water samples was also investi- gated. At a concentration of 1 × IO 6 M, Cu strongly inhibited photodegradation, whereas Cd and Fe did not affect this process. Ecological implications are discussed. Inst. de Quimica, Univ. Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13081, Campinas Sao Paulo, Brazil.

89:1984 Jeng, W.-L. and K.-Y. Tsai, 1987. Fatty acids in

marine sediments off southwestern Talwan. Acta oceanogr, taiwan., 18:124-134.

Capillary GC and GC-MS analysis of 25 surface sediments yielded a fatty acid distribution pattern which suggests a significant contribution from bacteria. It also indicates decreasing bacterial contribution with distance from shore. Distant stations showed relatively small phytoplankton, bacteria, and anthropogenic source inputs. Terres- trial inputs had only a minor influence on the sediment fatty acid profile. Inst. of Oceanogr., Natl. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan.

89:1985 Sicre, M.-A. et al., 1988. Characterization of seawater

samples using chemometric methods applied to biomarker fatty acids. Org. Geochem., 12(3):281- 288.

Dissolved and particulate fatty acids were analyzed by GC and GC/MS in microlayer and subsurface water samples from the open Mediterranean Sea. Correspondence factorial analysis and hierarchical clustering classification were used to investigate the planktonic and microbiological sources and to distinguish different inputs in the dissolved and particulate material. Lab. de Phys. et Chim. Mar., Univ. P. et M. Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France.

89:1986 Talbot, M.M.B. and G.C. Bate, 1988. The relative

quantities of live and detrital organic matter in a beach-surf ecosystem. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 121(3):255-264. Dept. of Botany, Inst. for Coast- al Res., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa.

C140. Nutrients

89:1987 Camacho-Ibar, V.F. and Saul Alvarez-Borrego,

1988. Nutrient concentrations in pore waters of intertidal sediments in a coastal lagoon: patch- iness and temporal variations. Sci. total Envi- ronment, 75(2-3):325-339.

We generated ~ 6 h time series data in-situ to study variations in the properties of pore waters in a low marsh with tall Spartina foliosa (Baja California, Mexico). Salinity reactive phosphate and ammonia displayed great spatial and temporal variation and irregular variations with depth. Patchiness, mostly created by biota, and percolation with tides, en- hanced by movement through roots and burrows,

298 c. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1989) 36 (4)

are mainly responsible for the changes in pore water properties. Div. de Oceanol., CICESE, B.C. Espinoza 843, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.

89:1988 K0rner, Dieter, 1987. Increased concentrations of the

inorganic nitrogen compounds in the German Bight during the rainy summer 1987 (summary). Dt. hydrogr. Z., 40(5):225-231. (In German, English abstract.)

89:1989 Schlitzer, Reiner, 1988. Modeling the nutrient and

carbon cycles of the North Atlantic. 1. Circu- lation, mixing coefficients, and heat fluxes. J. geophys. Res., 93(C9):10,699-10,723.

A model of the nutrient and carbon cycles in the North Atlantic is formulated, and water flow rates, eddy mixing coefficients, particle fluxes and CO 2 gas exchange rates are calculated. Water transports in the model depend largely on the geostrophic flows derived from the climatological data and agree quantitatively with independent transport calcula- tions in the northern North Atlantic but seem to underestimate the shallow circulation and tropical upwelling. Meridional heat fluxes are northward, and the pattern of air-sea heat fluxes agrees with bulk formula estimates. Nutrient budgets place strong constraints on shallow diapycnal mixing coefficients where the values are small and well determined; they are poorly determined in deep water. Univ. Bremen FB-1, Postfach 330440, 2800 Bremen 33, FRG.

C150. Particulate matter

89:1990 Baker, E.T., H.B. Milburn and D.A. Tennant, 1988.

Field assessment of sediment trap efficiency under varying flow conditions. J. mar. Res., 46(3):573-592.

Fhe effect of current speed and particle fall velocity on collection efficiency was examined in a field experiment in a deep estuarine tidal passage where smoothly varying unidirectional flow and a spatially homogeneous particle population mimicked labo- ratory flume conditions. A multiple-sample sediment trap partitioned the mass flux according to the speed interval. The magnitude and particle characteristics of the flux collected at < ! 2 cm/s were indistin- guishable from those simultaneously collected by drifting traps. At higher speeds efficiency of the moored trap ranged 1-24% and mean size and density of the trapped particles increased, demon- strating that collection efficiency decreases with

increase in trap Reynolds number or a decrease in particle fall velocity. The study implies that both trap diameter and aspect ratio must be scaled according to expected flow conditions. PMEL, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA 98115-0070, USA.

