Page 1 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
A Presentation at MEPC68, IMO Headquarters, London, May 2015Co-sponsored by FOEI and WWF
Dr Wei Chen, Wartsila Water Systems Ltd
MARINE WASTEWATER POLLUTION:
- CONFRONTING GREY WATER
- IMPLEMENTING ANNEX IV EFFECTIVELY
Page 2 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
CONFRONTING GREY WATER
Page 3 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Grey Water – What Is It?
‘Grey water means drainage from dishwater, shower, laundry, bath and washbasin drains…’ MECP.227(64)
Galley grey water
Laundry grey water
Sanitarygrey water
OverboardBlack water
Sewage Treatment Plant
Collectionsystem
OverboardVery simplified black & grey water systems on-board a ship.
Page 4 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Grey Water Characteristics
Parameters MEPC159(55) standards
Faecal coliform(MPN/100ml) 100
BOD5 (mg/l) 25
COD (mg/l) 125
TSS (mg/l) 35
US EPA (2008), Cruise Ship Discharge Assessment Report.
Sanitary grey water
Laundry grey water
Galley grey water
37,000,000 80,000 29,000,000
260 84 1,490
723 257 1,830
207 37 877
Page 5 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Greater Environmental Impact Than Sewage
Black water Grey water
Am
ount
of B
OD
5
Grey water also has:
Grease, oil and fat Food particles High/low pH Spreading agent
Design loading rates (Meyer Werft, 2012)
Grey water has higher flow
Page 6 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Proactive Steps Taken by Many
Land: widely regulated over the world, across all industry sectors, for decades...
Marine: regional rules
Technologies available
Greener class notations
Ship owners’ - led by the cruise sector
Alaska 33CFR159 subpart E
US waters EPA Vessel General Permit (2013)
European Inland Waterways 2012/49/EU
No Discharge Zones (Great Barrier Reef, etc.)
Page 7 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Challenges
Image
Moving away from universal rule.
NDZ – holding vs. solutions on-board
Impact to BWM MEPC63/2/18, MEPC 64/7/7
No guidelines led to violations.
EffluentSTP
Untreated grey water
Black water
Sewage Treatment Plant
X
Page 8 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Confronting Grey Water
Should grey water be regulated?
To address a major pollution source.
To address concerns in sensitive areas MEPC 68/INF.37
To facilitate effective implementation of Annex IV.
To fulfil our obligations, as does the rest of the society.
We request that IMO Member States and other recognized entities submit relevant information on grey water to MEPC69, with a view to considering addressing this significant source of pollution through IMO processes/procedures.
Page 9 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
IMPLEMENTING ANNEX IV EFFECTIVELY
Page 10 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Effective Implementation - What Is It?
Success on land
Regulatory Cycle Legislation(Revision)
Permitting
Compliance Monitoring
Compliance assessment
Enforcement
Evaluation & Feedback
Policy/ Objectives
Adapted from IMPEL (2010)
!!
Page 11 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Legislation
Type Approval
Compliance monitoring
Compliance assessment
Enforcement
Evaluation & Feedback
Annex IV – An Overview
Long history
Superior targets
No Regulatory Cycle
Realities…
Policy/ Objectives
!!
Page 12 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Realities
‘…the large ship data (2000) shows that none of the treatment systems were functioning properly…‘ Alaska DEC (2002).
‘…a vast majority of the equipment did not meet the existing sewage treatment standards…’ MEPC 64/23; MEPC 67/8/1.
‘…legal, treated sewage discharges contain fecal bacteria concentrations that are many times higher than the state water quality standards…’ Washington State (2013): Draft Petition to Designate the Waters of Puget Sound as a No Discharge Zone
Page 13 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Realities – STP Performance Status
0
100
200
300
400
500
60020
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
1120
1220
1320
1420
15
BO
D5
(mg/
l)
BOD5 Concentration - Average
Page 14 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Realities – STP Performance Status
110
1001,000
10,000100,000
1,000,00010,000,000
100,000,00020
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
1120
1220
1320
1420
15F. C
oli (
coun
ts/1
00m
l)
Faecal Coliform – Geometric Mean
Page 15 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
A lack of visibility.
Regulatory Cycle – incomplete !
Annex IV NOT effective, the gap between rules and realities is widening.
“A convention that just gathers dust on a shelf offers no benefit to anyone” - IMO Secretary General Koji Sekimizu
Effective implementation – possible?
Challenges
Page 16 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Alaskan Experience
110
1001,000
10,000100,000
1,000,00010,000,000
100,000,00020
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
1120
1220
1320
1420
15F. C
oli (
coun
ts/1
00m
l)
Faecal Coliform – Geometric Mean
Alaskan law - CPVEC program! Cruise industry’s commitment led to great success.
Page 17 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Alaskan Experience
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
BO
D5
(mg/
l)
BOD5 Concentration - Average
Grey water rule makes CPVEC more feasible. Permitting under CPVEC vs. Type Approval
Page 18 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Effective Implementation – It benefits
Benefits industry.
Level playing field.
Reality check for 'aspirations'.
Science-based, practicable and sustainable rules.
Benefits the regulators by making rules fit for purpose.
Benefits the environment.
Page 19 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
The Way Forward
Regulation should be building confidence in the society.
Regulatory Cycle is key !
Annex IV should be, and can be, made effective.
We request that Member States and other recognized entities consider the presented information with a view to addressing the requirements of Annex IV adequately.
Page 20 Marine Wastewater Pollution: Confronting Grey Water and Implementing Annex IV Effectively, at MEPC68, London, May 2015, by Dr Wei Chen
Any Questions
Contact:
John Kaltenstein, IMO Coordinator at FOEI. [email protected]
Dr Simon Walmsley, Marine Manager at WWF International. [email protected]
Dr Wei Chen, Future Program Development Manager at Wartsila Water Systems Ltd. [email protected]