89:1991 Dymond, Jack and Robert Collier, 1988. Biogenic

particle fluxes in the equatorial Pacific: evidence for both high and low productivity during the 1982-83 El Nifio. Global biogeochem. Cycle~, 2(2):129-137.

Sediment traps deployed at two sites ( I°N and l l°N) during and following the 1982-1983 ENSO yielded biogenic particle fluxes at l°N at least a factor of 2 lower during a 3 mo period of intense ENSO influence than other fluxes recorded during a 28-mo period beginning in December 1982, reflect- ing the expected decrease in primary production in response to the ENSO event. Biogenic particle fluxes measured at l l°N were anomalously high during this same period. The apparent increase in produc- tivity north of the Equator seems to be a conse- quence of enhanced flow of the North Equatorial Countercurrent and associated doming of the shal- low thermocline. The period of high carbon flux at 11 °N was a time of exceptional opal flux, while the particle flux during the period of low carbon flux observed at I°N was depleted in opal. These patterns appear to reflect the dominance of diatom productivity relative to coccolithophorid productiv- ity during conditions of greater nutrient availability. Coll. of Oceanogr., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

89:1992 Fischer, Gerhard et al., 1988. Seasonal variability of

particle flux in the Weddell Sea and its relation to ice cover. Nature, Lond., 335(6189):426-428.

To clarify the flux, origin and mode of vertical transport of oceanic particles in the pelagic Weddell Sea, we deployed a multi-year sediment trap. The annual particle flux measured was the smallest yet observed in the World Ocean, and showed extreme variability. Phytoplankton production is at least partly seeded by diatoms released from the melting of sea ice which had formed in the coastal area of the Antarctic continent. Phytoplankton production under the winter pack ice appears minimal. Univ. Bremen, Geowissenschaften, 2800 Bremen, FRG.

1¢): 1993 Hill, P.S., A.R.M. Nowell and P.A. Jumars, 1988.

Flume evaluation of the relationship between suspended sediment concentration and excess

OLR (1989) 36 (4) C. Chemical Oceanography 299

boundary shear stress. J. geophys. Res., 93(C10): 12,499-12,509.

The source of the large variability in field estimates of y, the coefficient of proportionality between excess shear stress and concentration of suspended sediment at a reference height above the bed, was investigated. To avoid error due to incorrect as- sumptions concerning the eddy diffusion coefficient for mass, reference concentration was estimated from concentration profiles. The value of y was determined to be 1.3 × l0 -4. Variability in previous field-derived estimates of y over 4 orders of mag- nitude is not attributable to unsound theory relating reference concentration to excess shear stress, but is most likely due to improper treatment of the eddy diffusion coefficient for mass and to measurement error. School of Oceanogr., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

89:1994 Lacerda, L.D. et al., 1988. The fate of trace metals in

suspended matter in a mangrove creek during a tidal cycle. Sci. total Environment, 75(2-3):169- 180.

During tidal cycles three patterns of metal variability were found. Fe showed a small, irregular variability; Mn exhibited a sharp increase in concentration during the rising tide coincident with the greatest variation of pH and Eh; and Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Zn showed maximum concentrations at the peak of high tide, coincident with a shift in suspended matter (SM) source. During low tides most of the exported organic carbon originated from mangrove plant detritus, while during high tides imported organic carbon was almost totally of marine origin. This shift of SM source is the principal parameter controlling metal fluxes through the system. Dept. de Geo- quimica, Univ. Fed. Fluminense, Niteroi, 24210 RJ, Brazil.

89:1995 Rudyakov, Yu.A. et al., 1987. Distribution of seston

along the coast of southwest Africa (Namibia section). Oceanology (a translation of Okeano- logiia), 27(5):626-631.

Seston biomass in surface layers of coastal waters off Namibia reaches 1 g /m 2 and decreases with distance from shore. Two regions of high seston biomass, one northern and one southern, are distinguished. A subsurface maximum of seston biomass is identified in the 200--500-m layer. A similar vertical distri- bution of plankton is known in upwelling areas of the eastern shores of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and several other ocean areas, and probably indi- cates that the life cycles of the pelagic animal forms

of various taxonomic groups that inhabit them and the phases of their ontogenic migrations are similar. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

89:1996 Statham, P.J. and R. Chester, 1988. Dissolution of

manganese from marine atmospheric particulates into seawater and rainwater. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 52(10):2433-2437.

A significant fraction of the Mn in a marine aerosol of Saharan origin was found to come into solution on contact with an artificial rainwater and also a natural coastal seawater, on a time scale of a few minutes. The fraction released on contact with the rainwater increased with decreasing pH. The release of dissolved labile forms of Mn, and probably other metals, through such dissolution reactions is poten- tially an important step in the geochemical cycles of these elements. Dept. of Oceanogr., The Univ., Southampton, SO9 5NH, UK.

C180. Geochemistry, biogeochemistry (see also D-SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEO- PHYSICS)

89:1997 Codispoti, L.A. et al., 1988. Remotely driven ther-

mocline oscillations and denitrification in the eastern South Pacific: the potential for high denitrification rates during weak coastal upwell- ing. Sci. total Environment, 75(2-3):301-318.

During February-March 1985 denitrification in the ocean off Peru was enhanced in four environments despite relatively weak coastal upwelling winds; these observations may have been related to an unusually shallow thermocline that in turn could have represented a large-scale response to the 1982-83 E1 Nifao. The data lend further support to the idea that large temporal variations in the marine denitrification rate can occur in response to rela- tively small changes in circulation and stratification. Bigelow Lab. for Ocean Sci., W. Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575, USA.

89:1998 Hsieh, Y.P., 1988. Dynamics of carbon, nitrogen, and

phosphorus cycling in a sawgrass tidal marsh with special reference to the aboveground primary production. J. environ. Qual., 17(4):676-681.

Rates of disappearance of C, N, and P were determined for above-ground plant detritus in a North Florida tidal marsh, and a two-component model (labile fraction and refractory fraction) is

300 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1989) 36 (4)

used to simulate nutrient cycling during marsh formation. Mean retention times (MRTs) for the two fractions differ drastically; for the labile fraction the MRT for C, N, and P was 8.5 months, but for the refractory material, MRTs were 10, 29, and 33 yr for C, N, and P, respectively. The model simulation indicated that the composition of soil organic matter is determined largely by the decomposition rate constants of the plant detritus. Div. of Agric. Sci., P.O. Box 239, Florida A&M Univ., Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA. (gsb)

89:1999 Li, Renwei et al., 1987. Organic geochemical analysis

of environments of Dongpo Basin. Scientia geol. sin., 2:99-111. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Inst. of Geol., Acad. Sinica, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

89:2000 Machado, E.C. and B.A. Knoppers, 1988. Sediment

oxygen consumption in an organic-rich, subtrop- ical lagoon, Brazil. Sci. total Environment, 75(2- 3):341-349.

Sediment oxygen consumption rates (g 02 m -2 d ~) in Guarapina Lagoon were 0.98_+1.18 in spring, 2.26_+0.86 in late summer, 1.95___0.38 in autumn, and 1.49+-0.39 in winter. This corresponds to ~53, 42, 54, and 44%, respectively, of daily net pelagic primary production. Organic-rich muddy sediments, which are predominant in the lagoon, showed the highest consumption rates. Inst. de Quimica, Univ. Fed. Fluminense, 24210 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.

89:2001 Moran, S.B. and R.M. Moore, 1988. Temporal

variations in dissolved and particulate aluminum during a spring bloom [off Nova Scotial. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 27(2):205-215. Dept. of Oceanogr., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS B3H 4JI, Canada.

89:2002 Moran, S.B. and R.M. Moore, 1988. Evidence from

mesocosm studies for biological removal of dis- solved aluminium from seawater. Nature, Lond., 335(6192):706-708.

The results of a controlled temporal study, using a 10-m mesocosm tank, of changes in dissolved aluminium levels and particulate aluminium flux during a diatom bloom are reported. Rapid removal of dissolved aluminium occurs by a surface adsorp- tion mechanism and/or incorporation into soft tissues of diatoms. These observations represent the first direct demonstration of the influence and

mechanism of biogenic particle removal of alumin- ium. Dept. of Oceanogr., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.

89:2003 Novelli, P.C. et al., 1988. Hydrogen and acetate

cycling in two suffate-reducing sediments: Buz- zards Bay and Town Cove, Mass. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 52(10):2477-2486. Mar. Sci. Res. Center, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

89:2004 Riso, R.D. et al., 1988. Copper and cadmium

enhancement in the Iroise coastal front. Ocean- ologica Acta, 11(3):221-226. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Chim. Analyt., Univ. de Bretagne Occidentale, 6, ave. Victor le Gorgeu, 29287 Brest Cedex, France.

89:2005 Sholkovitz, E.R. and H. Elderfield, 1988. Cycling of

dissolved rare earth elements in Chesapeake Bay. Global biogeochem. Cycles, 2(2):157-176.

Four key processes are discussed: relative abun- dances of REE in the riverine source; the role of riverine colloids in governing the concentration, relative abundances, and estuarine removal of REE; fractionation during mixing; and release and frac- tionation of dissolved REE during development of O2-depleted conditions in deep basin waters. Frac- tionation of REE leads to the preferential enrich- ment of LREE in the seasonally O2-depleted bottom waters. It is proposed that this fractionation is coupled to Mn and Fe redox cycles and the interaction of dissolved REE with suspended par- ticles and surficial sediments. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

89:2006 Van Bennekom, A.J. et al., 1988. Primary produc-

tivity and the silica cycle in the Southern Ocean (Atlantic sector). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 67(1-4): 19-30.

Tentative data for the biogenic silica production in a section along 10°E are calculated from the dissolved silica distribution. North of a sharp silica front, south of the Antarctic Polar Front and near the Maud Rise, production was relatively high. These areas have high bottom relief, causing redistribution of sediments and overestimation of the importance of such areas in budget calculations of biogenic silica accumulation. Dissolved silica concentrations in interstitial waters are highly variable. Dissolution in the surface sediments is 3 times larger than burial. Calculations of the flux out of the sediments from

OLR (1989) 36 (4) C. Chemical Oceanography 301

gradients in interstitial waters and bottom waters give reasonable agreement. Netherlands Inst. for Sea Res., P.O. Box 59, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.

89:2007 Yu, Shengrui and Bingyi Sun, 1988. The element

balance in estuarine water (Part II). The balance and removal of elements and the net flux of non-conservative elements. J. Shandong Coll. Oceanol., 18(1):33-42. (In Chinese, English ab- stract.) Dept. of Mar. Chem., Shandong Coll. of Oceanol., Qingdao, People's Republic of China.

C210. Pollution (see also B350-Atmospheric pollution, C110-Radioactivity, radioiso- topes, E300-Effects of pollution, F250- Waste disposal)

89:2008 Barcellos, C.deC., H.M. Fernandes and H.L.P.

Azevedo, 1988. The role of the Arroio Pavuna River in the transport of particulate heavy metals to Jacarepagmi Lagoon, Brazil. Sci. total Envi- ronment, 75(2-3):211-223. Comissao Nac. de Energia Nuclear, Inst. de Radioprot. e Dosimet., Av. das Americas km 11,5, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, R J, CEP 22600, Brazil.

89:2009 Beller, H.R. and B.R.T. Simoneit, 1988. Hexachlo-

rophene distributions in estuarine sediments. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol, 41(5):645-650. PTI Environ. Services, 13231 SE 36th St., Bellevue, WA, USA.

89:2010 Birnie, S.E., 1988. Automated continuous monitoring

of inorganic and total mercury in wastewater and other waters by flow-injection analysis and cold- vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. J. au- tomat. Chem., 10(3):140-143. Assoc. Octel Co. Ltd., Res. and Develop. Dept., Ellesmere Port, South Wirral L65 4HF, UK.

89:2011 Chansang, Hansa, 1988. Coastal tin mining and

marine pollution in Thailand. Ambio, 17(3):223- 228. Phuket Mar. Biol. Center, P.O. Box 60, Phuket 83000, Thailand.

89:2012 Cluis, Daniel, Ren6 Langis and Pierre Couture, 1988.

[Contribution of major ions from atmospheric deposition and groundwater to the quality of the

surface water of a river during extreme hydrologic events.] Atmos. Ocean, 26(3):437-448. (In French, English abstract.) INRS-Eau, Univ. du Quebec, C.P. 7500, Sainte-Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada.

89:2013 Dmitriyev, F.A. and A.N. Gudkov, 1987. Aliphatic

hydrocarbons and isomers of hexachiorocyclo- hexane in specimens of water, ice and snow from the Greenland Sea. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 27(5):566-568.

Data on the concentrations of aliphatic hydrocar- bons and isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane in specimens of various natural environments taken during field studies on the ice-breaker Otto Shmidt are presented. Concentrations of aliphatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons were higher in the snow and ice specimens than in seawater and were also higher in the less saline water beneath the ice. It is concluded that the pollutants in this ocean area are at the background level. Arctic and Antarctic Res. Inst., Leningrad, USSR.

89:2014 Epstein, M.S., G.C. Turk and J.C. Travis, 1988.

Application of a Nd:YAG pumped dye laser to the determination of nickel in river sediment using non-resonance flame atomic fluorescence spec- trometry. J. analyt, atomic Spectrometry, 3(4): 523-525. Center for Analyt. Chem., U.S. Natl. Bur. of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.

89:2015 Ferrara, R. and B.E. Maserti, 1988. Mercury ex-

change between outflowing and inflowing waters in the Strait of Gibraltar. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 19(8):387-388. CNR, Istituto di Biofisica, via S. Lorenzo 26, 56100 Pisa, Italy.

89:2016 Fileman, T.W. and R.J. Law, 1988. Baseline. Hy-

drocarbon concentrations in sediments and water from the English Channel. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 19(8):390-393. MAFF, Food, Directorate of Fish. Res., Fish. Lab., Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex CM0 8HA, UK.

89:2017 Hall, L.W. Jr. et al., 1988. Spatial and temporal

distribution of butyltin compounds in a northern Chesapeake Bay marina and river system. Envi- ron. Monit. Assessment, 10(3):229-244. APL, Johns Hopkins Univ., Shady Side, MD, USA.

302 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1989) 36 (4)

89:2018 Hall, L.W. Jr., 1988. Tributyltin environmental

studies in Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 19(9):431-438. Appl. Phys. Lab., Johns Hopkins Univ., Shady Side, MD 20764, USA.

89:2019 Huang, W.W. et al., 1988. Distribution and behaviour

of arsenic in the Huang He (Yellow River) Estuary and Bohai Sea. Mar. Chem., 25(1):75-91. Dept. of Chem., Shandong Coll. of Oceanogr., Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.

89:2020 Huggett, R.J., P.O. deFur and R.H. Bieri, 1988.

Organic compounds in Chesapeake Bay sedi- ments. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 19(9):454-458. VIMS, Coll. of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA.

89:2021 Hungspreugs, Manuwadi, 1988. Heavy metals and

other non-oil pollutants in Southeast Asia. Ambio, 17(3):178-182. Dept. of Mar. Sci., Chulalong- korn Univ., Phya Thai Rd., Bangkok 10500, Thailand.

89:2022 Japenga, J. et al., 1988. Organic micropollutants in

the Rio de Janeiro coastal region, Brazil. Sci. total Environment, 75(2-3):249-259. Inst. for Soil Fertility/Delft Hydraulics Lab., P.O. Box 30003, 9750 RA Haren, Netherlands.

89:2023 Kijak, P.J. and G.R. Helz, 1988. Fate of sulfur(IV)

dechiorinating agents in natural waters: effect of suspended sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol., 22(10): 1171-1177. Food and Drug Admin., Div. of Vet. Med. Res., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.

89:2024 Kramer, W. and K. Ballschmiter, 1988. Global

baseline pollution studies XII. Content and pattern of polychloro-cyclobexanes (HCH) and -bi-pbenyls (PCB), and content of hexachloro- benzene in the water column of the Atlantic Ocean. Z. analyt. Chem., 330(6):524-526.

Water samples obtained from the surface film and the water column down to a depth of 1200 m were analyzed for the hexachlorocyclohexanes BHC and HCH, for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and for a number of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Pre- liminary results are reported here. The results for HCB, BHC, and HCH suggest layering of water

masses and different hemispheric input sources for the pollutants. PCB congeners were mostly asso- ciated with particles and vertical transport was dominant, whereas HCH isomers were primarily in the dissolved state, and transported by water flow. Ballaschmiter: Abt. Analyt. Chem., Univ. Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 626, D-7900 Ulm, FRG. (gsb)

89:2025 Luoma, S.N. and D.J.H. Phillips, 1988. Distribution,

variability, and impacts of trace elements in San Francisco Bay. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 19(9):413-425. USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

89:2026 Maim, O. et al., 1988. Transport and availability of

heavy metals in the Paraiba do Sui-Guandu River system, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Sci. total Environment, 75(2-3):201-209. Lab. de Radio- isotopos, Inst. de Biofis. Carlos Chagas Filho, Univ. Fed. do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao, 21941, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

89:2027 Maris, F.A. et al., 1988. Determination of poly-

chlorinated bipbenyls in sediment by on-line narrow-bore column liquid chromatography/cap- illary gas chromatography. J. high Resolution Chromatog. and Chromatog. Communs., 11(2): 197-202. Dept. of Analyt. Chem., Free Univ., De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Neth- erlands.

89:2028 Martinez Lozano, C. et al., 1988. Determination of

paraquat in biological and environmental samples by a photokinetic method. Analytica chim. Acta, 209(1-2):79-86. Dept. of Analyt. Chem., Univ. of Murcia, Spain.

89:2029 Narasaki, Hisatake, 1988. Semi-automated deter-

ruination of arsenic and selenium in river water by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrom- etry using a gas collection device. J. analyt. atomic Spectrometry, 3(4):517-521. Dept. of Chem., Saitama Univ., Shimo-Okubo, Urawa 338, Japan.

89:2030 Phillips, D.J.H. and R.B. Spies, 1988. Chlorinated

hydrocarbons in the San Francisco estuarine ecosystem. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 19(9):445-453. Aquatic Habitat Inst., 180 Richmond Field Station, 1301 S. 46th St., Richmond, CA 94804, USA.

OLR (1989) 36 (4) 303

89:2031 Sarkar, A. and R. Sen Gupta, 1988. DDT residues in

sediments from the Bay of Bengal. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 41(5):664-669. Chem. Oceanogr. Div., Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India.

89:2032 Sinex, S.A. and D.A. Wright, 1988. Distribution of

trace metals in the sediments and biota of Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 19(9):425- 431. Div. of Contaminants Chem., Food & Drug

Admin., 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA.

C240. Corrosion

89:2033 Beccaria, A.M., 1988. Analysis of corrosion products

formed on Cu-Ni alloys immersed in seawater. Analyt. Letts, 21(8):1433-1455. Ist. per la Cor- rosione Mar. dei Metalli, CNR, Via della Mercanzia 4, 16123 Genova, Italy.

D. SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS

D10. Apparatus and methods

89:2034 Goff, J.A. and T.H. Jordan, 1988. Stochastic mod-

eling of seafioor morphology: inversion of Sea Beam data for second-order statistics. J. geophys. Res., 93(B11): 13,589-13,608.

In an effort to develop methods for estimating seafloor statistics that take into account the preci- sion, resolution, and sampling obtained by echo sounding systems (particularly recovery of second- order statistics from data sets collected by multi- beam devices), the seafloor is modeled as a sta- tionary, zero-mean, Gaussian random field specified by its two-point covariance function with five free parameters describing the amplitude, orientation, characteristic wave numbers, and Hausdorff dimen- sion of seafloor topography. The general forward problem is formulated and then the inverse problem of estimating seafloor parameters from realistic, noisy data sets is solved by an iterative, linearized, least squares method. The inversion method is applied to Sea Beam transit data from both the Pacific and Atlantic, and the results are assessed using synthetic Sea Beam data. Dept. of Earth, Atmos., and Planetary Sci., MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

89:2035 Wadge, G. and N. Quarmby, 1988. Geological

remote sensing of rocky coasts. Geol. Mag., 125(5):495-505.

The use of the Landsat Thematic Mapper and airborne multispectral scanner data to map changes

in lithology along exposed rocky coasts was studied at four test sites along the Pembrokeshire coast in the U.K. Although the spatial resolution of the Thematic Mapper was too coarse to trace lithologies over distances of several kilometers, it was possible to distinguish between sandstone and carbonate on both the three-band and principal component images of the airborne scanner and even to detect differences between limestone and dolomite and between some mudstones and sandstones. The results suggest that airborne multispectral scanning may prove a new tool for mapping rocky coasts. Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Reading, RG6 2AB, UK. (hbf)

D40. Area studies, surveys, bathymetry

89:2036 Coleman, J.M. and H.H. Roberts, 1988. Special

issue. Sedimentary development of the Louisiana continental shelf related to sea level cycles. Part I. Sedimentary sequences. Part II. Seismic re- sponse. Geo-Marine Letts, 8(2):63-119.

Deep foundation borings (471 from 30 to 300 m) and several hundred thousand kilometers of high-reso- lution seismic data were analyzed to document the effects of shifting sea level on the Louisiana continental shelf/upper slope sedimentary deposits formed during three sea level cycles over the past 240,000 years. High sea stand deposits were char- acterized by thin, slowly accumulated calcareous- rich sequences with wide lateral continuity. Low sea